In ancient China, many people actually "stayed" at home.
Playthings are appropriate
Shrink the mountains into inches and break them into pieces, or place them in the courtyard or sit idle on top of the books. The style and interest of the literati are revealed in the quiet stone details, and they are carefully retained on the picture.
As a representative of traditional Chinese culture, Song culture is on the one hand a summary of confucian traditional culture since the pre-Qin, Han and Tang dynasties, and on the other hand, it is the beginning of Chinese culture in recent times. If it is said that before the Tang Dynasty, it was the "martial arts" of the world that was used to dominate the history, then the Song Dynasty was the "wenzhi" Anbang that suppressed the martial arts with reverence for literature. The Northern Song Dynasty literati are relatively comfortable, and based on the concept of sublime elegance, emphasizing literary talent, learning, morality, Song Dynasty aesthetics in advocating rationality at the same time, but also the pursuit of leisure, close to life, the so-called "plaything suitable", is the pursuit of art of life and the art of life. The aesthetics of the Song Dynasty changed the pioneering and exuberant and enterprising nature of the Tang Dynasty aesthetics, from the excavation of nature and life, to the experience of daily life and inner mood, and turned to the attention to a flower and a leaf, a sand and a stone. In terms of artistic expression, Song Dynasty art no longer emphasizes the brilliant momentum and passion, but turns to the subtle, quiet, elegant and bland daily feelings.
It can also be seen in Song poetry, which shows a large number of daily life in which the sun rises and the moon sets, trivial and bland, and explains the subtleties from ordinary things and illuminates life. Where the Tang people thought that the materials that could not be included in poetry or were not suitable for poetry, the Song people wrote them into poetry, and often liked trivialities to do their talents. For example, Su Huangduo Yongshi, YongMo, Yong Paper, Yong Tea, Yong Food Poems, find poetry and sentiment in ordinary customs.
For a long time in the cage of the city well, I think more about the nature of the landscape and water. The Song people, who are good at flexibility, meditate and lie down, use the painting frame as a landscape, use bonsai as a garden, and walk the dragon and snake with the pen and as a heavenly open country. Kong Fuyun: "The saint often knows, the benevolent Leshan, and the good stone is the meaning of Leshan." Jiang Kui also has a poem cloud: "Qianjin bought too much lake stone, and the number of peaks is relatively cold and cuifeng". This delusion, as Li Mison said: "I don't know that I am in the hills and ravines, and the hills and ravines are in me", just like Zhuang Zhou Mengdi, I don't know that the butterfly is me, I am the butterfly?
The stone cannot speak, and the style and feelings of the literati are revealed in the quiet stone details, and they are carefully retained on the picture. At the opening and closing of the scroll, although the stone is small, it is like a cloud of smoke, and it is full of natural charm. A glimpse of the leopard is enough to imagine the Song people's pursuit of artistic style in daily life, while at the same time integrating the interests of life in art.
It's a brilliant thing to think about
Literati painters tao the law of nature, the direction of the heart, from the appreciation of stones to the stone and then painting stones, the brush strokes are longitudinal, the reference to the creation, but also under the realistic appearance, the pursuit of abstract beauty, calligraphy fun and humanistic thinking.
The mentality of the literati doctor has changed from the outside of the Tang to the introspection. The literati of the Song Dynasty had more energy and financial resources to invest in the elegant play of the literary room, and also achieved the first heyday of stone appreciation culture. Due to the perfectionism and exquisite style of the literati of the Song Dynasty, the preference for viewing stones quickly became popular in both the government and the public. They not only appreciate the strange and beautiful stones, but also collect strange and ugly stones, whether it is the thin and wrinkled Taihu stone, or the warmth and clarity of the rain stone, they all enter the aesthetic vision according to the order. The so-called "gentleman means things, but does not pay attention to things", you are not insistent, not addicted, pouring your ideal personality on the strange stone, expressing your heart, and sending a humorous feeling. Due to the comprehensive development of landscape painting, the specific painting methods of mountains and stones also tend to be comprehensive, and they are both hooked and dyed. The image of the strange stone gradually broke away from the background of the figure painting or landscape painting and became the main body or independent composition of the picture. Among them, the most representative literati painters and stone masters are Su Shi and Mi Fu.
The five-color tool of transporting ink is also the simple beauty advocated by the aesthetics of the Song Dynasty. There is a description in the "Biography of Master Li" that is quite moving: "The emperor tasted the feast in the palace and gathered the palace relatives. Concubine Wei asked privately, "What is Li Jia'er, Your Majesty is so pleased?" The Emperor: 'Without him.' But Ling Er and a hundred other people changed their makeup and wore Xuan Su, so that this baby was mixed in it, very different from itself, and its kind of humorous charm should be outside the color of the ear. That kind of "graceful and elegant rhyme" from the inside out is similar to the great beauty of the literati's ink pen "known as brilliant". Zi Yue: "After the painting." "The spirit of not applying powder but looking forward to the flow of beauty praises the elegance of simplicity and conforms to the way of all things."
Among the stone appreciation works of the Song Dynasty, the painting with Shi Feng as the theme alone is the most representative of the "Xianglong Stone Map" of Zhao Yao of the Song Huizong. His painting method inherits the style of the five generations of flower and bird painter Huang Xiao's "Huang Family Rich and Noble", using the realistic technique of exquisite carving, depicting a piece of Taihu Lake Xiushi that is like a dragon, storing a pond of water on the top of the stone to cultivate a different hui, and Zhao Biao personally wrote the word "Xianglong" on the stone, and inscribed a poem: "Pimei meanders like a dragon, and stands up to be the sole hero of Rui." "Although it is mainly based on simple ink painting, it presents the elegant and graceful temperament of the royal garden.
"Xuanhe Painting Spectrum , Narrative of Flowers and Birds" Yun: "The poet Liuyi is more knowledgeable about the names of birds, beasts, plants and trees, and at the fourth hour of the law calendar, he also remembers his glory and dryness, so the magic of painting things is more interesting than here, and the poet is in harmony with him." "The Song people are suitable for the right time to go along with the heavens and the earth, and the principle of yin and yang is rare to have both literary and artistic feelings and scientific spirit, they are both realists and idealists, in the seemingly casual elegant play, for future generations to establish the aesthetic norms of the hundred generations of standards." The surface is not alarming, the heart is brilliant.
Hu Jianjun (from Wen Wei Po)
Source: Tonight's newspaper