The collection of seven Song and Yuan calligraphy and paintings of Gao Huage, led by "Summer Palace Map", recently appeared in the Autumn Auction of China Guardian, which has aroused heated discussion in the academic circles and art circles.
"This 'Summer Palace Map' is very exciting and is a top national treasure. Of the five landmark works of the Northern Song Dynasty, three are in Taipei and one in the Metropolis, it is best to be collected by museums. In the 1990s, Xu Jianrong, a professor at Shanghai University, had seen this work, and he believed that the "Summer Palace Map" was a landmark work of Chinese landscape painting, which could be called the five major landscape painting milestones of the Northern Song Dynasty together with Fan Kuan's "Journey to the Creek Mountain", Guo Xi's "Early Spring Map", Li Tang's "Wind Map of Wanyuan Pine" and Dong Yuan's "Stream Bank Map" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
The seven Pieces of Song and Yuan Calligraphy and Paintings auctioned this time are all from the collection of Xie Zhiliu and Chen Peiqiu, both of whom are famous contemporary calligraphers, painters, appraisers and collectors. In the Yuan Dynasty, the calligraphers and painters Zhao Mengfu and his wife Guan Sheng were a pair of calligraphers and painters with high artistic attainments, and more than 600 years later, Xie Zhiliu Chen Peiqiu and his wife were called "contemporary Zhao Guan".
In 2005, Beijing Huachen Autumn Auction launched the "Zhao Guan Fengliu - Xie Zhiliu, Chen Peiqiu Calligraphy and Painting Boutique Special", all 44 lots on the auction were sold, with a total turnover of 30.81 million yuan, twice the total estimate, sensationalizing the market at home and abroad.
The seven Song and Yuan calligraphy and paintings of the "Gao Hua Ge Jian Cun - Xie Zhiliu Chen Peiqiu Commemorative Album" include Guo Zhongshu (biography) "Summer Palace Map", Ma Yuan (Biography) "Panasonic Playing Piano Diagram", Zhao Mengfu "Bamboo Bird Diagram", Ma Yuan "Songquan GaoshiTu", Zhao Yong", "Hanlin Diagram", anon. "Qiulin Shepherd Boy Diagram", Wang Mian (Biography) "Plum Bamboo Pine Stone Map", or have important published works, or participated in important exhibitions. Mr. Chen Peiqiu or inscription framed edge, or plutonium Tibetan seal, or inscribed by Mr. Xie Zhiliu, inscription poetry hall. These historical imprints evoke the memories of Xie Zhiliu and Chen Peiqiu, who have been collected by a generation.
Song painting masterpiece "Summer Palace Map"
In 1973, 24-year-old Xu Jianrong, through the introduction of his teacher Yao Youxin, met a group of painting seniors in Shanghai, including Xie Zhiliu and Chen Peiqiu.
He often visited the second elder, and after being admitted to the Zhejiang dollar graduate school, he studied and studied under the two gentlemen. Xu Jianrong has seen many of the collections in their home, including the "Summer Palace Map".
"The 'Summer Palace Map' was collected by Mr. Chen Peiqiu when she was young, and she studied at the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts at the beginning of the liberation, and when she was free, she and Huang Binhong went to the antique market to see it and bought it, and after buying it back, Elder Xie looked at it and said: 'This is a good work.'"
Wu Dare, a professor at the China Academy of Art and an expert in ancient calligraphy and painting, knows Mr. Chen Peiqiu, and is also related to the "Summer Palace Map". In 2004, he went to visit Chen Peiqiu and saw for the first time the original large reproduction of the "Summer Palace Map", "This painting was very impressive to me, I think it is the highest artistic standard among the boundary paintings I have seen at that time." "The painting of the Two Song Dynasties is the peak of the history of Chinese painting, and the boundary painting is a special category in Chinese painting, and the painter uses the technique of the boundary brush to draw lines with a straight ruler to make the architectural shape in the picture more accurate and neat.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this painting was stored in the Shanghai Museum, and was compiled into the "Paintings collected by the China Museum and the Shanghai Museum Collection" published by the People's Fine Arts Publishing House in 1959, which was then named "Song Anon. In 1979, Xie Zhiliu wrote the "Afterword to the Reading of Paintings in the Shanghai Museum", specifically interpreting the "Summer Palace Map": "What needs to be specially proposed is the fifth picture of the Song Dynasty", "Xishan Lou Guantu", which qing Fangjunyi's "Dream Garden Calligraphy and Painting Record" said that it was Tang Wangwei's brush, obviously raising its year far, but it would not be too far away from the Tang Dynasty, at least the brush of the early Northern Song Dynasty. In the early 1980s, the painting was returned to Chen Peiqiu. In 2003, the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House published "Compilation I of Ancient Paintings", and this painting was written as "Five Dynasties Guo Zhongshu Summer Palace Map".
When studying the "Summer Palace Map", the art historian Tang Zheming believes that this painting belongs to the panoramic composition, and the pen is extremely smooth, close to the Zhejiang school and Tang Yin. However, from the perspective of the simplicity of the shape and the clumsiness of the pen, it is an authentic Northern Song painting method, and the ink method of the layered baking and dyeing structure is the ancient rhyme of Song painting.
Among the existing paintings, similar to this painting, one is guo Zhongshu's "Ming Emperor Summer Palace Map" passed down by the Osaka Municipal Museum of Art in Japan, and the other is the "Hanyuan Map" by Li Rongjin, a yuan of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
Although the "Summer Palace Map" did not have an author's payment, Xu Jianrong and other scholars speculated that It should be Guo Zhongshu who was created in the early Northern Song Dynasty, "The palace pavilions painted by Wang Zhenpeng and Li Rongjin in the Yuan Dynasty were all studied by Guo Zhongshu, and on this "Summer Palace Map", Mr. Chen Peiqiu also saw that there was a seal of The Song Huizong and the "Tianxia" used a painting, which proved that this was undoubtedly a Northern Song painting. ”
A generation of collectors who have identified a large number of calligraphy and paintings for The Bo
Xu Jianrong, who has authored "Xie Zhiliu's Academic Art Research Anthology", said that the collection of Xie Zhiliu and his wife is different from the collection of Zhang Boju and Pang Laichen, "They do not collect for the sake of collecting, but collect for their own painting practice." ”
"Elder Xie looks at painting based on the experience gained in painting practice for a long time, sees how to use the pen, and obtains an understanding of everyone's style of the times and the style of pen and ink." Xu Jianrong believes that the reason why the two calligraphers and painters identified and collected Tang and Song paintings was to better study, "They achieved high achievements in Song painting very early on, which is inseparable from their borrowing and collection of original works." ”
Born in 1910, Xie Zhiliu initially studied under Chen Hongshou and then went to Dunhuang with Zhang Daqian to study murals. When Chen Peiqiu studied painting at the National Art College, she was often guided by Huang Binhong, and this influence continued until her later years.
"Their foundation in Chinese studies, kung fu that they can write well, and poetry cultivation all have quite high attainments." The gentlemen also have a very comprehensive grasp of the history of calligraphy and painting and the understanding of calligraphers and painters. Wu Min said that in her later years, Chen Peiqiu was always obsessed with calligraphy and painting, and when she talked about calligraphy and painting, she was in good spirits, and she could talk late, as if she had absorbed the spirit from calligraphy and painting.
In the 1960s and 1980s, Xie Zhiliu twice participated in the national ancient calligraphy and painting tour appraisal, and as the leader of the appraisal team, he led the team throughout various provinces in China to conduct a comprehensive appraisal of all first-class and second-class products. His works such as "Jianyu Miscellaneous Manuscripts" and "Dunhuang Stone Chamber" are the appraisal and research results of ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting and Dunhuang grottoes at that time.
After the establishment of the Shanghai Museum, a large number of ancient calligraphy and paintings were identified by Mr. Xie Zhiliu and entered into the collection, including the treasure of the town museum, Wang Xizhi's "Shangyu Thesis", as well as Xu Xi's "Snow Bamboo Map" and Wang Jinqing's "Yanjiang Stacked Mountains" and other famous works.
Gu Xiangyu, former deputy director of the Shanghai Museum, recalled that among the 140,000 collections of the Shanghai Museum, more than 20,000 pieces of calligraphy and paintings of the highest level and the highest level in China were collected and appraised with Xie Zhiliu as the core. Most memorably, he also sold paintings in the early days of the construction of the new Shanghai Museum to raise a sum of money for the museum. ”
In 1992, the Shanghai Municipal Government decided to build a new Shanghai Museum in People's Square. Xie Zhiliu contacted Mr. Mishima Murakami, a Japanese calligrapher, to discuss using their respective works to contribute to the new museum. Mr. Mishima Murakami wrote 30 characters, an album, a poem and a calligraphy, Xie Lao painted 30 albums, and in the end, 60 works sold in Japan for 300,000 US dollars, all donated to the Shanghai Museum.
Xie Died on June 1, 1997, at the age of 87. Chen Peiqiu passed away on June 26, 2020, at the age of 98.