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Animal food has comprehensive nutrients and good palatability, and is a favorite food for Chinese turtles. If the animal bait is properly matched with the compound feed, it can not only save the amount of protein in the compound feed, but also make up for the lack of certain nutrients in the compound feed, especially the shortage of essential amino acids, thereby improving the efficiency of protein utilization and promoting the rapid growth of turtles.
1. Water fleas
Water fleas, commonly known as "red worms", contain 60.4% protein, 21.8% fat, 1.1% polysaccharides, 16.7% ash, a large amount of vitamin A and calcium, etc., which are the opening bait that juvenile turtles like.
Artificially cultivated flea can use earthen ponds or cement ponds, with an area of 10 to 100 square meters and a water depth of 50 to 80 cm. Clear the pond with quicklime before cultivation to kill the water flea predators (water centipedes, pine algae insects, tadpoles, fish and shrimp, etc.), and when the medicinal effect disappears, it can absorb water, and the water included must be filtered through 80 mesh screens to eliminate predators, and the water should not be too much at one time, and then gradually increase when the microalgae multiply in the water reaches a certain concentration. After absorbing water, the fermented livestock and poultry manure is applied, the fertilizer amount is about 2 kg per cubic meter, and the water flea seeds are added at the same time, 30 to 40 grams per cubic meter. Generally, organic fertilizer is applied once a week, and the amount of water per cubic meter per time is about 0.5 kg. After 1 week, the water fleas will multiply in large numbers, and after another week, they can be harvested. The harvesting method is to wait for the flea to float in large quantities on the surface after feeding the bait, and repeatedly drag the hand-copied net or cone net made of 100 to 120 mesh sieve silk in the water, and fish it every 1 to 2 days, 20% to 30% each time. Generally, about 800 grams of water fleas can be produced per cubic meter of water per day.
In the culture process, it should always be noted that there are no individuals with winter eggs, and there are not many larvae, such as more individuals with winter eggs, or the number of larvae is small, indicating low fertility. There are many reasons for low fertility, such as insufficient food, too high water temperature, deteriorating water quality, too many aging individuals, etc., which can be treated according to specific conditions. If filamentous green algae or clumps are found in the culture tank, efforts should be made to remove them, or re-culture after the drug clears the pool. Seed fleas used for inoculation are best cultured in pools to ensure that there are sufficient numbers of well-grown robust flea species at the time of inoculation.
2. Earthworms
The content of crude protein in the dried matter of earthworms accounts for about 50% to 67%, which is higher than soybean meal and meat bone meal, which is similar to high-quality fishmeal and silkworm chrysalis, and the content of crude fat and crude ash is also ideal, and also contains a large number of essential amino acids, vitamins, alkaloids, calcium and phosphorus and other minerals. Earthworms also have the characteristics of good palatability and strong food attraction, and are high-quality protein feed for turtles.
Artificially farmed earthworms should choose moist, shaded areas with no limits. Turtle farms can be farmed in captivity using wasteland or pond corners according to local conditions. Horse manure, cow dung, sheep manure or other livestock and poultry manure are added to 30% of the haystack, mixed well and then piled up to ferment completely, adjust the humidity and lay rectangles in the selected location, with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters and a thickness of less than 15 cm, and then evenly put into the Daping No. 2 worm seed (including egg cocoon), put 20,000 to 30,000 earthworm seeds per square meter, and cover it with a soil layer of less than 5 cm thick. Water the rice 1 to 2 times a day, maintain 60% water content, add fermented manure once every 10 to 15 days, and maintain a temperature of 20 to 28 °C. After more than 10 days of cultivation, it can be harvested, and when harvesting, layers of humus are opened, earthworms are mostly gathered in the bottom layer, and after taking out part of the earthworm, supplementing part of the decomposed organic matter, and then continuing to harvest after a few days. After harvesting, it is scalded with hot water, cut into inches and fed.
When artificially cultivating earthworms, it should be noted that: (1) the culture medium should be fertile; (2) the fertilizer in direct contact with the earthworm should not be used to make high heat fertilizers, so as not to cause earthworms to escape or die due to high temperatures; (3) to maintain a certain humidity and not to make the soil too dry.
3. Mealworm
Mealworm, also known as bread worm, is a high protein content and strong fecundity, simple feeding method of animal feed source, protein content accounts for 48% to 54% of dry weight, higher than eggs, beef, lamb and other conventional animal foods, and easy to digest and absorb, but also rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
Yellow mealworm has strong adaptability, simple artificial breeding technology, and can be used for multi-layer three-dimensional breeding in wooden boxes, saving labor and material, and low breeding costs. Egg hatching, larvae, pupae, and moths should be kept separately, and larvae of different ages should also be raised separately to avoid killing each other. According to the growth of mealworms, timely addition of feed. Feed is mainly wheat bran, cornmeal, bean cake, carrots, vegetable leaves, melon peels, etc., keeping the temperature between 25 and 30 ° C, and the humidity is 50% to 80%. Summer temperatures are high, moisture is easy to evaporate, can be sprinkled on the ground, reduce temperature, increase humidity. In the rainy season, the humidity is too large, the feed is prone to mold, and the window should be opened for ventilation. Winter weather is cold, doors and windows should be closed to heat up indoors.
Whether larvae, pupae or adult, they can be used as live bait and dry feed for turtles. The larvae take about 3 months from hatching to pupating, during which the individual larvae grow from a few millimeters to 30 mm, and can be fed directly or mixed into the compound feed to the turtles. Overproduced mealworms can be dried and preserved.
4. Maggots
Fly maggots are the larvae of flies, completely nutritious, high in protein content, and their dry bodies contain 62% protein, 13.4% fat, 15% polysaccharides, and 6.6% ash. Turtles fed to maggots grow fast and have little pollution to the quality of the cultured water. Fly maggot breeding raw materials come from a wide range of sources, only need by-food scraps, livestock and poultry manure, etc., simple facilities, low cost, high efficiency.
Maggots can be farmed in bricks to form maggot ponds with an area of 1 to 3 square meters, or bamboo and wood frames to breed maggots on plastic plates. Fly maggot feed has a wide range of sources, bran, wine tank, okara, livestock and poultry manure, etc. can be used as maggot feed, livestock and poultry manure needs to be used after fermentation. Generally 1 kg of bran can produce 0.5 kg of fresh maggots, 3.5 to 4 kg of chicken manure can produce 0.5 kg of fresh maggots, when using it needs to add water to mix well, humidity should be mastered at 60% ~ 65% is appropriate; if you use wine tanks, okara and other semi-dry and wet materials, you do not have to add water to cultivate when using. The specific operation method is: the bran, wine tank, okara or livestock and poultry manure, etc. poured into the pool or dish, the thickness is generally 5 to 10 cm, the maggot should be appropriately thinner when the summer temperature is high, on the contrary, the maggot can be appropriately thickened when the temperature is low in winter. Add the fly eggs and mix well, pay attention to the fly eggs do not expose on the surface of the maggot, so as not to lose activity due to water loss. The breeding temperature is maintained at 25 ~ 35 °C, after a few days of incubation, the temperature of the culture material decreases, the volume decreases, and the fresh maggot feed should be supplemented in time according to the number and growth of larvae. After 4 to 5 days and nights of rearing, the larvae can be harvested when the individual larvae reach 20 to 25 mg. Taking advantage of the light-afraid characteristics of fly maggots, they are collected and the surface maggot material is taken away, leaving a small amount of maggot material and a large number of fly maggots. The isolated maggots can be used directly for feeding, or they can be baked at a temperature of 200 to 250 ° C for 15 to 20 minutes, dried and processed into maggot powder, and then used instead of some fishmeal in the compound feed.
5. Fushou snail
The fresh part of Fushou snail has a protein content of 29.3%, and it is also rich in carotene, vitamin C and a variety of minerals. Fushou snail is large, fast growing, fertile and high yield, generally can produce 2 to 3 kg per square meter.
Fushou snails do not have high requirements for breeding conditions, and fish ponds, ditches and low-lying areas with a water depth of less than 1 meter can be raised. Fushou snail mainly eats plant-based green feed, but also eats wheat bran and other refined feeds. Artificial breeding of Fushou snails should be mastered:
(1) In the breeding waters, some bamboo chips, sticks, etc., 30 to 50 cm above the water surface, for its adsorption, spawning and reproduction;
(2) In the entire feeding stage, especially the young snail stage, the feed can not be interrupted, the feed is required to be fresh and not deteriorated, it is advisable to feed in the evening, and the daily feeding amount is about 10% of the total weight of the snail;
(3) The feeding water requires fresh water quality, if there is no micro-water often injected into the feeding pond, it is best to flush the water every 3 to 5 days;
(4) When the young snails can distinguish between male and female individuals after 2 to 3 months of feeding, the male and female snails can be raised separately in places where conditions permit to improve the production of snails;
(5) When the water temperature drops to about 12 ° C, it is necessary to carry out wintering and seed preservation work, and there are two kinds of dry wintering and wet wintering. Dry overwintering: First, the snails are fished up and rinsed with clean water, and then placed in the room to dry for 3 to 5 days to remove the shell snails and dead snails, and then loaded into a carton for wintering. When packing, in order to create a dry environment for the snail and prevent squeezing, put a layer of snail, pad a layer of paper scraps or shavings, and then bundle it up and put it in a ventilated and dry place at 2 to 3 °C. When the water temperature rises above 15 ° C in the next year, the snail is put back into the water, and the snail is extended to the head and feet to move and forage. Wet overwintering: In the indoor idle place, set up a pool, put the snail into the pool, and keep the water temperature above 4 ° C to safely overwinter. In the southern region of China, it is possible to overwinter directly in the breeding pond.
In addition, turtle farms can use the "vegetable-Fushou snail-turtle" method to cultivate Fushou snail in turtle ponds. The 10 kg fushou snail can produce more than 500,000 young snails a year. Large-shelled, hard-shelled snails are difficult for turtles to prey on, but the breeding young snails are just the bait for turtles to eat.
6. Insects
In summer and autumn, there are more insects, and 20 watts of black light lamps can be hung at 20 to 50 cm of the water surface of the turtle pond to trap insects, and 3 glass plates with a width of 25 cm and the length of the lamp are equipped on both sides of the lamp, and the flying insects can bounce into the pool for turtles to swallow after colliding with the glass plate. Install 1 black light lamp every 5 meters, and in the absence of rain or wind (or breeze), it can attract 1 to 2 kg of insects per night.