In the previous article, we discussed Zhang Zhongjing's dialectical system of the Six Classics, which cannot be explained by the internal meridian theory of the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classics, but must be analyzed by the Eight Principles Theory. It can be said that the Six Classics are derived from the Eight Principles, and the Six Classics are developed from the basis of the Eight Principles.
Today, we will discuss together, how to use the Eight Principles to explain the Six Classics system?
I. What are the Eight Principles?
The content of the Eight Gangs can be found in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classics as early as the Yellow Emperor, and by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" had a breakthrough development, and Zhang Zhongjing applied the Eight Gangs to the Six Classics dialectical system. There are many more records of the Eight Principles, and here are a few important ones:
"Six Essentials of Medicine": There are eight dafa for curing diseases, namely yin, yang, table, cold, heat, void, and reality.
"Jingyue Quanshu": All diagnoses and treats diseases, must first examine yin and yang, which is the program of medical tao. Also: The six changers, the cold and hot in the surface.
"Medical Enlightenment": There are always all kinds of diseases, cold, heat, virtual, real, surface, inside, yin, yang and eight characters.
"Medical Sect Jinjian": The Six Classics are exhausted for typhoid fever, and the qi is different from the disease, pushing its form and hiding the original, because it is multi-ended because of the conformity. Ming water and fire are victorious over righteousness, how difficult it is to turn cold into heat, rambling changes in a thousand shapes, not outside the yin and yang surface.
It can be said that successive generations of physicians have paid special attention to the Eight Principles. The Dialectic of the Eight Principles is the general outline of various dialectical methods of Chinese medicine, including the dialectic of the internal organs, the dialectic of the Six Classics, and the dialectic of the Blood of the Weiqi Camp.
Definition of the Eight Principles: Clinicians obtain patient information according to hope and smell, and conduct inductive analysis to obtain the disease position, the pathogenesis of the disease, the strength of the body's reaction, and the comparison of the forces of good and evil, and summarize them into eight types of symptoms: yin, yang, surface, inside, cold, hot, virtual, and real.
Second, why should we use the Eight Principles to explain the theory of typhoid fever?
1. The spirit of the Eight Principles runs through the entire typhoid theory
In the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", although the words of the Eight Principles are not mentioned, the spirit of the Eight Principles can be seen everywhere, and some provisions are cited below:
Article 7: Those who are sick with fever and cold will be caused by yang, and those who have no heat and cold will be caused by yin.
Article 11: The patient is too hot, and the anti-desire is clothed, the heat is in the skin, and the cold is also in the bone marrow. The body is cold, the anti-desire is close to the clothes, the cold is in the skin, the heat is also in the bone marrow.
Article 44: Sun disease, the external evidence is not solved, can not be under, the next is reversed, want to solve the outside, it is advisable to guizhi soup
Article 56: Typhoid fever is not stool for six or seven days, and the headache is hot, with the soup of gas. Its urinary clearer, knowing that it is not in it, is still on the surface, and when it is sweaty. If you have a headache, you will be sick. Yiguizhi soup.
Article 70: After sweating, the one who is cold, the one who is vain, the one who is not cold, but the hot one, the real one, when and the stomach qi, and the stomach gas soup.
Article 91: Typhoid fever, under the treatment, continue to get the profit, Qinggu is not stopped, those who are in pain, urgently rescued; those who are in pain in the back, clear their own stools, and urgently save the table. Save the four reverse soups, save the table Yi Guizhi soup.
Article 106: Those who do not understand the outside can not yet be attacked, and should first solve the outside; those who have been solved externally, but have less abdomen and a tight knot, can be attacked, and it is advisable to bear the gas soup of the peach core.
Article 180: Yang Ming is sick, and the stomach is also.
Article 285: Less yin disease, fine pulse sinking number, the disease is in the inside, do not sweat.
……
The spirit of the Eight Principles is seen everywhere in the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", and it can be said that it runs through the entire theory of typhoid fever.
2. The Six Classics disease is the best embodiment of the Eight Principles
The six menstrual diseases are the best eight principles, and the six menstrual diseases are sun disease, Yangming disease, Shaoyang disease, Shaoyin disease, Taiyin disease and Yin disease. Below, we classify the six diseases into eight categories.
(1) Yin and Yang Classification of Six Classics Diseases:
Yang evidence: sun disease, yang ming disease and shaoyang disease
Sanyang disease belongs to yang evidence, and sanyang disease is yang. External evil invades the human body, the body function is relatively abundant, the anti-evil has in the yang part, does not fall into the yin evidence, and resists the external evil in the three positive disease positions, which shows three types of positive reaction syndrome.
Yin evidence: oligoind disease, taiyin disease and yin disease
Three yin disease belongs to the yin evidence, the three yin disease position belongs to the yin, after the external evil invades the human body, the body function is insufficient, the resistance to evil is powerless, the disease falls into the yin evidence, and the negative reaction is manifested in the three negative disease positions of shaoyin, taiyin or yin to resist the external evil.
Therefore, the three yang disease and the three yin disease are the best embodiment of yin and yang, and the six meridian diseases are divided into three yin and three yang according to the yin and yang of the eight principles.
(2) Classification of the six menstrual diseases in the table
*Evidence: Refers to the outer shell of the body composed of skin, muscles, muscles and bones, etc., including sun disease and oligosiosis.
Sun disease: the disease position is on the surface, the disease is yang, it is a pathological state in which the body is full of righteous qi, after feeling the cold and evil, resisting the evil on the body surface, manifested as a symptom of contraction and cold condensation, gathering a large amount of jin liquid on the body surface, wanting to sweat out without sweating out, representing the party is ephedra soup and guizhi soup.
For example, a young man with a strong body, after feeling the wind and cold evil qi, is prone to this kind of sun disease, the righteous qi is sufficient, the good and evil are in contention, the appearance of cold, fear of cold, strong pain in the head, high fever, pulse floating and other solar evidence.
Oligoind disease: the disease position is on the table, and the pathogenesis is yin. The human body is insufficient yang, when the wind and cold evil qi invade the human body, the inability to resist evil, the disease is easy to manifest as the yin evidence in the table, in addition to the table evidence, there may also be yang deficiency symptoms, less yin disease recovery is relatively slow, there is also a certain danger. Representative formulas are ephedra licorice soup and cinnamon stick plus stick soup.
For example, an elderly person with a relatively weak body and insufficient yang qi, if he feels the wind and cold evil qi, is particularly prone to appear in the yin evidence of the table. Due to the lack of yang in the body, in addition to being afraid of cold, runny nose, sneezing, head and body pain, there may also be a low-grade fever, the fever of less yin disease is generally low fever, and the patient's pulse is weak and weak, and the pulse of the sun disease is not the same.
*Li Zheng: The disease in which the disease is located generally refers to the digestive tract composed of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, including Yang Ming and Taiyin.
Yangming disease: the disease is in the place, and the pathogenesis belongs to the yang, real and heat evidence. The voxel is a yang real hot physique, feeling external evil, evil from heating, or with the body of the tangible real evil, wounding and consuming liquid, reacting in the gastrointestinal digestive system mainly in the inner part, manifested as stool difficulty, fever is not cold anti-malignant heat, sweating, pulse is strong, thirst, irritability and so on. It mainly includes Yangming sutra and Yangming zhen evidence, and the representative party mainly includes four categories: white tiger soup party, chengqi soup party, gardenia soup party and qianlian bai class party.
For example, a strong physique like Zhang Fei, usually yang real hot and heavy, strong physique, red face, irritability, easy to get on fire, usually easy to have what disease? Generally, it is easy to get sick from yang fever, fever is not afraid of cold, thirst, irritability, sweating, upset, pulse is strong and other yang fever evidence.
Taiyin disease: the disease is in the middle, and the pathogenesis belongs to the yin, void and cold evidence. The voxel is a yang deficiency physique, especially the spleen and yang weakness, after feeling the external evil, the evil from the cold, the spleen and yang deficiency, the symptoms of cold and wet connotation, the symptoms are manifested in the gastrointestinal digestive system, such as loose stool or thin, abdominal distension, cold pain in the abdomen, lack of thirst or thirst for hot drinks and other cold symptoms, this is taiyin disease.
For example, like Lin Daiyu's physique, the flat body is weak and weak, delicate and weak, when sick, it is not like Zhang Fei, a school of heat evidence, often showing a yang deficiency cold and wet symptoms, such as loose stool or thin, bad appetite, cold stomach pain, cold hands and feet, etc., this is Taiyin disease.
Such patients are generally more afraid of cold, cold hands and feet, stool is not formed, the tongue is light and fat, the moss is white, and the pulse is relatively weak and weak. The representative of Taiyin disease is the four reverse soup.
* Half surface half mile: the disease position in the half table half mile, generally refers to the inside of the table, inside and outside, that is, between the two large cavities of the chest and abdomen, for the place where many organs are located, if the disease and evil are concentrated in this body, it is called half a surface and half a mile, including Shaoyang disease and Yin disease.
Shaoyang disease: the position of the disease is in the half surface and a half, the disease is positive, the human body is relatively insufficient, after the illness, the part of the disease that reacts to the evil is not the surface part dominated by skin, muscles and muscles and bones, nor in the inner part dominated by the gastrointestinal system, but reflected in the chest and abdomen between the two major cavities, manifested as chest tightness, upset, bitter mouth, silent desire to eat, dizziness and other symptoms, it is half of the surface and half of the Yang evidence, that is, Shaoyang disease. The representative party of Shaoyang disease is Xiao Chai Hu Tang.
For example, a woman, during the menstrual holiday, the body is relatively insufficient qi and blood, cold, there is bitter mouth, chest tightness, a burst of cold and heat, upset and impatient, do not like to eat, poor sleep and other symptoms, accompanied by red tongue, thin yellow moss, fine pulse strings. These symptoms are not classified as manifestations on the surface of the machine, nor do they belong to the evidence of the digestive system, but belong to the half-surface and half-mile evidence, these symptoms reflect a positive symptom, and without the cold evidence, they are classified as less yang disease
Yin disease: the disease position is in the half surface and half, and the disease is negative. The human body has always been insufficient yang qi, when sick, the part of the disease reaction is not in the table, nor in the inside, but concentrated in the chest and abdomen between the two major cavities, the symptoms are cold and hot, there are chest tightness and head, ear and nose and other pores and heat evidence, such as bitter mouth, dry throat, dizziness, tinnitus, etc., and at the same time can see stool or thin, lower profit, cold hands and feet and other cold evidence, which belongs to yin disease.
Yin disease is yin evidence, but some fever can be seen, because yin disease is half a surface and half a mile, there is no way out of evil, and it is often easy to be depressed for a long time and dissolve heat. The representative of the yin disease is the dried ginger soup of chai hu gui branches.
(3) The cold and heat virtual properties of the six menstrual diseases
In the Eight Principles, the surface represents the disease position, the yin and yang represent the disease, and the disease position plus the disease nature can have a clear diagnosis of the disease. So, what are the properties of the Six Classics?
* Sanyang disease: sun disease, yangming disease and shaoyang disease
Sanyang disease, the disease position is in the table, the disease is yang. Sanyang is a disease, the body function is often relatively full, the righteous qi is strong against evil, and the symptoms are often manifested as yang real heat evidence.
* Triple Yin Disease: Oligoin disease, Taiyin disease and Yin disease
Three yin disease, the disease position is in the inside, the disease is yin. Three yin is a disease, the body's yang qi is insufficient, the body's functions are declining, the righteous qi is weak against evil, and the symptoms are often manifested as yin deficiency and cold evidence.
Therefore, sanyang disease is mostly hot and real, and sanyang disease is mostly cold and virtual.
People who are full of positive qi and yang qi are prone to fever and are often prone to three yang diseases, which is manifested as empirical heat evidence. For example, sun disease, there is fever and cold, Yang Ming disease has fever and not cold, and Shaoyang disease has cold and heat.
People with weak yang qi are prone to coldness when they get sick, and it is often easy to get three yin diseases, which is manifested as false evidence and cold evidence. For example, sanyin disease is prone to cold hands and feet, weak pulses, and even may appear to be cold evidence such as lower profits.
Zheng Qin'an said in the "True Biography of Medical Science": Medicine is not difficult to use medicine, but it is difficult to recognize symptoms. It is not difficult to recognize the disease, but it is difficult to recognize the yin and yang. From a clinical point of view, the disease position is often easy to identify, and the pathogenesis is a difficult point of dialectics. So, how should we identify yin and yang?
The cold and heat and virtual reality in the Eight Principles are often used to help us distinguish the yin and yang of diseases, especially the virtual reality, because not all diseases can clarify its cold and heat properties, while the virtual and real properties are relatively easy to determine, often through the look, smell and cut can be clear, especially tongue diagnosis and pulse diagnosis. Then, how to judge the pathogenesis of a disease through the cold and heat virtual reality, we will explore it later.
Today, we have made some simple combing of the contents of the Eight Principles in the Six Classics Dialectical System, so that everyone can more clearly understand the importance of the Eight Principles Theory to the Six Classics Dialectical System.
Zhang Zhongjing developed the Eight Principles, adding half a table and a half mile between the disease levels, so that the disease positioning was more accurate. Why join the half-table and half-mile?
The ancients said, one life two, two births three, three births of all things. Everything in the world is complex and changeable, and diseases are also ever-changing, and if you want to solve complex and changeable diseases, it is obviously insufficient to simply dichotomize diseases, and it is necessary to build a more perfect dialectical system.
Therefore, when the ancients treated diseases, they sometimes made the mistake of "not in the table, just inside". The rule of thirds, added to the half-table and half-mile, can better solve more diseases. Therefore, adding half a table and a half mile is Zhang Zhongjing's greatest contribution!