The issue of party struggle at the end of the Ming Dynasty was very complicated, and it was not easy to sort it out clearly, so today I would like to talk to you about the origin of the enmity between the Xuan Party and the Donglin Party, the "Jingcha Case."
The word "Xuan" in Xuandang refers to Xuanzhou in Anhui, which is the hometown of founder Tang Binyin. Xuanzhou is also called Xuancheng, so Tang Binyin, the leader of the Xuan party, is often called Tang Xuancheng by others. Judging from the naming, it should not be difficult for you to see that the Xuandang was one of the factions in the late Ming Dynasty with very strong regional characteristics, and mainly represented the interests of the scholar-doctor class in the Jianghuai area.
Tang Binyin, the founder of xuandang, should be regarded as a very powerful reader, and was deeply appreciated by the Wanli Emperor. In order to strengthen his own power, Tang Binyin used his power, prestige, and literary talent to recruit disciples, most of whom were in the Jianghuai area, so there was the xuandang force.
The main backbone of the Xuan Party is Tang Binyin, followed by his proud protégé Han Jing, and the other members are not very famous. It is precisely because of this that the story of the propaganda party is easier to tell. The time of their rise to power is about twenty years, mainly the time of the middle of the Wanli calendar.
After that, except for Han Jing coming out to toss it, there is no other story to tell.
The loss of power of the Xuan Party is mainly related to the Donglin Party, and the "Jingcha Case" is a watershed.
Although the issue of party strife during the Wanli period is not light, everyone has some default rules. The first is to exclude and exclude, but will not put the battle of life and death on the table; the second is to pull gangs and factions to install their own people into the DPRK as officials, or they must first get the "tickets", that is, to pass the imperial examination.
Tang Binyin is a very ambitious person who has been committed to strengthening the Xuan Dang. Unfortunately, his protégés were not very angry, and they could not even get the "ticket". This was painful for Tang Binyin, and without a protégé entering the dynasty as an official, he could only fight alone.
As a result, Tang Binyin was anxious and began to play a crooked idea. In the thirty-eighth year of the Wanli Calendar, Tang Binyin's proud protégé Han Jing just happened to participate, but unfortunately the strength was not good, and the examination paper did not win the favor of the examiner.
At this time, Tang Binyin made a riotous operation, illegally running to the room of other examiners to search for Han Jing's examination papers, and then exchanging them with the examination papers in other examiners' rooms. But obviously Tang Binyin was not smart enough, and changed the test papers of eighteen candidates in one breath, but left a lot of clues and flaws.
At first, as he expected, han jing, a student, was forcibly pushed into the yuan by him, but because there were too many loopholes, it quickly attracted the attention of the Donglin party. As a result, when he found out that there was really cheating, he immediately reported Tang Binyin. It is reasonable to say that cheating in the field is a capital offense, but at that time, the Donglin Party and the Wanli Emperor still left him alive, but only dismissed him and dealt with it.
Of course, there was another interpretation of this matter, because at that time, the Zhejiang Party and the Xuandang Allied, tried their best to shield Tang Binyin and Han Jing's masters and apprentices, so the sword took the opposite approach and insisted that the eighteen candidates were guilty of the same crime. These eighteen candidates came from many factions and were more involved, so each faction came out to fish for people. The Donglin Party was no exception, sending Sun Shenxing out to defend these candidates. Therefore, in the end, the various factions reached a consensus, only to punish Tang Binyin for dismissing the official, and did not investigate deeply.
Because Tang Binyin's own job was Jingcha, responsible for assessing the officials of the capital, this case was called the "Jingcha case".
As for Tang Binyin's student Han Jing, he was not exempted from office, and it was obvious that his teacher Tang Binyin helped him bear everything. However, at that time, in addition to the Donglin Party, officials of the Zhejiang, Qi, Chu, Kun, Qin and other factions despised this kind of unspoken rule-breaking behavior and unanimously excluded Han Jing. Han Jing was very uncomfortable and resigned after a few years of being an official. There are no representative figures in the DPRK and China, and the Xuan Party has lost its position as a result.
After the "Jingcha case", Tang Binyin and Han Jing's teachers and students performed differently.
On the one hand, Tang Binyin no longer wanted to make a comeback, but instead worked hard to write books and teach disciples; on the other hand, he was still very concerned about the politics of the dynasty and ran for the future of Xuan Dang's disciples and even Daming. Tang Binyin is a more complex person, and his character is not good, but there are also positive aspects. For example, he pays great attention to border defense issues and actively supports Xiong Tingbi. It is well known that Xiong Tingbi has always been strongly supported by Yang Lian, and some moderate Donglin Party members have endorsed him. Although the Xuan Party and the Donglin Party were sworn enemies, in the early stage they still attached importance to the overall situation, which was very different from the situation in which the issue of party struggle became opposition for the sake of opposition.
Later, Xiong Tingbi was besieged by the castrated party forces after the Battle of Quang Ninh, and Tang Binyin, like some of the Donglin Party, launched his own relationship efforts to rescue him. However, the Red Pill case in the first year of Taichang has long pushed the issue of party strife to the situation of life and death, and non-Donglin party forces such as Zhejiang Qikun and other factions have to put Xiong Tingbi to death, in addition to the rising castration party forces. At that time, Yang Lian and others had been framed and imprisoned by the castration party, the Donglin party was busy rescuing Wang Huazhen, and Tang Binyin's Xuan Party had previously lost power because of the "Jingcha case", and it was obvious that its influence was too small.
As for Han Jing, he has always had a deep grudge against the Donglin Party. When he saw the rise of the castration party, constantly absorbing Qi Chu, Zhejiang, Kun and other factions, and attacking the Donglin Party, he immediately became interested and ran to tie wei Zhongxian. Because of Han Jing, many of his classmates were attached to the castration party, and xuan dang also became part of the castration party.
This Han Jing is also particularly funny, imitating the "Water Margin" to produce a "Record of The Generals of donglin points", in which one hundred and eight donglin party members correspond to the one hundred and eight generals of Liangshan Po. For example, Ye Xianggao corresponds to Song Jiang, Zhao Nanxing corresponds to Lu Junyi, Miao Changqi corresponds to Wu Yong, Gao Panlong corresponds to Gongsun Sheng, Wei Dazhong corresponds to Li Kui, Yang Lian corresponds to Guan Sheng, Zuo Guangdou corresponds to Lin Chong, Li Yingsheng corresponds to Hua Rong, Ruan Dacheng corresponds to Mu Hong, Sun Shenxing corresponds to Cai Qing, Wang Wenyan corresponds to Shi Qian, Sun Chengzong corresponds to Zou Yuan, Qian Qianyi corresponds to Yan Qing, and so on.
It seems that this Han Jing is quite suitable for writing novels, and being an official is a condescending talent. (However, Han Jing's calligraphy is still good, you can see the picture below.) ）
When Wang Shaohui presented Han Jing's Records of the Eastern Forest Points to Wei Zhongxian, he was very happy. As we all know, Wei Zhongxian was originally a small, and the names of most of the Donglin Party officials were not clear, and this book could make him die a lot less brain cells. Wei Zhongxian praised the two of them for their talents, so he reused them.
However, Tang Binyin remained obscure when the castration party gained power and did not join the fierce party struggle. It is precisely because of this that after Chongzhen came to power, he was also ready to use him. It's just that Tang Binyin is too old to die before he can take office. His student Han Jing had been attached to the castration party, and without the protection of his mentor, he naturally had to face the liquidation of the Donglin party alone.
It seems that Tang Binyin, a teacher, knows better how to advance and retreat, and his student Han Jing is far behind.