Thorn ginseng, belonging to the echinoderm phylum Friezeidae, is a genus of spiny ginseng in the family Cyprinidae, preferring to inhabit rocky reefs or hard-bottomed harbors with still waves, abundant seaweed and no fresh water injection, or in the mud and sand bottom jungles of large-leaf algae. Suitable water depth of 3 to 5 m, a few up to more than 10 meters, young individuals mostly live in the intertidal zone. The end of May to the beginning of July is the spawning season of ginseng, which varies slightly from region to region due to different water temperatures, and ovulation generally begins when the water temperature reaches 18 to 20 ° C. The ontology of ginseng includes the stages of fertilized egg one blastocyst, one protonygotic embryo, one small ear-shaped larvae, one middle ear-shaped larvae, one large ear-shaped larvae, one bottle-shaped larvae,five-tentacle larvae,larvae, and so on. When the water temperature is high in summer, the ginseng will generally drill under the stone or the stone crevice for "summer sleep", wait until the water temperature drops, and then come out to move and feed. Ginseng is a narrow saline animal with a suitable salinity range of 28 to 32 in seawater. Changes in salinity can cause physiological, immune and other reactions of ginseng. Suitable pH is 7. 9〜8. 4。 Ginseng has a certain sensitivity to meteorology. Before the big storm came. They often hide under rocks or other safe places, and when the wind and waves have calmed down, they come out to move and feed. Small individuals prefer to live in shallower waters, large individuals live in deeper waters, and in summer ginseng has the phenomenon of moving towards deep water. Thorn ginseng mainly feeds on sediment, organic detritus, bacteria, benthic diatoms and so on deposited on the surface of the seafloor.
First, summer sleep ginseng is a typical temperate species, in order to cope with the summer high temperature, evolved the important ecological habit of "summer sleep". When the temperature of the sea rises to a certain range in summer. Ginseng migrates to deeper, quieter rocks in the sea and does not eat, a phenomenon known as "summer sleep". The summer sleep duration of ginseng is generally 2 to 4 months, during which the physiological state of ginseng will change significantly, mainly manifested as: stopping feeding, decreased activity, deterioration of the digestive tract; weight loss; decreased metabolism; energy use countermeasures change, reduce or rest the function of feeding and excretion. Temperature is the main trigger for the summer sleep of Ginseng, and the critical temperature of summer sleep varies depending on the habitat and decreases with its weight. Studies have shown that the weight is 72. 3~139.3g of ginseng, the critical temperature of summer sleep is 24. 5~25.5°C while weight 28. 9~40. 7g of ginseng, the critical temperature of summer sleep is 25. 5-30. 5°C 。
Second, drainage and regeneration of excretion refers to the phenomenon that when the sea cucumber is injured, encountered predators, overcrowded, water quality is dirty, the water temperature is too high, oxygen deficiency, salinity is reduced, or in a bad environment, the digestive tract, the respiratory tree, the Civere's tubule, the reproductive glands and even all the internal organs are excreted from the anus through the body through violent contractions. The type and number of exhaust gas officers vary depending on the type of sea cucumber, the intensity of stimulation and the environmental conditions in which they are exposed. For ginseng, the organs excreted are mainly the intestine and breathing, and only the lime ring, the stump of the pharyngeal-esophageal tract and the cloaca are left in the body cavity after excretion. The mechanism of excretion is very complex, but it can be divided into three parts: one is the rapid softening of the visceral connection ligament and the cloaca, the mesentery and the body wall tendon connection ligament; the second is the strong local softening of the body wall or cloaca; the third is the muscle contraction and rupture, weakening, and then the excretion of the internal organs that have lost the ligament connection. The drainage of ginseng helps to regulate osmotic pressure, prevent metabolism too quickly and repair damaged visceral functions. After excretion, when the environmental conditions are suitable, the ginseng can regenerate new internal organs. A few species of sea cucumbers are cross-cut into 2 to 3 segments, and each segment can also regenerate into a complete individual. Thorn ginseng has a strong regeneration ability, and its regeneration mechanism includes deformation regeneration and new regeneration.
Third, autolyzing ginseng will undergo a high autolysis reaction when it is affected by the environment or other factors [such as ultraviolet radiation, decreased salinity, bacterial infection, etc.]. This is also an important issue in the cultivation, processing and preservation of ginseng. The autolysis of ginseng is mainly due to the action of highly active endogenous proteases in muscles and tissues.
Fourth, rejection At present, there are no research reports on the rejection reaction of ginseng. In experimental studies of ginseng labeling technology, it was found that whether it was marked on the surface of the ginseng body or through the body wall, the ginseng could be eliminated and the scar left by the mark was gradually eliminated. Its strong ability to reject is a challenge for labeling and further behavioral research, and suitable labeling techniques still need to be further explored.
