The Amazon basins of South America are vast and mysterious. The primitive tribes, rainforests, rivers and exotic creatures there make people curious.
Domestic aquarium enthusiasts, most of them know a creature called Piragatinga, called Callophysius Macropterus in Latin, is the big-finned mermaid, which enthusiasts call "Dongsha Duck's Mouth". This fish is somewhat similar to domestic catfish, and is a cloister-type carnivorous fish with a beard.
As we all know, our white-tipped dolphins may have disappeared. In 2017, "the Yangtze River finless porpoise was upgraded to a national first-class protected animal in China". In July 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs released that only about 1,012 finless porpoises remained.
In foreign countries, the Amazon pufferfish, which is also a pufferfish family, although there are slightly more, are also of concern to protectors. Some time ago, a REPORT by VOA (Voice of America) said that due to the low reproductive rate of the Amazon pufferfish, it takes three years to breed a small puffer fish in the wild environment, and after the fishing ban period, conservationists are particularly worried.
Locals often use the meat of this puffer fish to catch the aforementioned "Dongsha duck beak", a medium-sized demersal carnivorous fish, adult between 45 cm and 60 cm, mainly distributed in the Amazon River Basin, especially like to rot. As a common fish in the tank, resistant to feed, and mediocre in appearance, what is there to say?
The fish is closely related to a forensic paper titled "Forensic Use of the Piracatinga Fish (Callophysius macropterus) to Locate and indentify Human Remains Retrieved From the Amazon River."
The article said that a Brazilian in his 50s suddenly fell into the water during the process of boating, the river was turbulent, the river was deep, and others could not help it, and watched people sink and disappear. The fishing team searched and rescued the site of the incident in the following days, but did not find any results.
There are many tributaries in the Amazon basin, falling into the river, no one alive, no dead body, and the family is very anxious. The local death certificate must be associated with the body. The absence of a body, the issuance of a death certificate, even if a witness is willing to prove that he fell into the water, is something that has been dealt with locally. Either the family waits for a few years, and the official requirement is at least five years. Five years to sharpen a knife, ten years to sharpen a sword, cut people's hearts have been.
With the development of modern genetics technology and the prosperity of the local economy, this time things have taken a turn for the better. The characteristics and habits of Dongsha duck's mouth are well known by local fishermen, with strong bite force, like to gather and bite corpses, eat quietly, and often accompanied by a large number of blisters. Sure enough, fishermen found Dongsha ducks gathering near the scene of the incident and eating food. This is easy to do, let's catch them ashore first and then make a fuss.
As a result, the relevant departments have fished a lot of Dongsha duck mouths in a relatively short period of time. Subsequently, a laparotomy was performed, the remnants of the digestive tract were extracted, identified, and compared with the DNA of relatives. Several fish were sampled and analyzed in a row, and it was finally proved that the tissue in the belly of the fish originated from the lost person himself.
The article also incidentally uses some small insects to find the location of corpses on land, and points out that while relying on the mouth of the Dongsha duck to find the body and verify the identity, it cannot be expected that every time the corpse will be hit by it, and the eating characteristics of each carnivorous fish are not the same, if a certain fish eats quietly, then the following is difficult to have, and there are so many carnivorous fish in the Amazon basin. It is implied that this available technology has its limitations.
But there is no doubt that the successful application of DNA technology will give the families some comfort, provide them with favorable material for arguing with the authorities, and believe that the follow-up will make corresponding adjustments to the balance between legislation and ethics.
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Okay, let's learn about popular science together.
Genetic genes, also known as genetic factors, are chemicals that determine the genetic characteristics of organisms, with complex structures. In 1953, American geneticist Watson and British biophysicists Crick and Wilkins discovered that the 46 chromosomes of human fertilized eggs contain chemicals called genes. It is the main material basis for storing and transmitting genetic information and replicating cells. The storage and transmission of genetic information from one generation of cells to the next and from one individual to its offspring involves a chemical mechanism. Watson and Crick fabricated structural models of DNA to explain this mechanism.
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (ABD) is one of four biological macromolecules contained within biological cells.
DNA carries the genetic information necessary to synthesize RNA and proteins, and is an essential biological macromolecule for the development and proper functioning of organisms.
DNA is a macromolecular polymer composed of deoxynucleotides. DEOXYnucleotides are made up of bases, deoxyribos, and phosphoric acid. There are 4 types of bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T) and cytosine (C).
In the molecular structure of DNA, two chains of polydeoxynucleotides are coiled around a common central axis to form a double helix structure. The DNA-phosphate chain is on the outside of the spiral structure, with the base facing inward. Two polydeoxynucleotide chains are inversely complementary and connected by pairing bases formed by hydrogen bonds between bases to form a fairly stable combination.
The functions of DNA are as follows:
1. The material basis of genetic information
2. Contains codons, which can encode amino acids and serve as templates for protein synthesis.
3. Anticodons can recognize mRNA codons and transport corresponding amino acids as carriers for protein synthesis.
4. Together with ribosomal proteins, it constitutes ribosomes and is the place of protein synthesis.
5. Participate in intron processing and splicing of eukaryotic cell hnRNA
6. Participate in the formation of signal recognition particles
The application of DNA technology, face recognition, network monitoring, positioning, etc. is a great deterrent to potential criminals, so that they dare not commit crimes, and if they run away, they can be caught immediately.
It is undeniable that DNA technology has helped people a lot in judicial applications, such as the successful detection of the "Silver Series Murder Case" and the "Southern Medical University Girl Murder Case". With the continuous detection of these vicious cases, we have reason to believe that cases such as the "Nanda Corpse Fragment Case" will come to light and the criminals will be brought to justice.
A few thoughts:
First, the psychological quality of the criminal suspect is excellent, and like the silver case, the criminal suspect has lived and worked for many years not far from the scene of the incident, and has not shown any flaws before.
DNA technology is not a panacea. The probability of whether the offender's DNA can be extracted is 60% in the case of sexual violence, and DNA technology is powerless in the remaining 40%. The extraction and preservation of DNA will not be contaminated during the period, and whether the preservation conditions are good.
Third, the comprehensiveness of the DNA information database. The silver case and the case in this case were solved thanks to the fact that the relatives of the suspect committed crimes, and the DNA of the relatives was used to infer and narrow the target circle, thereby locking the criminal suspect. If the relevant relatives are peaceful and stable, where does the DNA information of the suspect come from? In other words, if the criminal suspect has no relatives at all, will he become a fish that slips through the net?
Fourth, the "old king next door" is involved in the obstruction factor. If Lao Wang is involved in reproductive substitution, then DNA is common sense, relying on blood to infer that the suspect will be disturbed.
I believe that justice will come sooner or later, that it should be repaid, that it will be returned sooner or later.
I believe that with the development of science and technology and the continuous enhancement of law-abiding awareness, human tragedies will become less and less, and everyone will be happier and happier.