Soybeans are cash crops with a large planting area in China, but farmers often have the phenomenon of soybean disease in the process of planting soybeans.
Especially in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, "symptomatic green" has become a prominent problem in soybean production, and it is becoming more and more serious, it is estimated that the yield reduction loss is 20%-80%, and it has become a "cancer" in the production of soybeans in the Huang-Huai-Hai Summer.
At first, many experts believed that it was caused by high temperatures, but finally found that the culprit was a sucking pest called the spot bee edge bug, let's take a look.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > soybean disease green</h1>
"Qingqing" is a common name for the phenomenon of greening of soybean stems and leaves.
The occurrence characteristics are: the late growth of soybean is vegetative growth, the leaves are thick, the leaf color is thick green, the stem is hard, the green branches are maintained for a long time, and new branches or secondary branches are continuously extracted, the flowering period is long, the pods are sparse, the pods are not bulging or the pods are wrinkled, and the seeds are too small, resulting in a decrease in yield and poor commerciality.
Normal ripe soybeans, the pods are golden yellow, the pods are also sun-dried, after opening, the soybeans inside are full and compact yellow soybeans.
When the soybean should be ripe, the soybean stems and leaves and fruit pods are still blue-green, and the pods are intact, but after opening, there is no soybean inside, and there are pods without fruit, resulting in a decline in yield.
"Symptomatic green" has a spread, can lead to the whole plant or even the whole land is infected, in severe cases, the whole plant withered, no harvest of particles, the impact on soybean yield is very large. In recent years, the occurrence of heavy harm in the soybean cultivation area of Huanghuaihai in China is one of the main reasons for the increase in the rate of falling flowers, falling pods, deflected grains and empty pods.
In 2014, soybeans in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, had a green phenomenon, and the yield per mu was only 200-300 catties;
In 2017, soybeans in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and other provinces had a green phenomenon, and the yield per mu was only 200-300 catties;
In 2018, the phenomenon of soybean disease was more common, and the yield loss was more serious, with a yield of only 100-200 jin per mu, and some particles had no harvest.
Green soybeans (left) and normally mature soybeans (right)
Huanghuai area is an important soybean production base in China, as far as soybean production is concerned, the general high-yield field can reach 400-500 jin, generally 300-400 jin. At present, the high yield record of summer soybeans in the Huang-Huai-Hai region is the average yield of 669.46 catties per mu of the new variety Zheng 1307.
For soybeans with low yields, reducing production by hundreds of catties is a big loss for bean farmers, not to mention that when the symptoms are serious, it will lead to 80% empty pods, which is really like cancer, making bean farmers desperate and losing their money!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > cause of the occurrence of polio-</h1>
There are four main reasons for soybean disease:
1. High temperature and drought
According to the occurrence of soybean disease over the years, the probability of high temperature and drought years is very large, because in dry and high temperature years, if the management is not good, the crop growth is weak and the resistance to stress is poor, and it is easy to have various adverse reactions.
2. Soybean virus disease
In the Yongcheng area of Henan, the main cause of soybean disease is caused by viral diseases, after the onset of the plant leaves yellow-green mottled, but still normal growth, but because the photosynthesis of the leaves is very weak, the energy generated is not enough to supply normal flower bud differentiation, resulting in late flowering and fruit failure, fruit dry empty pods and other situations.
3. Insect pests
It is mainly caused by bee-edge bugs, planthoppers, thrips, etc. Pests move to feed on the flowers, causing the flowers to wither, and sucking the sap of the pods during the pod formation period, causing the pods to fall off, or the fruit is deformed.
On the other hand, because the pest is relatively strong in flight, the insect population base is relatively large, and it also spreads diseases, including viral diseases, which greatly improves the incidence of soybean disease.
4. Unbalanced nutrients
The loss of trace elements in the correlation can also cause less or pods in the late stage of soybeans, such as boron, which has a significant regulatory effect on plant growth, which can promote plant flowering and fruiting, so that the fruit is full, and this element is often ignored by growers.
With the increase of planting age, there is less and less boron in the soil, so it is natural that there is a possibility of symptoms. In actual agricultural production, we found that by supplementing soybeans with boron fertilizer, the incidence of symptoms can be significantly reduced.
Since the temperature in the Huang-Huai-Hai region was very high in the summer of 2017 and 2018, experts at the time speculated that large areas of soybean disease were caused by high temperatures and droughts.
However, when planting in the field, it was found that a group of two soybean plants in close proximity, the same variety, one "symptomatic green" and the other normal.
This is confusing, the two soybean plants of the same variety adjacent to each other are in the same high temperature and drought environment, but the results are different, and it is speculated that the high temperature and drought are not the main cause of soybean disease.
A closer look at the "green" soybeans will find that there are "black holes" punctured by stinging pests at the soybean stalks, large and small, and black needles.
It seems that the clues left by the murderer have been discovered, and the truth has surfaced.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > spot bee margin bug</h1>
The culprit that caused the yellow-huai-hai summer soybean to appear green is the point bee edge bug!
Wu Cunxiang of the Institute of Crops of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences pointed out that the important cause of the sickness may be the point bee edge bug, and the prevention and control of the point bee edge bug can effectively prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon of green disease.
Han Tianfu, a researcher at the Institute of Crops of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, also pointed out at the just-concluded 2019 China Seed Conference Field Crop Forum that the symptoms of soybeans in the Huang-Huai-Hai region are not caused by high temperatures, but by spot bee margin bugs.
Spot bee edge bugs
Spot bee-edge bugs are in the order Hemiptera, Marginal Bugs. Alias white striped bee edge bug, bean edge bug. Distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces.
Spot bee edge bug host: mainly harmful broad beans, peas, beans, mung beans, soybeans, cowpeas, Kunming chicken blood vine, edamame beans and other legumes.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > method for controlling bee margin bugs at points</h1>
(1) Find the wintering shelter of adult insects, clean the straw and dead branches and leaves on the edge of the ground before winter, collect them on the edge of the ground, landfill them with soil, shoot the overwintering and decompose, as the organic matter of the field in the following year, and can be removed to avoid the overwintering adult insects.
(2) Implement crop rotation, implement a rotation period of at least 1 year in soybean plots, and reduce the host parasitism of soybean diseases and insect pests.
(3) After harvesting the soybean field, deep ploughing is carried out after autumn, deep burial of dead branches and leaves of beans, and cutting off eggs to hatch in the next year.
(4) Cultivate fertility and soil strength, increase the application of organic fertilizer or soil improvement, cultivate strong seedlings, and enhance the resistance of soybean body.
(5) Select imidacloprid, thiamethoxamine and other seed mixing agents to seed soybeans and prevent them early.
(6) During the pod stage of soybeans, when there is a hazard, spray control of the whole plant with 40-50 kg of medicinal solution per mu. Spray every 6 to 7 days, because the spot bee edge bug has the ability to migrate, so it is necessary to spray 2-3 times in a row, and do not re-spray and not leak spray when spraying.
5000 times liquid 3% avermectin emulsion
4000 times liquid 10% imidacloprid wettable powder
3000 times liquid 5% acetamidine emulsion
2000 times liquid 5% high efficiency cypermethrin emulsion
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > use Fujun to prevent sickness</h1>
The members of the Xiaolongren Marketing Department, according to the soybean disease and greening status in the Soybean Producing Area of Huanghuaihai in recent years, specially followed up the investigation and timely feedback to the company to develop a soybean seed treatment suspension agent specifically for point bee edge bugs - Fujun, with an active ingredient of 8% thiamethoxamine.
Xiaolongren's thiamethoxamine seeding agent, from wheat seeding to peanut seeding, and now soybean seeding, has rich experience and excellent effect, and has always been favored by partners.
Copywriting & Typography / Zhang Dapeng
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