Author: Xiao Huang
Medaka, a large family in the order Afherinoformes, is a family of hundreds of oviparous top-swimming mino fish in the medaka family, broadly speaking, including oviparous medaka and oviparous medaka. In English, Killifish refers only to the species of the oviparous silverfish in the family Dental carp. Medaka adapts to the water temperature environment of 18 ~ 26 ° C, generally should not exceed 30 ° C, although some species can tolerate high temperatures close to 40 ° C, but too high temperatures will lead to shortened life span and humpback disease and other problems
Medaka is found in swampy streams in North and South America and Africa, and is found in small quantities in Asia and Europe. The factor that small streams are prone to drying up can cause many geographical isolations, vicissitudes of mulberry fields, and different species have emerged
Medaka is divided into annual medaka and non-annual medaka, they are petite and exquisite, the male fish are aggressive, the pattern is rich, especially beautiful, and the female fish are generally simple and unpretentious. Most medaka are suitable for stable and clean water quality with neutral or weak acidity, only medaka in Lake Bombanyika in East Africa require water quality with a pH of 7 to 8.5
Most of the medaka are brightly colored and mainly eat live bait, which is difficult to raise
The fish introduced below are suitable for fish tank types: land and water tank, rainforest tank, aquatic plant landscape tank, native tank, ordinary fish tank
1. Zebra queen medaka
Medaka family: Zebra queen medaka, native to the Republic of Gabon in West Africa and the Republic of the Congo. Very rare West African lamp-eyed medaka, a low-temperature cold-water fish, typical of heat-afraid fish, evenly distributed on the side of the body of several zebra-like longitudinal fine lines, mostly bred and bred by Germany after entering China
Living environment: Neutral
Morphological series: Medaka
Maximum length: 6cm
Shape classification: fusiform
Color classification: Pink_Blue
Active area: Medium to upper
Feeding difficulty: Difficult
Temperament: Mild
Suitable temperature: 21 °C± 3 °C
PH range: 6.8±0.3 (PH)
Hardness range: 9±4 (DH)
Food feed: omnivorous
2. Pink Lady Medaka
False gillgids: Pink lady medaka, native to Tanzania, Africa. The color is orange-red as the base, the scales shine with a beautiful metallic bright blue, the pectoral fin, fin and tail fin are bright red, and the eye frame is a moving aqua blue, which has become one of the biggest features of its unique temperament. People see people love
Living environment: weak acid
Color classification: Orange_Blue
Temperament: Unknown
Suitable temperature: 26 °C± 2 °C
Acid-base range: 6.6±0.3 (PH)
Hardness range: 6±4 (DH)
Food feed: small live bait
Breeding method: peat soil as the spawning medium, eggs need to pass the drying period before hatching, the drying period is about 10-12 weeks. The newly hatched small fish have a small caliber, and in addition to the shrimp fry commonly used in the harvest year, they can be fed with smaller live baits such as micro-worms and grasshoppers
3. Gong's red round-tailed medaka
False gill: Gon's red round-tailed medaka, native to Tanzania and Kenya in eastern Africa. The common GUE medaka, which has a large red tail fin, is named after it and is often used by various countries as one of the fish species for controlling vector mosquitoes
Color classification: Red_Blue
Feeding difficulty: Easier
Suitable temperature: 25 °C± 3 °C
PH range: 6.5±0.3 (PH)
Hardness range: 7±4 (DH)
Breeding method: oviparous, with peat soil as its spawning medium, the eggs need to be dried to hatch, and the drying period is about 6-8 weeks. Juvenile fish are too small and should be fed with microorganisms first
4. Sherry flag medaka
False gillgids: Sherry flag medaka, native to tropical west Africa. The body shape is similar to that of harp tailfish, the tail fin is slightly longer and wider, but it is not forked, the upper and lower leaf ends are not extended, the pattern is very special, the body color tone will change with the environment, and the color is very beautiful
Hardness range: 6±3 (DH)
Lifespan: 3
Male and female differentiation: males have orange bands on the tail fin and fin, and the estrus period is more beautiful. The females are not as colorful as the males. The male has a tail fin with an orange band on the fin
Breeding method: oviparous
5. Second-line blue-eyed lamp medaka
Medaka monolithidae: Second-line blue-eyed medaka, native to Nigeria and Cameroon, Africa. Males are particularly beautiful, especially in darker environments, and their eyes reflect a brilliant light like stars
Maximum length: 4cm
Color classification: yellow_blue
Temperament: Group travel_ mild
Suitable temperature: 24 °C±4 °C
Acid-base range: 7±0.4 (PH)
Hardness range: 8±4 (DH)
Male and female: Males are brightly colored, with larger dorsal and fins
Breeding method: oviparous, can be aquatic grass or wool bundle as its spawning bed
6. Foll's red round-tailed medaka
Pseudogillidae: Fowl red round-tailed medaka, native to Tanzania, Africa. It is an introductory species with the Gong's round-tailed medaka, and the blue and yellow hair color on the side of the body contrasts sharply with the red color of the tail fin
Color classification: blue_red
Lifetime: 2
7. Medaka
Macrognaceridae: Medaka, native to Asia, China, Japan, and Korea. It is a small freshwater ornamental fish breed cultivated by wild medaka through selection, hybridization and purification. The group tour grabs the food effect is first-class, and it can be used as eucalyptus decoration to add vitality, and the courtyard pool landscaping can be used to decorate nature
Color Classification: Blue_Silver
Active area: Upper floor
Suitable temperature: 22 °C±6 °C
8. Medaka
Falteridae: Medaka, native to streams or swamps in the rainforests of Liberia, Africa. Petite body, bright color and coordinated beauty, the grass tank is particularly prominent, after turning off the lights at night, it can emit a strong green fluorescence, such as a little starlight, brilliant and dazzling, the brake is beautiful, but it is more difficult to raise, the price is more expensive, suitable for medaka enthusiasts with certain experience
Shape classification: s-fusiform
Color classification: yellow_black
Temperament: Group travel
PH Range: 6.4±0.3(PH)
Hardness range: 5±3 (DH)
Breeding method: A bundle of wool tied with a cork can be used as its spawning medium
9. Double-banded lyretail medaka
Eeliaceae: Double-banded lyretail medaka native to the waters of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon in West Africa. The temperament is lively, the male is bright in color, the abdomen, dorsal fin, fin, and tail fin are all distributed with orange luster, and there are two dotted horizontal stripes on the side of the body, hence the name
Maximum length: 5cm
Feeding Difficulty: Medium
Suitable temperature: 24 °C± 3 °C
10. Gordii red round-tailed medaka
False gillgill family: Gold's red round-tailed medaka, native to Tanzania, eastern Africa. The body of the fish is bright red, the large scales are well-defined, and the male fish has a beautiful pastel color like the blue of the sky on the side of the fin
Temperament: Aggressive_ lively
Suitable temperature: 24 °C± 2 °C
Breeding method: The male will energetically show love to the female, and the best way to match the broodstock is one male and three females
11. Black Baby Medaka
Pseudogillidae: Black baby medaka, native to Kenya and Somalia in eastern Africa. Like the flowing blood of the bright red tail fin, like a noble lady's big red fan, the body black and white contrasting strong pattern, extremely grabbed, making it called the focus of the stars in the fish tank
Color classification: Red_Black
Temperament: Aggressive
Suitable temperature: 26 °C± 3 °C
Breeding method: it is a typical annual medaka, suitable for the use of peat soil as a medium for its spawning, stable nutritional status and sufficient maturity of breeding fish, coupled with regular egg harvesting, can make its spawning capacity of up to ten or more a week. In addition, the breeding of small fish is not difficult, and it is not difficult to prepare suitable bait and successfully breed a large number of baby fish
12. Golden medaka
Single-lip medaka family: Golden medaka, native to Asia, India, Sri Lanka. The shiny gold color is very cute, good at bouncing, and will jump out of the water to catch mosquitoes. It is a small and medium-sized medaka species favored by aquarists. The mouth doesn't look flat, but it can actually open in a square shape, so it's not uncommon for the golden medaka to swallow traffic lights
Living environment: soda
Maximum length: 10cm
Color classification: yellow_green
Temperament: Aggressive_jumping
Suitable temperature: 25 °C±4 °C
Acid-base range: 7±0.3 (PH)
Hardness range: 10±4 (DH)
Male and female differentiation: After adult fish, the upper and lower edges of the tail fin of the male fish have red, and the whole body shines with golden yellow light, which is dazzling
13. Gilad medaka
Medaka family: Gilad medaka, native to Cuba in North America. The body color is very special, with a lemon yellowish hue, the strong male is more intense, the fin evolves into a very developed tailpartite, and will occasionally follow the female, extending the tailpart to the female's cloaca for mating
Color classification: black_yellow
Temperament: lively_ mild
PH range: 7.2±0.3 (PH)
Male-female differentiation: Females have no tailcropping vessels, and the individual is significantly larger
Breeding method: oviparous
14. Basket color medaka
Pseudogillidae: Basket medaka, native to Nigeria, Africa. The body surface is scattered with red markings, and the dorsal, and caudal fins are embedded with beautiful yellow and red edges, which are very eye-catching in the aquarium. Different regional surface patterns also have different variations, each of which is endlessly charming
Temperament: Territory
15. Black Mary Fish
Medaka family: Black Mary fish, native to Mexico, North America. The fish body is fusiform, the male and female are all matte black, which is relatively rare among fish, very special, unique, artificial variants bred by the hybridization of dry high-fin Mary fish, the whole body is black and shiny, and it is lovely
Maximum length: 7cm
Color classification: black
PH range: 7.3±0.3 (PH)
Male-female differentiation: there is little difference between male and female, the fin is slightly different, the male is slightly larger, and the dorsal fin has a yellow edge
Breeding method: oviparous. Sexual maturity is 5 months, and the breeding cycle is about 35 days. Juveniles can be fed fresh food such as small fleas
16. Swordtail
Medaka family: Swordtail fish, native to Mexico and Guatemala in North America. It is easy to hybridize and mutate to produce new varieties, commonly including red sword, yellow sword, white sword, black fin red sword, black fin white sword, Mandarin duck sword and so on. The fin-shaped caudal fins and upper and lower lobes are elongated like swords, and the dorsal fins and caudal fins are long
Suitable temperature: 23 °C± 3 °C
Hardness range: 10±6 (DH)
Food feed: omnivorous_oil film
Male and female differentiation: swordfish are sexually mature at 6-8 months of age, males and females are easy to distinguish, females are not as bright as males in color, and have no sword tails. The outer edge of the tail fin of the female is curved, without a sword tail, and is more hypertrophied than the male. Males have sharper fins and have elongated sword-like tail fins, even longer than their body length
Breeding method: oviparous birth, the ratio of male and female broodstock is 5:1, mature broodstock in the temperature is suitable, bait, excellent environment conditions, breeding every 4-5 weeks, each time the spawning fish 20-30, more than nearly 100. Suitable breeding water hardness 6-9 degrees, hydrogen ion concentration 63.09-100nmol/L, PH7-7.2
17. Peacock fish
Medaka family: Peacock fish, native to South And North America. The representative fish species of the egg fetus, the male fish color is colorful, lively and cute, because it resembles the peacock's extremely beautiful flower tail and named, with the artificial continuous breeding and screening, the variety of flower color is also ever-changing, breeding and water quality adaptability is strong, standard novice fish
Color classification: Color
Feeding difficulty: Easy
PH range: 7.2±0.4(PH)
Hardness range: 12.5±2.5 (DH)
Male and female differentiation: The size and color of male and female fish vary greatly. The male is small, 3-4 cm long, with a brilliant and colorful body color, a rich and colorful tail fin pattern and color, and a metallic luster. The female is about 5-6 cm long, each fin is short, and the color is simple and monotonous
18. Blue electric light medaka
Single-lipped medaka family: Blue electric light medaka, native to Lake Huokou, Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyk, Lake Edward and Lake Keanu in eastern Africa. It is a small oviparous medaka species, the bright body color and yellow fins are intertwined, and the blue light of the eyes is not as strong as the blue eye lamp, which is very suitable for polyculture with benthic fish and fish swimming in the middle waters
Pattern series: easier
Temperament habits: lively_ group travel
PH Range: 7.4±0.4 (PH)
Hardness range: 10±5 (DH)
19. Black pearl medaka
Medaka family: Black pearl medaka, native to Argentina, South America. The dark brown black body of the fish is scattered with countless fluorescent blue spots, these bright blue spots, like pearls scattered on the Pampas, the fin is slightly blue, beautiful and unique
Shape classification: Ellipse
Color classification: brown_blue
Active area: Middle level
PH range: 6.2±0.2 (PH)
Food feed: live bait
Male-female differentiation: Males are brightly colored, darkened, and appear in colored spots during breeding
Breeding method: Oviparous, mature broodstock are placed in fish tanks covered with peat soil and sunken wood. PH6.0, hardness 1-4dH, temperature 20-22 °C. The females lay their eggs in peat soil, at which point the males and females are fished out. The peat soil containing the fish eggs is dried and left for 3-4 months, then placed in a soft water tank and hatched in a dark place, the peat soil is 1.3-2.5 cm from the water surface. Dried roe can be stored for 3 months to two years or more
20. Pointed-billed flounder
Medaka family: Sharp-billed flounder, native to North America. It is the largest species of Medaka family, aggressive, completely fish-eating, and very rare in Medaka family fish
Living environment: weak alkali
Maximum length: 15cm
Shape classification: Bars
Color classification: yellow_silver
Temperament: Eat fish _ fierce
Suitable temperature: 27 °C± 3 °C
PH Range: 7.5±0.4(PH)
Hardness range: 12±4 (DH)
Male and female: The female is almost 1 times longer than the male, and the fin is redder in color
Breeding method: egg fetus, reproduction is relatively easy, broodstock can directly produce larger juvenile fish
21. Sapphire lyretail medaka
Pseudogills: Sapphire lyretail medaka, native to the freshwater basins of Cameroon, Africa. The shark-like dorsal fin, changing color, and gentle personality can be said to be one of the representatives of the high-end African perennial small medaka. Although beautiful, it is difficult to raise, and newcomers need to be cautious
PH range: 6.7±0.3 (PH)
22. Blue elf medaka
False gillgid family: Blue elven medaka, native to the lower reaches of the Rufigi River Basin in Tanzania, east Africa. It is a very popular genus N medaka species, wild species are more rare, but a variety of improved artificial strains are more accepted by the market, and it is also one of the introductory medaka species
Temperament: Aggressive_ fierce
Breeding method: oviparous, with peat soil as its spawning medium, the eggs need to be dried to hatch, and the drying period is about 6-8 weeks. The caliber of the newly hatched small fish is small, in addition to the shrimp fry in the harvest year, it may be necessary to choose other smaller raw bait to feed, such as grasshoppers, micro-worms, etc., so as to avoid the phenomenon of small fish biting and eating each other because they are not enough to eat
23. Green Elf Medaka
Pseudogills: Green elf medaka, native to Tanzania, Africa. It is relatively rare on the market, the morphology is different from other species of medaka family, the head is like a torpedo, the body is wider, and the green pattern of the fish body will turn blue due to light removal
Color classification: green_brown
PH range: 7.2±0.2 (PH)
Hardness range: 10±3 (DH)
Male and female differentiation: It is more difficult for young fish to distinguish between male and female
Breeding method: oviparous, reproduction is more difficult. Using peat soil as its spawning medium, one pair or one male and three females are bred in a 12-liter tank set with peat. After about 14 days of egg harvesting, 1.3 mm of eggs can be seen. Let the peat dry for about 24 hours and incubate at a temperature between 21 °C-24 °C for about 3 months
24. Peony fish
Medaka family: Peony fish, native to Mexico, Guatemala and other river basins in North America. It can hybridize with moonlight fish and swordtail fish. If you have kept peony fish, you will find the difference between it and moonlight, which is wider and thinner than peony
Color classification: Red_Yellow
Male and female differentiation: During breeding, the male's body color will gradually become darker and brighter, and the fin will evolve into a vas deferens. The female has an enlarged abdomen and a lighter body color than the male
Breeding method: oviparous birth, sexual maturity at 5-6 months of age, mature female and male fish in the same tank to reproduce on their own. The propagation water temperature is 25-26 ° C, and the hardness is about 9-10 degrees. A female can lay 30-40 fry. If you do not worry about skewers, just group breeding, found that the female fish abdomen is expanded, the anus appears large black spots as a sign of childbirth, fish out of the single breeding. The females are removed after they are born, and the small fish are fed the smallest pellets
25. Colorful rice field fish
Macrognacchia: Colorful rice paddy fish, native to Sulavesi, Indonesia, Asia. The rice field fish species, which was only discovered in 2010, is arguably the most beautiful rice field fish in the world today. They are covered with bright blue scales, and their jaws are outlined along the abdomen, buttocks to the tail fin, all of which outline distinct blood-red lines, and with two constantly inciting fiery red pectoral fins, they are the most dazzling fairies in the water
Maximum length: 3cm
PH range: 6.5±0.5 (PH)
26. American Sailfish
Medaka family: American sailfish, native to Florida, North America. It is covered with star stripes, which resemble the star stripes of the American flag, hence the name
Color classification: Orange_Yellow
Male and female differentiation: males in the mature reproductive stage have bright body colors, and males in the estrus stage have scattered star stripes on their bodies. Females are darker in color and have a wide, fat belly
Breeding method: oviparous, spawning box should have aquatic weeds, sand grains and aeration equipment. Females continue to ovulate for 6-7 days, ranging from 10-20 grains per day. The female is then fished out, leaving the male, who is extremely protective of the offspring. About 1 week, the baby fish broke through the membrane one after another
27. Neon second-line medaka
Pseudogillidae: Neon gill, native to the freshwater basins of southwestern Cameroon, Africa and southeastern Nigeria. It is a very easy to raise dream medaka species, not only the appearance of the sky, but also a small number of mild temperament can be grouped medaka species, but also is a perennial, very suitable for newcomers to raise
Maximum length: 5.5cm
Color classification: yellow_purple
Male and female: male fish length 5.5 cm, female fish 4 cm
Breeding method: can be bred in groups, the female produces 1-2 grains a day in the early stage, and 4-8 grains in the middle stage. Fish eggs can be collected using boiled clean wool and collected once every 2-3 days. It can be stored in dry peat soil with a dormancy period of 15-20 days at 24-26 °C. The eggs are then poured into an incubator and hatched for about a week. Fry can be fished into the feeder immediately after swimming and fed after 8-10 hours
28. Colorful pearl medaka
Medaka family: Colorful pearl medaka, native to the San Francisco River Basin in South America, Brazil. Classified by the IUCN as a vulnerable conservation animal
Maximum length: 4.5c
Color classification: white_orange
Active area: Lower middle
PH range: 6.3±0.2 (PH)
29. Blue pearl medaka
Medaka family: Blue pearl medaka, native to Lake Tanganyik in Africa. The blue pearl medaka, also known as the TGN medaka, is the only species of fish in Lake Tanganyik
Color classification: Blue_Yellow
Feeding difficulty: z Medium
Temperament: Lively
Suitable temperature: 25 °C± 2 °C
PH range: 7.5±0.3 (PH)
Hardness range: 14±4 (DH)
30. Jasmine medaka
Medaka family: Jasmine medaka, native to the North American state of North Carolina, USA, to the Fair Point Basin in The Mexican state of Ferac. The dorsal fin of the male fish occupies a large proportion of the area, and can be raised as high as a sail, the popularity is very high around the world, and there are a variety of artificially improved varieties, is a beautiful large oviparous flower medaka moonlight species
Maximum length: 14cm
Color classification: yellow_brown
Suitable temperature: 24 °C± 5 °C
PH range: 7.2±0.5 (PH)
Male and female: The male has a large sail-like dorsal fin, and the female has a large rounded protrusion on the abdomen and a black spot on the posterior end of the abdomen
Breeding method: Oviparous medaka species, usually bred once every 35-40 days, generally do not need special care when littering. The breeding water temperature is about 26 ° C, the male and female broodstock are placed in a fish tank with dense aquatic grass in a 1:2 ratio, and when the female's abdomen is expanded, the male fish is fished out, and each female gives birth to 30-50 litters each time. After the hatchlings are produced, they can swim and feed. Broodstock are removed from the broodstock for rearing after childbirth to avoid swallowing juveniles
31. Pretty baby medaka
Pseudogills: Pretty baby medaka, native to Mozambique in southern Africa. Unique, the brightest star in the medaka family, the male fish is exceptionally bright in color, dazzling like a jewel in the water, it can be said to be deserved, it is one of the most beautiful tropical fish species in the world
Feeding difficulty: Difficult
Male and female differentiation: The male fish is brightly colored during breeding, and the female fish is light in color
Breeding method: Reproduction is more difficult, it is an aquatic grass oviparous fish, and it is currently the most well-known one-year oviparous medaka. The female lays 50-100 eggs at a time, and it takes about 7 days to spawn
32. Lyretail flag medaka
Pseudogills: Lyretail flag medaka, native to the marshy areas of Gabon, West Africa, and along the Congo coast. The body is beautiful orange-red, the slender and slender body is colorful, and the tail of the ancient harp makes it beautiful. Under the artificial improvement and cultivation, there have been great changes between individuals, including gold type and chocolate type
Color classification: orange_pink
Temperament: Fierce
Male and female differentiation: Wild males have a dark brown body color, the outer edge of the dorsal fin and anal fin is orange-red, the color is more beautiful and bright, and the fin end is more pointed. Females are monotonous in color and have short, rounded fins
Breeding method: reproduction is more difficult, belongs to aquatic grass oviparous fish, breeding water temperature of 26-27 ° C weak acidic water, female fish spawning time is longer, about 7-10 days. The fertilized eggs take 12-14 days to hatch the juveniles, during which they are lighted and ventilated
33. Five medaka
Pseudogillidae: Five medaka, native to the waters of Sierra Leone, Ghana, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire and other countries in west Africa. The morphology and pattern of the relatively special perennial medaka species, some like the Fighting Fish series of Ann's ctenophores, the body of the fish is yellowish brown, the head has a black stripe extending from the end of the snout to the underside, the abdomen has four longitudinal black stripes, each fin is light yellow transparent, and the fin and caudal fin have black stripes on the edges
PH range: 6.3±0.3 (PH)
Breeding method: about 5 months to reach sexual maturity, the female spawns on aquatic grasses or their roots near the water surface, and hatches in about 1-2 weeks
34. Swallow medaka
Medaka family: Swallow medaka, native to South America. The longest-lived medaka species is named because of its dorsal fin, ventral fin, and tail fin, which resemble a swallow flying sideways
Breeding method: the female produces 5-20 grains a week, the fertilization rate is 50-70%, the eggs are dormant for 6-15 months, the incubation temperature is 24-26 ° C, 22-26 degrees
35. Tridrong-tailed medaka
Pseudogills: Trident-tailed medaka, native to Nigeria and Cameroon, Africa. Large medaka species, known to everyone in the medaka world, mature male tail fin pulls out an exaggerated trident-shaped tail, among the fish is rare and special, known as the king of medaka
Color classification: blue_purple
36. Five-lined medaka
Pseudogillidae: Five-line medaka native to the tropical rainforests of the Ogowe River Basin in the Gabonese Republic of Africa. It is a tropical medaka species with strong heat tolerance, named after the five distinct red stripes running through the body. These red stripes will flash a bright blue or bright green metallic luster depending on the angle of lighting, and it looks very beautiful in the water weed tank
37. Moonlight Fish
Medaka family: Moonlight fish, native to Mexico and Guatemala in North America. Because it can be crossed with swordtail to breed new varieties, there are many related varieties and flowers on the market. Small and flexible, with a wide variety of flowers, colorful colors, and high popularity of tropical fish species
Color classification: yellow
Temperament: Quiet_ gentle
Suitable temperature: 23 °C±4 °C
PH range: 7.6±0.3 (PH)
Hardness range: 11±5 (DH)
Male and female differentiation: the female is slightly larger, 6-7 cm, the male is 5-6 cm. During the mating period, the male becomes darker and shinier, the fin evolves into a vas deferens, and the female's abdomen gradually expands
Breeding method: oviparous birth, strong reproductive ability, male and female will be free to pair up to breed, breeding temperature of about 26 ° C, hardness of about 9. If the female has a large dark spot on the anus, it means that it is time for delivery. 30-40 oviparous births
Source: Case Jin Aquatic Grass
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