Hello officials, I really don't know what to write in the next, driving and afraid of official warnings, I can only find another way out!
Today, I will bring a small science popularization for all the officials, whether it is bragging about it later or giving people popular science is a good choice!
What I give you today is the most undesirable thing in nature!! -------- (mosquitoes)
As we all know, mosquitoes are female mosquitoes that suck blood, and generally male mosquitoes feed on the sap of plants. (The reason is announced in the article!) ）
Today we will take stock of the growth history of mosquitoes!
There are about 3,000 different types of mosquitoes worldwide!! Among them, the anopheles, Aedes mosquitoes and Culex are the most famous
The growth process of mosquitoes consists of eggs - larvae - pupae - adults! Consists of four steps
The larvae, called "jiejue", breathe and feed on organic matter and microorganisms with a straw, a period that lasts 10-14 days, undergoing 4 molts and metamorphosing into pupae.
Blood-sucking habits Male mosquitoes do not suck blood, but only plant sap and nectar. Female mosquitoes must suck human or animal blood to ovaries to develop and lay eggs, and at the same time acquire pathogens during blood sucking and become vectors.
The selectivity of mosquitoes to hosts varies depending on the species. Anopheles major, anopheles, Aedes albopictus, Aedes albacetes, Aedes aegypti, Culex tired Culex, Culex pale, etc. are bloodthirsty; Anopheles sinensis, Culex triscarpus and other bloodthirsty animals. Human-blood-loving mosquitoes can also suck animal blood, and animal-sucking mosquitoes can also suck human blood. Even for the same mosquito species, its blood-sucking habits can change, such as the main micro-Anopheles mosquito on Hainan Island sucks human blood and inhabits internally, while the micro-Anopheles mosquitoes on the mainland suck the blood of livestock to varying degrees and roost externally. This difference is also reflected in their vector efficacy, i.e. bloodthirsty mosquitoes, which have more opportunities to transmit human diseases and are often the main vectors of mosquito-borne diseases. Because mosquitoes can suck both human and animal blood, they can transmit zoonotic diseases such as Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever. Mosquito blood-sucking habit is an important part of judging the relationship between mosquitoes and diseases
On one pair of tentacles and three pairs of stepping feet, there are many rotational sensory hairs, each of which is densely arranged with round or oval holes. In the dark night, mosquitoes can use this sensor to sense the carbon dioxide emitted by the human body in the air, react within 1‰ of seconds, and can fly correctly and agilely to the blood-sucking object. Before sucking blood, mosquitoes first inject saliva containing antiagglutinin into the skin and mix it with blood, so that the blood becomes a thin plasma that does not clott, and then spit out the undigested old blood of the next night and suck on fresh blood. If a person is arbitrarily bitten by 10,000 mosquitoes at the same time, the blood of the human body can be sucked up.
Mosquitoes suck human blood, and they will also "pick fat and pick thin", specifically looking for objects that meet the "taste". As mosquitoes "buzz" around sleeping people's pillows, they rely on proximity sensors to sense temperature, humidity and chemical composition in sweat. So female mosquitoes first bite people who have a higher body temperature and love to sweat. Because people with high body temperatures and sweating love to secrete odors contain more amino acids, lactic acid and ammonia compounds, it is easy to attract mosquitoes.
The main hazard of mosquitoes is the spread of disease. According to research, mosquitoes spread more than 80 kinds of diseases. There is no animal on Earth that is more harmful to humans than mosquitoes.
Malaria is a disease transmitted by The Mosquito. Malaria is also known as miasma. According to a 1935 survey by the Department of Health, 50% of the population had malaria parasites in their blood in the miasma areas and 72% had falciparum malaria. In 1936, about 20,000 people died of malaria in Gao County, Jiangsu Province, and in 1876, when the Panama Canal was excavated, countless workers died of yellow fever and malaria, so that work was stopped in 1889. It was only after entomologists solved the mosquito problem that the canal project was completed. According to a 1930 report by the Far Eastern Society of Tropical Diseases, about 50 people die every year in Thailand, and 50,000 people die from malaria.
How do mosquitoes introduce pathogens into the human body? When the mosquitoes suck the blood of a malaria patient, they also suck the parasite (the source of malaria) into the body. When they bite, the malaria parasite is injected into the body of the bitten person from the mouth of the mosquito. Ten days later, the malaria parasite begins to appear inside the blood vessels close to the skin. They multiply within the patient's red blood cells, splitting into large numbers of small protozoa that destroy the red blood cells and release a toxin. Each small malaria parasite invades other red blood cells and continues to multiply, causing more and more malaria parasites and toxins in the patient's body, causing the patient to chill and fever. Patients with malaria are the first to get chills and shake their whole bodies, but the thermometer test is high. After about an hour, the patient felt feverish, then the body temperature continued to rise, three or four hours later began to sweat, body temperature dropped, and after a few hours the patient felt relaxed, the disease seemed to have passed, in fact, at this time the small protozoa has invaded the new red blood cells, and began to multiply. When the parasite destroys the red blood cells again and comes out, the patient becomes ill again and forms a second round. Unless proper treatment is obtained, the attack will continue regularly and painfully. The human toll of malaria is considerable, with patients physically weak, inefficient and, in severe cases, life-loss. Medicines are now available to treat and prevent the disease, but the best way to do this is to eradicate the mosquitoes that infect the disease , malaria.
Can mosquitoes really not be erased from the ecological chain?
Scientists have found that in many cases, the ecological gap caused by the disappearance of one mosquito is quickly filled by other organisms. Life will be the same as before, and even better. Considering that they are the main vectors of disease transmission, "it is difficult to say what harm would be done to eliminating them, but there is no collateral damage." Steven Juliano, an insect ecologist at Illinois State University, said. A world without mosquitoes would be "safer for us," said Carlos Brisola Marcondes, a medical entomologist at the Federal University of Santa Catarina in Brazil. ”
Will people have the ability to get rid of this vampire? A thriving movement gave a positive answer. If you take a step forward, the most likely to use are weapon genetic weapons;
Nature Communications published a research paper on June 10 about the "sex-distorting" method used to control mosquito populations. The idea came 60 years ago, but it has only now been successfully demonstrated for the first time.
In the study, conducted by Imperial College London in collaboration with their counterparts in the United States and Italy, they tried to inject an "endonuclease" into Anopheles gambian, the main spreader of malaria, to "cut" and destroy the DNA in the mosquito X chromosome, so that the mosquitoes could only produce male offspring