Orthoptera is divided into three suborders, namely locust suborder, suborder Lycaenidae, and suborder Pterophora. Insects of the order Locust, collectively known as "ant" in Huangxian (present-day Longkou), have written a short article dedicated to it. Insects of the order Crickets mainly refer to crickets and crickets, the name of "Crickets" began in the "Book of Poetry • Zhounan • Ant", the most common is the grasshopper, the scientific name is elegant grasshopper, Huangxian dialect is called "Chi Chi", also called "Chi Chi Qi'er".
In fact, subdivided, "chirping" and "well-behaved" are not the same, chirping is a male insect, the forewing is shorter, only up to the center of the abdomen, like a small coat that is not long enough", "hanging child" there, when the two wings rub together, it can make a crisp and loud sound of "chirping, chirping," so chirping is the most commonly raised songworm. In the past, it was caught from the mountains and raised to play, but now it is basically artificially bred, and in the summer, people often use straw to insert it into a chirping cage, put only chirping in it, carrying two large burdens everywhere to sell. Because the chirping cage is particularly cramped, the Huangxian dialect will describe the house as particularly narrow when it is called "like a chirping cage", and students learn to say "Guan Chi chi cage".
Females have shorter wings and are winged buds, with sabre-shaped ovipositors on their abdomen that can be distinguished from males. Because females can't make sounds, they are called "good boys". The chirp is thick and strong, and compared with the short wings, the belly appears to be very large, so the Huangxian dialect describes the human belly assembly as "like a big belly chirping". Chirping is not good at flying and good at jumping, likes to lie in the bushes and grass and sing, the more poisonous the sun, the louder it is, the grass green or brownish green body color is a good camouflage, it is not easy to find it, often only smell its sound and do not see its insects.
If the wings can grow to cover the stomach, it is another species, commonly known as the long-winged grasshopper, the scientific name is dark brown grasshopper, and the Huangxian dialect is called "mountain grass donkey". Huangxian has two children's songs: "Well-behaved children cry and chirp, mountain grass donkeys come to hang filial piety", why is it mountain grass donkeys and not something else to hang filial piety? Because they are one family, they belong to the family.
Chi also has a distant relative, belongs to the family Offinch, the scientific name is striped mantis, the body is green, the side is flat, there is a yellow-brown band on the back, the slender tentacles are longer than the body, the body is wide and narrow, like a brick knife, the hind feet are slender, not how to jump. The female's ovipositor bends upwards like a small crescent, which is particularly cute.
The textile lady is also a distant relative of the weaving girl, belonging to the textile girl family, the ancients called it "Sha Chicken", "Poetry Classic, Feng Feng • July": "May Si Mo Dong Stock, June Sha Ji Zhen Yu", "Sha Ji" refers to the textile niang. Its body wings are brown, like day and night, at dusk began to chirp, male insects with forelimb friction can make a sound similar to "rolling, rolling", in order to attract the opposite sex, because its call is like spinning wheel rotation, so it is named "textile lady" ——— this name is strange enough, those male insects are not depressed to death, is there a more feminine name than this? Huangxian dialect calls it "demolition, demolition, washing", I don't know if it is the difference in accents of textile girls in different regions.
Crickets and chirps belong to the same suborder Crickets, but they have already "served five times". The ancients called crickets "promoting weaving", and one of Pu Songling's "Liaozhai Zhiyi" had been selected for middle school textbooks. Folk mostly call it "moth", Huangxian dialect is called "earth chirping", probably because of its chirping, but also cave dwelling reason. The cave dweller's animal territory awareness is particularly strong, so the cricket's good fighting is second to none among insects, and since the Tang Dynasty, people have realized this and carried it forward to form a unique Chinese cricket culture. The good fighting of crickets in Ningjin, Shandong Province, is the crown of the world, and every time the cricket season comes, a high-quality cricket can sell for up to more than 100,000 yuan. Some self-interested people have actually fed crickets stimulants in order to make profits, which is really... It's so stupid!
The oil gourd is a close relative of the soil chirp, similar in shape to the soil chirp, but more fat, light in color, and shiny throughout, brown or yellow-brown, as if it had just been fished out of an oil bottle. Its sound is euphemistic, slightly vibratory, and the sound is like "Oh li li li... It is very similar to the sound of oil pouring out of the gourd, so it is named "oil gourd", and many people raise it as a songbird, especially in winter, the carefully cultivated oil gourd is placed in the gourd and carried in the arms to keep warm. The snow was drifting outside, and the oil gourd in my arms was chirping, and the feeling was not low-key at all.
There are distant relatives who live in the trees, the scientific name is tree crickets, once I went for a walk in the forest at night, and I heard the sound of "矍, 矍, 矍, 矍..." coming from the trees, crisp and loud. It took half a day to find its figure on a pine branch, slender and long, with a small head and wide wings, shaped like a pipa, light green or yellow-green throughout, like a layer of green yarn, and two long tentacles fluttering like silk, like a fairy in the forest. Later, I checked the information and learned that this is called the Chinese tree cricket, which eats young leaves for a living, and also likes to eat aphids, and it seems that it is still a fairy who likes food.
The representative of the suborder caddisflies is the caddisflies, pronounced "lóu" in Mandarin and "lú" in Huangxian dialect, the caddisflies are thick and fat, the whole body is densely covered with short soft hairs, the back is brown, the ventral surface is grayish yellow, the head is conical, the anterior tip is blunt, and most of the head is covered by the front chest plate. In the Huangxian dialect, people on the sea call the Japanese drum shrimp in the shellfish shrimp "scorpion shrimp", and in the southern mountains, "scorpion shrimp" refers to climbing shrimp, probably because the heads of these two shrimp are somewhat similar to those of the scorpions.
The forefoots of the caddisflies are particularly developed, shovel-shaped, suitable for digging soil, it will dig down in the soil to dig a "Ya" shaped nest, hide in it during the day, come out at night to eat the young stems of crops, from April to June for wheat seedlings and spring and summer sown crop seedlings, September to November for autumn sown wheat seedlings. Probably because the cadaver is good at hiding and only appears at night, in the Huangxian dialect, the word "caddisflies" has a strange and strange meaning, such as: "Really out of the caddisflies, how does he know that we did it?" There is also a name called the scorpion, and there is a saying in Huangxian County called "listen to the call of the caddisflies and do not need to plant the land", which is the same as "listening to the rabbits and not planting beans". And because the cadmid is a major agricultural pest, sometimes it is also borrowed to refer to bad things, such as: "This time I made a worm and a worm." ”
What should the relationship between man and nature look like? The Book of Poetry, Fengfeng, and July answers this question: "July is in the wilderness, August is in the universe, September is in the household, and in October crickets come under my bed." "Crickets are talking about, but in fact, it is not the embodiment of the harmonious coexistence between man and nature that the ancients wanted to achieve." No matter what era, blue sky and white clouds, green mountains and green water, insects chirping, birds chirping, are people's eternal pursuit and yearning.
The picture shows the Yantai Evening News "Yantai Street" newspaper on August 11
Author: Wang Dongchao