#史官们是怎么知道历史上的绝密事件的 #
The earliest historians in China were historians.
In Chinese history, the establishment of historical officials to record the words and deeds of the country and the emperors is a long-standing and continuous system and tradition. As early as the Xia Dynasty, historical officials had been set up in state institutions.
Although the titles and classifications of historians varied from dynasty to dynasty, they could be broadly divided into two categories: recording and compiling. When historians first appeared and for a long time in the process of development, these two categories of historians were not very different.
Later, with the development of history and the refinement of the division of labor, the special responsible for recording the history of the living and the history of the museum evolved.
Just as the so-called "left history of history, right history of history", Qi Julang, all day long with the emperor around the record, the emperor and the minister to talk to him is that he also has to stay on the side, holding a brush to quickly record their conversation.
What he recorded was not allowed to be viewed by the emperor, otherwise if the emperor could view it at any time, then history would become a flattery of the historians to the emperor of the dynasty.
Just like Tang Taizong wanted to see Chu Suiliang's record of the "Notes on Living" at that time, Chu Suiliang politely refused, and then threatened with imperial power: "If there is something bad in the fall, Qing also remembers it?" Zhu Suiliang replied without hesitation, "The subordinate position should be a pen, and I dare not remember it." Moreover, the historian did not remember it, and everyone in the world also wrote it down.
The so-called conspiracy and covert operation can be divided into three situations: First, the conspiracy and conspiracy action have not been carried out, in which case it is generally difficult for historians to know;
Second, the conspiracy and conspiracy operation attempted or were stopped, but caused a certain impact, in which case the historian is generally aware of it, and the official will also investigate, such as the Ming Dynasty's "Attack Case";
Third, if the conspiracy and conspiracy have been completed, then, it is already a fait accompli, or the coup is successful, and in this case, the historian is even clearer, such as the "Restoration of the Nangong" of the Ming Dynasty.
At such a time, when important events are discussed and the records of Qi Julang are not allowed to be circulated, at this time, the responsibility for recording the secret discussion of history is given to the minister who talks secretly with the emperor, who is responsible for recording the records, and when the content of the secret talks can be made public, the ministers will disclose them.
Of course, this does not guarantee the authenticity of the content of the secret conversation, after all, as long as the person concerned is gone, the content is not left to you to tamper with. However, future generations can still infer the secret talks at that time based on the events that occurred later.
For example, before the death of Emperor Ming of Wei, Liu Fang and Sun Zi conspired to support Sima Yi, and even forged a will to let Cao Shuang and Sima Yi assist the government, and the source of the details of this conspiracy was Sun Zi's "biography" written by Sun Zi's descendants.
"Bei Chuan" is the opposite of "Liechuan", in fact, it is the yy novel written by the descendants to help the ancestors, and although Pei Songzhi, who annotated the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", quoted Sun Zi's biography, he also lamented that what the Sun family wrote themselves was definitely unreliable.
The top secrets in history are relative, and generally after the establishment of the new dynasty, the secrets of the old dynasty are not secrets. When a dynasty is over, the new dynasty will revise the history of the former dynasty, telling the merits and demerits of the former dynasty, the ins and outs, the anecdotes of the characters, and so on.
All dynasties and generations have a history bureau, the emperor's life is recorded, and the words and deeds of ministers and officials are also recorded. The Tang Dynasty repaired the Sui Dynasty, the Song Dynasty repaired the Tang Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty repaired the Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty repaired the Yuan Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty repaired the Ming Dynasty, and the Republic of China repaired the Qing Dynasty.
This has led to the National History Museum, which specializes in compiling the history of the former dynasty, and this department is specifically responsible for compiling the history of the former dynasty, because the ancient Chinese tradition is to compile the history of the former dynasty, in addition to recording some major events that occurred in the dynasty. In fact, in the process of historical development, a complete system has been formed.
For example, in the Song Dynasty, there were the National History Academy, the Shilu Yuan, the Living Courtyard and the Calendar Institute, the Yuan Dynasty with Hanlin and the National History Academy as the main body, in the Ming Dynasty it was mainly the Hanlin Academy responsible for recording history, and in the Qing Dynasty, the Hanlin Academy was in charge of the history of the country, the management of map books and the reading of books, and the National History Museum and the Records Museum were responsible for compiling historical affairs, and the Living Records Hall was responsible for compiling living matters.
It is precisely because of this tradition of revision that we can now read a large number of history books and understand the history of the past. However, it is said that since Emperor Taizong forcibly beautified the history books in order to beautify the "Xuanwumen Change", the emperors of successive dynasties have gradually begun to read the living notes, which has led to more or less distortions in the later history.