County, administrative division;
The origin of "county" can be traced back to the late Spring and Autumn Period, with the gradual collapse of the slave system and the gradual establishment of the feudal system, a new order broke ground, when in order to consolidate the rule, the princely states began to set up counties on the border, and the administrative division was similar to today's prefecture-level cities.
After the unification of the Six Kingdoms by the Qin, it vigorously promoted the "book with the same text, the car with the same track", and began to set up counties under the county, although the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty still pursued the county system, but the division changed, and after the Song Dynasty, "state" replaced "county", and since then the regional division of "county" has been extinguished.
The source of "hope" is related to the formation of the "door valve system". The authority and prestige of high-powered families can be passed on from generation to generation, and there are clear official provisions dividing the caste hierarchy, creating a polarized situation in this era.
The Guixi Qiu Clan Genealogy Sequence says: "Since the Tang Dynasty looked at the county, and looked at Henan, Qiu Liang looked at the manifestation of Xianggong's father and son.
"Gunwang" refers to the Wang clan that lives in a certain place, so it is often used in genealogy.
Regarding the term "county", there is no unified concept at present, which can be roughly summarized into the following categories:
Refers to the name of the county from the original place, such as Mr. Cen Zhongmian: "From the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, counties were successively built everywhere... The population has migrated, and it is still possible to cite the name of the county of its origin as a marker, such as Taiyuan, Longxi, Anding, Nanyang, Qinghe, etc., all of which are called counties in later generations. Mr. Mao Hanguang: "Although most of the clans (during the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Two Jin Dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties) migrated and branched, they still retained their original titles, calling them 'Junwang'. ”
Refers to the noble families in the county, such as the "Ci Hai": "The noble clans of each county from the Wei jin to the Sui and Tang dynasties were called junwang, which means that the family lived in a certain county and was looked up to by the locals." "Hanyu Da Dictionary": "In ancient times, the guixian families in the county were looked up to by everyone, such as the Li clan of Longxi and the Wang clan of Taiyuan. ”
Refers to the surname of the noble in the county, such as the "Ciyuan": "The surname of the noble in the county." Such as the Zhang surname of Qinghe during the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Wang surname of Taiyuan, and so on. ”
From the above definition, we can glimpse the development and evolution of "Gunwang". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the county has been set up, at this time "Gunwang" mostly refers to the original county name, such as Qinghe; the Eastern Han Dynasty descended to the Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties period, with the emergence of the scholar clan, the combination of the scholar clan and the election of officials system, "Junwang" evolved into "the noble scholar clan in the county", such as the Lang evil Wang clan; after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial examination system and so on, "Junwang" gradually evolved into a cultural symbol, which is no longer limited to the scholar clan.
Form: Generally with place names plus surnames, such as Qinghe Cui clan, Hedong Liu clan. Usually a surname can have multiple counties, such as Zhang, there are 14 county wangs, Qinghe, Nanyang, Wu County, Anding, Dunhuang, Wuwei, Fanyang, Qianwei, Peiguo, Liangguo, Zhongshan, Jijun, Hanoi, Gaoping; a region can also have multiple surnames, such as Gansu Tianshui, is Zhao, Qin, Yan, Jiang, Pi, Yin, Di, Qiang, Qiu, Shuang, Gui, Zhuang, Ai, Shen, Kan, Na, Quan and Shangguan and other 18 surnames of the county.
Conditions: place names, that is, the so-called "county", "county" is a first-level administrative institution, the Spring and Autumn Warring States period has existed, after the unification of the Qin Dynasty, set up counties, the formation of counties and counties of the second level of administrative institutions, for the Han and Tang Dynasties to follow, to the Song Dynasty, "county" was basically abolished;
It must be a Wang clan, and the conditions of the Wang clan include many, such as the profound accumulation of family culture and generations of talented people; the backbone of the family is noble in virtue and "looks forward" to the hometown; there are more than three generations of officials successively, and the name is heavy on the government and the opposition.
There is also an interesting example of county hope, and there is a famous couplet in the Republic of China period: "From the mountain to the city, from the city to the pi, from the pi to the river, from the river to the sea, the situation is getting worse and worse." "It is about the great president of the Republic of China period who is not as good as a term. Among them, the mountain refers to Sun Yat-sen, a native of Xiangshan, Guangdong; the city refers to Yuan Shikai, a native of Xiangcheng, Henan; Pi refers to Li Yuanhong, a native of Huangpi, Hubei; a person from Hejian in Hebei; a person from Hejian in Hebei; and a person from Xu Shichang and a native of Donghai, Jiangsu. The names and successive names in front of him here are very correct, but Xu Shichang is not from Donghai, Jiangsu, he is directly subordinate to Tianjin, born in Weihui Province, Henan Province, and the reason why he is called Donghai is because Donghai is Xu surname Junwang, so Xu Shichang is called Donghai, and in his later years he also called himself a resident of Donghai.