The Ming Dynasty (1368-1683) was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history established by the Han Chinese. In the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, political corruption broke out during the Shun Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Turban Army. He fought north and south. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty with yingtianfu (Nanjing) as the Beijing Normal School, the name of the country daming, Hongwu Nian. Zhu Yuanzhang was the taizu of the Ming Dynasty.
From taizu of the Ming Dynasty: "Zhao Ji of the Kaitian Dao established a great successful emperor of divine humanities and martial virtue. He was jealous of YuanZhang, the character Guorui, and his surname was Zhu. PeiPei's ancestors first moved to Jurong and then to Sizhou. Shi Zhen's father and son first moved to Haozhou Zhongli. Four sons, the season of Taizu. Mama Chen. Hongwu (1368-1398) Ying Tianxiaoling "to Ming Yizong": "Shao Tianyi deduced that Gangming, thrifty, frugal, vigorous, filial piety emperor Deng Wuren, the fifth son of Guangzong, did not check taboos. Liu Xianfei's mother's family. Era name Chongzhen (1628-1644) Zhaoling. The Ming Dynasty had sixteen emperors.
Most historians believe that the Ming Dynasty was 16 emperors (from Taizu to Yizong), while some believe that it was 17 emperors (plus Anzong). Some people think: "If we recognize the two emperors of the last Southern Song Dynasty, one was Zhao Bi (Jingyan Emperor) of the Song Duanzong who took office in Fuzhou, and the other was Zhao Bi (Xiangxing Emperor) of the last Song Dynasty who took office in Yashan. ”
From the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the emperor slackened the government, the officials became corrupt, and the Jurchen rebellion outside Guanwai began, and the Ming Dynasty began to decline. During the apocalyptic period, the Ronaldo dictatorship accelerated the development of this process. During the Chongzhen period, popular uprisings broke out in various places. Hou Jin's army also broke through the Great Wall and entered the pass five times.
In 1644, the Dashun army captured Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself. However, the Ming dynasty clan struggled for decades in southern China until the Qing army was completely wiped out during the Ming Dynasty's Yongli period (1680s).
The Southern Ming had at least five emperors and two captives. Emperor Anzong Ming Hongguang, Shaozong Ming Emperor Long wu, and Zhaozong Ming Emperor Yongli were all recognized figures in the field of historiography. Lu Jianguo and Lu Jianguo did not call themselves emperors, not counting them. Emperor Shaowu, his brother, and the Yongli Emperor jointly called them Emperors, but soon died in the country without even a temple number, not counting them. According to Emperor Dingwu's research, these are all fake and do not count.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Ying Tianfu (present-day Nanjing) was the beijing division, and Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Cheng, took Shuntianfu (present-day Beijing) as the beijing division, and Ying Tianfu was changed to Liudu Yongle for three years. Four years later, he ordered the construction of a palace in Beijing. In 1409, Zhu Di visited Beijing, set up six capital procuratorates in Beijing, and built a mausoleum in Beijing for the late Empress Xu, showing signs of moving the capital.
After more than a decade of operation, Beijing has initially prospered. In 1416, Zhu Di announced the relocation of the capital. Yongle has begun large-scale construction of Beijing in the past 15 years. Yongle announced that it will be completed within 18 years. Yongle officially moved its capital in 19 years. Since then, the Ming Dynasty has been rooted in the north. With the exception of the Southern Ming, most of the emperors at that time died in Beijing.
1。 The founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, mausoleumed the Ming Tomb of Ming Xiao in Nanjing
As you know, the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di began to build mausoleums after he moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. So, of course, the two emperors in front of him were not buried in the 13th mausoleum in Beijing. It was built at the foot of Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing, and the Ming Tombs are architecturally magnificent mausoleums. Its shape has been improved by referring to the tombs of the Tang and Song dynasties. The cemetery covers an area of 22.5 km. The palace within the walls is magnificent. Half of the 70 monasteries in the Southern Dynasty were sealed in the Forbidden Garden.
The cemetery is home to 100,000 pine trees and thousands of deer. Between each deer's neck hung a silver medal for "Kill the Robber.". In order to protect the small mausoleum, there is a shrine prison and a small detention center built here, which is guarded by more than 50,000 to 10,000 soldiers day and night. The Kangxi and Qianlong emperors of the Qing Dynasty visited the cemetery in person during their southern tour. They also set up two members of the Cemetery Guardians, forty cemetery households, and assigned them to the Four Sages. In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the Xiaoling area became an important battlefield for the Taiping Army and the Qing Army, and almost all the wooden structures on the ground were destroyed.
2。 Why was Zhu Yunjie, the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty, buried in the Ming Tombs?
It is said that before Zhu Yunzhang became the Jianwen Emperor, his grandfather Zhu Yunzhang was a little uneasy, and he reminded him that when you are emperor, you should take care of your uncle's disobedience and let him open an ambush in danger.
Later, as expected, the fourth uncle, King Yan Zhudi, was in a difficult situation and met with the soldiers. From Beijing to the capital Nanjing, soldiers quickly invaded the imperial city. Emperor Jianwen Zhu Yunwen did not know what to do. He suddenly remembered the bag that Grandpa had handed him. He took it out and opened it. Four sets of monk's robes, a razor and a Buddhist spy. Grandson Zhu Yunzhang understood his grandfather Zhu Yuanzhang's painstaking heart. The three followers immediately shaved their hair, put on the monk's clothes, and fled through the city corner gate.
When Zhu Di, the King of Yan, entered the city, he could not see people who were at stake. He didn't know where to go. Some people said that he fled overseas by boat, so later, Zhu Di sent Zheng He abroad many times to look for him... However, his whereabouts are currently unknown.
It is also said that the Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunzhang became a monk in the temple at the age of seventy or eighty. People lament that Zhu Yuanzhang was a monk in his early years. He left his grandson a path to live in Buddhism. Of course, all of this requires further study by historians.
Three. Why was Zhu Qiyu, the seventh emperor of the Ming Dynasty, buried in Jinshan, on the western outskirts of Beijing?
In 1435, Emperor Mingyingzong succeeded to the throne at the age of nine. In 1449, the Mongol wa thorn chiefs also launched an attack on Datong. The grand eunuch Zhenzhen Wang, fearing his hometown of Weizhou, encouraged the Ming Yingzong family to go on an expedition. However, after several battles, the Emperor zhu Qizhen of Tumburg was also captured first. The news reached the capital, and his brother Zhu Qiyu was framed as a state criminal, Yu Qiwei. The Military Department presided over the War of Resistance.
It also repeatedly threatened the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. So Zhu Qiyu was made emperor to avoid extortion by the Mongols. He resisted the Mongol attack and had to retire first. The Emperor did not have any role in his hands, so he sent envoys back to the English Sect several times. From that point of view, he's fine. That's great.
Zhu Qiyun's name was Jingtai and he was known historically as the Ming Jing Emperor. The Golden Emperor loves life and crime. Indeed, Yingzong neither returned nor returned. Minister Yu Qian said that now that the throne had been decided, there was nothing to be afraid of, but he still wanted to return to Yingzong in a reasonable way. As a result, he received Yingzong, who was revered as the emperor, and was placed under house arrest in the Southern Palace. It seems that Yingzong will live like this for the rest of his life. In the eighth year of Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu fell ill, and the general Shi Heng supported Prince Shi in taking charge of the imperial government. The history books say that Shi Heng wanted to support the restoration of Emperor Yingzong and ask for rewards. He took thousands of eunuchs Cao Jixiang to the Nangong Palace, demolished walls and doors, rescued Emperor Yingzong, and successfully restored Emperor Yingzong's status. Shang Shu Wang Wen was killed.
Emperor Mingying's path was too tortuous and complicated. Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty initially made Hu Shi an empress and Sun Shi a concubine, and later changed Sun Shi to Jing Ci Xian Shi. Emperor Mingying's Zhu Qizhenzi renamed the Hu family as Jingci Immortals. According to historical records, Neither Hu nor Sun had sons. On November 11, the second year of Xuande (1427 AD) of the Ming Dynasty, a palace maid gave birth to a boy for Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji. Sun Shi, a treacherous concubine, secretly killed a woman who did not even leave her name. She took her son to lie about her birth and named her son Zhu Qizhen. On February 6 of the following year, Zhu Qizhen, who was less than three months old, was officially crowned crown prince.
After Emperor Xuanzong's sudden death, the 8-year-old Zhu Qizhen officially ascended the throne on January 10, 1435, and became the first year of orthodoxy the following year. This was the first young emperor in the history of the Ming Dynasty, The Town of Yingzong Zhuqi. He had several miracles: the emperor rarely came to the battlefield, was captured, captured without being killed, and returned without being killed. The emperor was released and successfully restored. If there is a problem with any program, he will not succeed.
Some people believe that at that time, Emperor Jing had made it clear that he would change the throne to Yingzong. The emperor himself did not know the situation. Shi Heng and Xu Youzhen staged a mutiny to win tribute. After the incident, in order to cut off the aftermath, Yu Qian was killed. Emperor Yingzong's killing of Yu Qian was not his original intention. Moreover, Emperor Yingzong himself said: "This person really owes money to society." "Xiaomi! Moreover, at that time, Emperor Jing was very ill and had no biological son (Zhu Jianji died), so the throne would eventually return to the hands of the British emperor. This is because the CCP does not understand the situation, and Xu Youzhen and others hope that the coup will be rewarded.
It is also said that Emperor Jing sent people elsewhere to find the son of the king and prepare for his succession. He didn't know how his brothers would retaliate for those eight years if he came to power. During his reign, he also built a mausoleum in the Thirteen Tombs, that is, the Shou Palace at that time. After the death of one of his empresses, Hang, he built a mausoleum on the site of Qingling, and Hang buried it. After his brother recovered, King Lijingtai became king and lost the throne. After his death, he could not bury the emperor in the Thirteen Tombs of the Imperial Family. King Jingtai died in 1457 at the age of 30. He was buried in Jinshan, a western suburb of Beijing (near Niangnianglou, northwest of the Summer Palace).
As a result, the remaining 13 Ming emperors were buried in Tianshou Mountain, north of Changping in Beijing, so there are 13 mausoleums in Beijing today.
The article is reproduced from the Network