Brazilian Japanese MAYUMI
Play LOL Brazilian female player MAYUMI is obviously Brazilian, but has an Asian face, a check of the information only to find that she is actually a native Brazilian! This raises the lines of a feud between Japan and Brazil more than a century ago. There are 2 million Japanese Brazilians with Japanese blood today, and they have fully assimilated into Brazilians, but the unique oriental face still makes them look very abrupt. How did Brazilian immigrants in Japan come about?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > First, Latin America became the backyard of the United States</h1>
In 1823, U.S. President Monroe published the "Monroe Doctrine", the core of which was that the Americas were the Americas of the Americans, and europeans had no right to interfere in the affairs of the Americas. It looks good, but everyone knows the face of the United States, and it is certainly impossible to benefit others. If you think about it carefully, on the American continent, except that the United States is a rich and powerful country, other regions are in chaos, and Latin America is deeply influenced by warlords, so the United States has played the human rights card, excluding European interference, incorporating other parts of the Americas into the sphere of influence of the United States, supporting pro-American forces in various parts of the Americas, and directly sending troops to destroy countries without being pro-American and then supporting them. In this way, Latin America has become the backyard of the United States, and other countries are not allowed to enter arbitrarily.
The United States orchestrated Panamanian independence for the Panama Canal
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > second, Japanese immigration to the United States and the intensification of japan-U.S. contradictions</h1>
After the Meiji Restoration in Japan, capitalism developed, but the defects of more Japanese, less land, and fewer resources were soon exposed, and the general Japanese struggled on the poverty line, in order to alleviate the pressure of population and employment, the Japanese began to emigrate overseas. Japanese immigration to the Americas began in the 1880s, because the New World is vast, sparsely populated, and resourceful, and the United States also promotes the welcome of immigrants, so japanese immigrants to the Americas preferred the United States. However, in the late Russo-Japanese War (1905), the Anti-Japanese Movement in California began with the anti-Japanese movement in the United States. The United States and Japan once rattled over the issue of Japanese immigration. In 1907, the American Great White Fleet cruised the world with the aim of deterring Japan. Japan countered this, when Japan first formulated the "Imperial Defense Policy", which required the formation of the Eighty-Eight Fleet and made the United States the first imaginary enemy of the Navy.
U.S. Fleet
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" >3. Dig the corner of the Us wall</h1>
In order to ease the contradictions between Japan and the United States and at the same time break into the wedge in the Americas, Japan ostensibly took the initiative to reduce immigration to the United States, but its vision actually turned to Latin America, the backyard of the United States. Among the Latin American countries, Japan is most optimistic about Brazil, and Japan's choice of Brazil as a new settlement point has its own considerations: first, Brazil is at the southernmost tip of the American continent, far from the United States mainland, which can reduce the vigilance of the United States; second, The rainforest terrain in Latin America is not easy to survive, while Brazil is plateau flat, which is convenient for production of agriculture, and the quality of agriculture is high; third, Brazil's labor shortage at that time, in order to recruit labor, the Brazilian São Paulo State Government and Japan signed an immigration trade agreement. Brazil showed friendliness to Japan by stipulating that the state of São Paulo would provide a $10 subsidy for the ferry fare to each Japanese who came to Pakistan. So Brazil became a new immigrant stronghold for Japan.
Japanese immigration to Brazil began in 1908, and the 13 years from 1920 to 1920 have been called the "pioneering period of Japanese-Brazilian immigration" by historians. In the past 13 years, Japan has sent a total of 28,000 people to the state of São Paulo, a small number, but its significance lies in exploring, pioneering and gaining a foothold.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" >4</h1>
The Japanese who came to Pakistan initially worked on farms in the state of São Paulo, japan's agriculture was developed, and the Japanese were hard-working, so the Japanese in Pakistan quickly accumulated wealth. According to Matsudaira Sadao, a staff member of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs who inspected South America, in 1911, Japanese had already purchased their own farms in Brazil, and many Japanese could buy a large piece of their own farmland after the expiration of their labor contracts.
Brazilian farms
In 1915, the Japanese of São Paulo State assembled to discuss the establishment of the Imperial Japanese Colonial Society, announcing the establishment of a colony (immigrant village), which was called "Hirano". The village was the first Japanese gated community formed by the Japanese in Brazil. The so-called Japanese closed community, is a unique form of Japanese immigrants, similar to a Japanese community in a city, this kind of Japanese society is not uncommon in modern Japanese immigrants, because the Japanese immigrate to foreign countries, language and customs are different, and the modern Japanese imperial consciousness awakens, self-esteem is superior, so they do not want to associate with outsiders, only willing to act in their own circle, which prompts the Japanese to gradually gather.
There is a village committee in Hirano Village, which exercises village autonomy and is not subject to interference by the Brazilian government. The village is full of Japanese, with private schools set up by the Japanese, which teach Japanese language and Japanese history, and learn about imperial knowledge and militarism. Usually, the villagers' life is completely Japaneseized, and they have to worship in the direction of the Japanese Imperial Palace every day, and the three major festivals of Japanese militarism are legal holidays, just like a country within a country. Taking Hirano Village as a model, in 1918, Japanese immigrants established a second Japanese autonomous village, the Kaizuka First Colony, and in 1922, a third Japanese autonomous village, the Kaizuka Second Colony.
NihonMura
The formation of Japanese villages marked the voluntary isolation of Japanese immigrants from Brazilians, which exacerbated the fears of Their own ethnic homogeneity, coupled with Japan's advanced and Brazilian backwardness, and the Japanese's sense of imperial state made them extremely despise Brazilians. After 1920, the arrogant attitude of Japanese immigrants and the survival pattern of a country within a country forced Brazilians to think about how to deal with the Japanese.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" > five, the failure of Brazil's anti-Japanese policy</h1>
After 1920, as there were more and more Japanese immigrant autonomous villages in São Paulo State, and São Paulo State became the land of the Japanese, the Brazilian government was more and more worried that Japanese immigrants would endanger Brazil, so it began to restrict Japanese immigration. In 1923, the Brazilian central government officially proposed a bill to restrict the entry of people of color (Japanese), which caused an uproar in japanese villages in the state of São Paulo, and 20,000 Japanese people almost rushed to the state government to protest the central government, which forced the bill to be rejected! This restriction on Japanese immigration is no longer an end.
Brazilian and Japanese exchange meeting
In 1924, the United States passed the "Exclusion of Japanese Immigration Act", completely prohibiting Japanese people from coming to the United States, and the Japanese government compared to it, the Brazilian government is so soft, simply play the second largest, in 1924, Kato Takaaki cabinet set up the Imperial Economic Conference, this meeting specifically to discuss immigration methods, the result of the meeting is subsidized by the Japanese government, encourage immigration to Brazil. Guided by the policies of the Japanese government, the number of Japanese immigrants to Brazil soared, from 1929 to 1934, the number of Japanese immigrants to the Brazilian state of São Paulo reached 100,000 in six years. These 100,000 immigrants, like the previous immigrants, gathered after purchasing land and forming many villages that resembled a country within a country.
Japanese Immigrant Village
By 1935, there were more than 120,000 Japanese living in São Paulo state alone, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs set up a South American class, and the Brazilian ambassador and consul of Japan formed the Brazilian Japanese Association. With the ambassador to Brazil as the president, the consul as the branch president, the village chief of the Japanese autonomous village as the branch chief, and the Japanese immigrants as its members, the association is like a gangster, and the village chiefs have the power to judge and punish the villagers, and the Brazilian ambassadors and consuls have the right to appoint and direct the actions of the villages. The Association claims to safeguard the rights and interests of Japanese immigrants, but in fact it is a semi-fascist group that acts under the influence of the Japanese consul.
Since then, because the full-scale invasion of China is imminent, the focus of Japanese immigration has shifted to northeast China, and in 1936, Hirota Hiroyuki formulated the "Million People Migration Plan" to the northeast, so he could no longer immigrate to South America. But even so, by 1941, the number of Japanese immigrants across Brazil had reached 160325, mostly in the state of São Paulo.
With the launch of the Pacific War by Japan, Japan and the United States began to war, the Latin American brothers of the United States also declared war on Japan, but Brazil because there are 160,000 Japanese immigrants, and they are all gathered to live, and even in 1944, under the organization of the Japanese retired Japanese army officer and Brazilian Japanese Shunji, the Brazilian Japanese immigrants formed the "Kodo Society", the purpose is to practice the way of subjects, solidarity with Japan, they obey the japanese official command, forming a huge underground force, so Brazil can only be neutral. It was not until 1945, when Japan was defeated, that Brazil dared to formally declare war on Japan.
Brazilian Japanese
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="28" > Wen Shijun said</h1>
What is the purpose of the Japanese immigrating to Brazil? On the one hand, the United States restricted and eventually banned Japanese immigrants from entering the United States, forcing the Japanese to find a place to send immigrants; on the other hand, Japan also moved its mind to the United States. As mentioned earlier, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan took the United States as the first imaginary enemy, the Japanese expected that in the Japanese-American War, in addition to fighting naval battles, Japan would also let the Backyard of the United States catch fire, Japan thought of establishing a stronghold in Brazil, the farthest away from the United States, bit by bit encroaching on the United States' forces, but did not want to, japan and the United States began to war, the United States and his brothers took the lead in attacking Japanese immigrants, all of them were locked up in Japanese concentration camps, only Brazil because the number of Japanese was too large, so the Brazilian government adopted a policy of close surveillance, in close surveillance, Some fanatics are still engaged in trouble, and they have secretly set up heavenly curse groups and special attack teams to specialize in assassinations, espionage, and terrorist activities. In April 1944, there was a smash-and-grab factory crash in the state of São Paulo. Even after japan's defeat, the Celestial Curse Group was still active, and from the beginning of 1946 to the beginning of 1947, in 10 months, there were 29 assassinations in Brazil.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="30" > reference</h1>
80-Year History committee of Japanese immigration: 80 Years of Japanese Immigration in Brazil, 80-Year History committee of Japanese immigration, 1991.
Toyama: World War II and Japanese Immigrants: Exploring the Truth of the Turmoil, Ying Tomoe Nishi, Nikkei Shimbun, May 14, 2013.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Purple Orange)
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