Text/Native Life Gardening
Soybeans are an important cash crop, it is also our edible oil, the main raw material crop for soy products! Soybeans are generally sown in summer, and the growth period is relatively short, but there are not many diseases during the growth period.
Snail infestations in soybean fields are more common in recent years, especially in warm and humid areas. Climate reasons and the adjustment of the planting structure have gradually increased the degree of harm in many places, even insect pests that were not mainly snails before.
<h1>The type of snail</h1>
The snails that harm soybeans are mainly gray snails, followed by homogeneous snails. These two snails have a wide range of feeding habits and can cause harm to many crops, such as: wheat, rapeseed, corn, cotton, and many types of vegetables. And they are "not picky eaters", catching up with which crop, "eating" which crop. Especially like juicy and tender tissues, adult insects eat a large amount, mouthparts "sharp", on the seedlings, young leaves and young stems, young fruits for "nibbling", often causing the leaves to break into a net, holes are missing, biting off the stems and lack of seedlings, and even the entire leaf is eaten. It may cause bacterial infestation and decay; adult insects will also defecate and secrete mucus while harming crops, causing pollution to crops and reducing quality.
It seriously affects the photosynthesis of crops, reduces the pod rate and grain weight, and eventually reduces yield.
<h1>Occurrence condition</h1>
Snails mostly prefer humid and warm environments, and are afraid of light and heat, tending to be dark environments. Especially on rainy days of about 30 degrees Celsius, the activity is frequent and the harm is more serious. They mostly inhabit grass, rocky piles, dry grass, and the roots of crops; they also dormant in these areas when the weather temperature is low or high. The damage time is mostly at night, morning, evening or rainy days, and there is a habit of lying diurnal and nocturnal.
Grey snails are hermaphrodite and have a particularly strong reproductive ability, forming a peak of harm in spring and autumn, and hiding in high temperatures and drought in mid-summer. When the temperature drops to 25 degrees Celsius in August and September, and when the temperature rises to 15 degrees Celsius in the spring, it comes out to cause harm. Therefore, crops such as late-sown soybeans are the main crops that are harmed by snails.
<h1>Prevention and control measures</h1>
Agricultural control
It mainly improves the environmental conditions of the field, cleans up the weeds and rock piles around the field, reduces the accumulation of water in the field, avoids humidity, and reduces the habitat and spawning and wintering place of snails as much as possible. During the wintering and spawning periods (May-June), deep ploughing of the field, cracking of wintering insects or eggs and pecking by predators.
Reasonable planting density, soybeans try not to be too dense, otherwise it is easy to cause shade in the field, easy to accumulate moisture, induce snails to be highly harmful; snails are slower in activity, crawling slowly, can be artificially captured in the morning or evening; it is a crawling mollusk, conditionally can be sprinkled around the field, or around the plant to spread quicklime powder control; the use of snails' activity habits, in the field piles of grass or straw for trapping; or conditional, can release natural enemies for predatory control.
chemical control
There are fewer special medicine machines for the prevention and treatment of snails, and the method is relatively simple. It can be sprinkled in the morning or evening using tetraacetaldehyde or polyacetaldehyde granules mixed with soil to spread between soybean rows, or directly with granules. About 10 days to spread the prevention and control once, generally 1-2 times can effectively control the harm of gray snails.
In the peak of the hazard period, octyl thiophosphorus, or a chemical containing copper sulfate, can also be used to spray the stems and leaves of crops evenly, and there is also a good control effect.