From the five times that the Guangxi army entered Vietnam to help suppress it, it was clear that the government's attitude toward Vietnam was clear
Liao Zonglin
In the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), Wu Ya, the leader of the Guangxi peasant army, under the pursuit of the Qing army, led the people to retreat into Vietnam in defeat, and occupied the provinces of Beining, Langshan, Gaoping, Taiyuan, and Xuanguang in beiqi, and his power was restored. Although the Vietnamese government soon sent officers and troops to pursue and suppress them, they all lost soldiers and lost more than they won. In February of the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Wu Yazhong and other troops attacked the provincial capital of Gaoping province and took charge of the envoy Ruan Wenwei; in March, they disturbed Lang Shan and defeated the leading officer Ruan Wenhai; in June, Yu Hao She, killed The Envoy zun Mui Of Bac Ninh and deputy governor Qipan Wenyan; in July, in Yu LangShan Province, Jieshan Tun Kill Bureau, Counselor Nguyen Tsung Chong, Deputy Governor Nguyen Ri Cheng, and Governor Fan Zhi Xiang.
The Vietnamese government, overwhelmed by Wu Ya and other ministries and helpless, had to ask China for help. Regarding this matter, the Vietnamese history books only write that the local officials of the Northern Circle asked the Guangxi government for assistance, such as the spring and first month of the twenty-first year (1868) of The Twenty-first Year of Si De, "The Military Department requested the Northern Governor and Zhi Zhi Ping Fan Zhi Xiang Liang to send Tai Ci Ben troops to Lang Shan to intercept and suppress, but still consulted the Guangxi Viceroy to attack, and Qingyi in one fell swoop ("Great Southern Records of the Fourth Chronicle of the Zheng Compilation", vol. 38, pp. 4-12). ）。 In February, the Vietnamese government instructed zhixiang to demonstrate: "The officers and men of the state may be invited to quickly suppress and recover (Da Nan Shi Lu Zheng Ed. Quaternary, vol. 38, pp. 4-12). ）。 "In April," he still ordered the Governor Fan Zhixiang to consult with the officers and men of the Qing Dynasty ("The Great Southern Records of the Fourth Chronicle", vol. 38, pp. 21-22. ）。 In May, "the bandits disturbed Langshan and ordered the governor of Langshan to consult the Guangxi Taiping Prefecture to suppress it." (The Records of the Great Southern Chronicles, Vol. 38, p. 44.) ）”
The Black Flag Army Battle Flag - Wu Yazhong Peasant Army and Black Flag Army are from the same gate - Heaven and Earth Rebellion Army
However, Chinese records confirm that it was the Vietnamese government that was facing China for urgent assistance. For example, Xu Yanxu pointed out in the book "History of Vietnamese Lineage": In the spring of the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), the King of Vietnam "consulted the Inspector of Guangxi, Su Fengwen, to ask the soldiers to rescue him." Admiral Feng Zicai led thirty battalions totaling 12,180 men to attack (Sino-French War (I), p. 51. ）。 In October, the Qing government mentioned that the King of Vietnam was in a hurry to ask for help: "Su Fengwen played, received the Vietnamese king's message, and sent troops to help suppress all kinds of situations. The rebel bandit Wu Ya finally colluded with the Vietnamese bandit Xie Jingchuan and other obstacles, and the situation was very rampant. Su Fengwen and other Xun overseers and troops met with the Yi soldiers to suppress them, and they were destroyed at the end of the day. Reading the message of the King of Vietnam, it is urgent that he is waiting for help. The country has long been feudal, obedient and obedient, but it is allowed to disturb the bandit party in the interior and the border corner, why does the deputy imperial court have the intention of huairou yuanren? ...... That is, Su Fengwen, Feng Zicai, and others recruited strong brigades, went their separate ways, crossed the border and attacked quickly, attacked on both sides with the Vietnamese Yi soldiers, quickly annihilated the ugly class, and used the frontier to jingjing, and they must not cross the border and risk far away, ignore it, and laugh at Vietnam. (Records of Emperor Muzong of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 345, p. 413.) ）”
In fact, as early as April of that year, when the Qing government approved the revival of Feng Wen, Feng Zicai, and others about the pursuit and suppression of the peasant army, it instructed them to cooperate with the Vietnamese officials and troops, "informing the Lang Shan Yi officials to attack on both sides and quickly sweeping the border atmosphere (Records of The Records of Emperor Muzong of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 230, pp. 170-171). ）。 Guangxi sent the general Xie Jigui to lead the troops into Vietnam, and the vietnamese secretary said: "The Qing Dynasty's campaign to suppress the camp Ben (more than 4,000 soldiers) entered the place where I lang shan Qiu Chang, ordered Fan Zhixiang to go to greet him, and according to the Qing state style, he received the reward ("Great Southern Records of the Fourth Chronicle", vol. 38, p. 23). ）。 ”
As for Feng Zicai's exit, it was a matter after the Qing government introduced the October Edict. Vietnamese historical records record: "First, the Qing dynasty bandit Wu Kun (a Ya Zhen) sneaked into Gao Yu to harass, and our country was sent by Guangxi Fuchen to the Qing Emperor, and the thirty-first battalion of the Viceroy Feng ZiCai was ordered to lead the Thirty-first Battalion to suppress it (Da Nan Shi Lu Zheng Zhi Ji Ji, vol. 43, p. 18). In the spring of the eighth year of Tongzhi, the Gui army officially entered Vietnam, and in March, "Feng Zicai, the viceroy of the Qing Dynasty, arrived at the border, and the Shang generals would suppress it" (Da Nan Shi Lu Zheng Bian Quaternary, vol. 40, p. 12. ）。 In order to ensure the salary and demand for aiding the Vietnamese and Guizhou troops, the Qing government also "hurriedly made plans to allocate places in the nearby provinces of Guangxi that could be coordinated, specify a real number, allocate 20,000 taels of silver on a monthly basis, and release the Guangdong redemption in the same amount, so as to help the military, and no prevarication was allowed." As soon as the Vietnamese military affairs were completed, the line was stopped (Records of The Ching Mu Tsung, vol. 249, p. 466). ）。 "After Feng Zicai led his army into Vietnam, he went to the northern provinces for 15 months, successively destroyed Wu Yazhong and Liang Tianxi, defeated Huang Chongying and other troops, and paid great sacrifices to aid the Yue Gui army," said the 1023th ("Records of the Great Southern Records, Zheng Ed. Quaternary Chronicles", vol. 42, p. 25. ）。 In June of the ninth year of Tongzhi, the class returned to China, which was the first time that the Gui army was invited to help the Vietnamese pursuit.
Veteran Feng Zicai
However, the reinforcements of the Yue Gui army withdrew, and Huang Chongying, Su Guohan and other troops made a comeback and made a comeback. In August of the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), Taiyuan was appointed by the envoy Ruan Huiyou, and the leading officer Ruan Kewei was defeated. In September, Huang Chongying and other forces defeated Xuanguang and retook Heyang and Anbian, while Deng Zhixiong and others attacked the provincial capital of Gaoping and captured Huang Zao. In October, Su Guohan and others attacked Langshan at night, killing the leading officer Li Wenye and overseeing Duan Shou. In October, Deng Zhixiong defeated the Vietnamese officials and captured The Taiyuan envoys Wu Fan Qi, the governor of Tonghua, Wu Hui ban, the leading officer Wu Wei, and the deputy leading officer Nguyen Van Vu. In November, the Vietnamese army was defeated in Shi County, Shanxi, and the deputy governor Deng Wenhai was killed, and the deputy leading officer Fan Wenwu was taken into captivity. In December, Deng Zhixiong defeated the Official Zun Room in Taiyuan and said that he had killed the leading officer Ruan Youfang. By February of the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), "there were new bandits from Qingdi to join forces with Su and Deng Zhisan, mosquitoes gathered everywhere, the North Yiyi Road was impassable, and the Taiyuan and Hai'an provinces reported to the sun." The situation became more and more serious, and the poor governor of the Northern Dynasty, Huang Zuoyan, had to appeal to Guangxi again for help, and the Vietnamese government "ordered the courtiers to repair the book and consult it" (Da Nan Shi Lu Zheng Ed. Quaternary, vol. 44, p. 9). ）。 ”
The Qing army entered Vietnam
Before that, Feng Zicai had already heard about the situation in northern Vietnam, that is, he led the sixteen battalions of defense troops to Longzhou to garrison and prepare to go out to help the suppression. In February of the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873), the Qing government had a decree: "Feng Zicai was in a good position, and Liu Yuchengxun, the commander-in-chief of the Same Army, swept away the bandits around Trojan Horse, leaving no remnants, and at any time knew that the country would send troops to suppress it (Records of Emperor Muzong of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 306, p. 12). ）。 However, when Guangxi informed the Vietnamese government: "Admiral Feng has been instructed to lead the sixteen battalions of troops to block the border bandits and have chosen a time to leave the customs," the Vietnamese government was worried that the burden would be too heavy. At one point, he proposed to Guangxi that "Feng Shi Daobing was still living in Longzhou and Pingxiang," and "only prayed to send the Taiping Fu officers to be two or three members, and the soldiers yong two and three thousand to come to Hui to suppress them (Da Nan Shi Lu Zheng Bian Quaternary Chronicles, vol. 44, pp. 11-12). ）。 In March, Feng Zicai had to send the general Ben Wei San to help the Vietnamese officers and troops design the reconquest of The Provincial City of Gao Binh; the general Lin Rigui led two battalions into Lang Shan to suppress it, and gradually increased the number of Vietnamese soldiers to the seventeenth battalion. However, in the course of the battle, Feng Zicai found that the Vietnamese officers and troops were ineffective in cooperating in the suppression, and wrote to the Vietnamese government in August: Once the thieves were suppressed, they rushed at will, and did not see the Vietnamese soldiers intercepting and intercepting, although there were wise people, it was difficult to deal with the aftermath. He also stated that he would only deal with the Ping gang bandits, and if the bandits were to be run by the Vietnamese army themselves (Da Nan Shi Lu Zheng Ji Ji, vol. 45, pp. 5-9). ）。 Therefore, after fighting for more than a year and achieving certain victories, according to the instructions of the Qing government in February of the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872): "The Vietnamese suppression of bandits, the fu, etc., in accordance with the previous orders, quickly withdrew from the enemy's armies into the pass, mainly defended, and served in order to consolidate the border and sui the domain (Records of The Qing Muzong, vol. 329, p. 10). "Successively withdrew troops into the customs.
The Qing army in French propaganda posters
After learning of the news that the Gui army wanted the division to return to China, in April, the Vietnamese government proposed that the Gui army remain in Vietnam and continue to pursue and suppress: "The Commander-in-Chief Huang Zuoyan Shang said that the Qing official Liu Yucheng stayed in Taifang interception ("The Great Southern Records of the Fourth Chronicle", vol. 46, p. 30. ）。 "Feng Zicai met the requirements of the Vietnamese government, in May," Feng Zicai wrote, and now obeys the instructions to return to the division, while the Northern Circle has not exhausted the Tranquility, and Liu Yucheng has led six battalions, still staying in Taiyuan, lang shan branch to intercept, and our chinese soldiers have received Nai to withdraw. Special order to reply to the book, in return for good intentions (Da Nan Shi lu Zheng Ed. Quaternary, vol. 46, p. 37. ）。 In fact, these records in Vietnamese history books are not completely accurate. According to feng Zicai's report to the Qing government in June on the reasons for leaving troops to cross the border, it can be seen that because Vietnam was unable to send troops to take over the defense for a while, "Liu Yucheng, the general of the general army, and other governors ordered them to fill in the willows, they chose to build ten battalions to temporarily set up the Zuo Luan area, while taking notes to Vietnam to take over the defense." However, the Vietnamese government had no troops to send, but continued to "divide and defend the aether, and earnestly retain soldiers and courage (Sino-French War (I), p. 63." ）。 This situation continued until the tenth day of March in the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873) "Repeatedly urging troops to be sent to take over, and now for several months, not only are there no troops to receive the battle, but they still need to be helped by the masses (Sino-French War (I), p. 64). ）。 By leap June, Feng Zicai adjusted the strength of the troops to stay in Vietnam, "with the dispatch of the town of Liuzhong, left and right three battalions back to Zaguan wai mule, Wenyuan, Fengfeng and other places, selected the left and right battalions, Jie zi one battalion back to Zaguan Wai Suohong, Daling, Tongqi and other places, in preparation for assistance (Liu Wushen Gong (Changyou) Testament, vol. 16, p. 14. ）。 This is the second time that the Gui Army has been invited to help Vietnam pursue and suppress and leave troops to cross the border.
Qing infantry array
After the Gui Army's class returned to China, Huang Chongying and other stocks went out again and again, and the Vietnamese government had to take advantage of the opportunity of the tribute envoy to enter Beijing and once again appeal to China for urgent assistance. In November of the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873), the Qing government had a decree: "The minister of military aircraft, etc., the ceremonial department, and the Vietnamese envoys to the king to play the ,...... According to the king's song, the bandits in Heyang Xinghua attacked and suppressed alone, and in view of the loss of one or the other, the three bandits under the jurisdiction of Shan, Xing, and Xuan were still rampant, and they asked Rao to send troops to suppress them. The Vietnamese border area was disturbed by bandits, and feng Zicai was ordered to supervise the officers and soldiers to go out of the customs and suppress the office, and it was not appropriate for the soldiers to stay in foreign countries for a long time, and worried about the harassment, it was played by Liu Changyou and others, and the battalions were withdrawn one after another. According to the king's request, he is very fond of the feudal seal and is deeply concerned. At this time, if the officials and troops of western Guangdong ordered them to go out to suppress bandits, whether the country was beneficial or not, and did not go to the place of other troubles, Liu Changyou and Feng Zicai carefully planned and quickly played. He also wrote a biography of the rebbe to inform the king (Records of Emperor Muzong of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 359, p. 757. ）。 "Carefully examining this edict only asked Guangxi whether it could send troops to aid Vietnam, but did not give positive instructions. After receiving this decree, the Vietnamese government urged Guangxi to send troops into Vietnam as soon as possible in the first month of the thirteenth year of Tongzhi: "Receiving the official documents of the Great Qing Dynasty, the envoys of Xu I asked Rao to send troops to attack and suppress the bandits, and after the Qing Emperor ordered Inspector Liu to make arrangements, Feng Ti Du made proper preparations. To hand over the book Liu and Feng, pray for early material (Da Nan Shi Lu Zheng Ji Ji, vol. 50, p. 2. ）。 ”
However, at that time, there were events in Vietnam such as An Ye leading troops to capture Hanoi and the Black Flag Army attacking and killing An Ye, and the Qing government was afraid of being involved in the Franco-Vietnamese contradictions, so it hesitated and hesitated, and did not dare to order Guangxi to send troops into Vietnam. Until the end of the Franco-Vietnamese dispute, Vietnam continued to ask for help" For several months, the Vietnamese king and the officials of the near frontier handed over documents and still asked for help (Sino-French War (I), p. 68. ）。 In July of the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), the Qing government officially ordered the Gui army to enter Vietnam to aid and suppress: "The Cantonese army is stationed in Gaoyu, which is not only for the support of Vietnam, but also for the self-consolidation of Xinjiang." Huang Chongying's stock bandits have been repeatedly defeated by Liu Yongfu, and the opportunities are promising. Liu Changyou had already fed Xu Yanxu and Zhao Wo to observe the military situation of the Vietnamese thieves. He should be given a secret opportunity at any time in order to have a good time (Records of Emperor Muzong of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 368, pp. 111-112). ）。 ”
Qing artillery training
At that time, there were 20 battalions and 8,000 troops stationed in the three provinces of Taiping, Nanning, and Zhenyuan on the Sino-Vietnamese border, which were originally commanded by the named Viceroy Liu Yucheng and Hou Zhidao Qin Yuanyuan. In the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873), Feng Zicai was ostracized due to his exclusion, and "Thinking of Leading diseases" was returned to the word (Sino-French War (I), no. 65. ）。 Liu Changyou, the inspector of Guangxi who was born in the Chu army, wanted to be a member of the Chu camp "from the Chu camp staff (Sino-French War (I), p. 147. Zhao Wo, who was acting as the prefect of Zhen'an as a salt transport envoy, took over the border defense. In June of the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), Qin Yuanyan reported ding's father's worries, and Liu Changyou said: "Change the commission to make up for Zhao Wo's resignation from Zhen'an Prefecture and take over the command of his army nearby (Sino-French War (I), p. 69. ）。 In October, Liu Changyou also divided the battalions commanded by Zhao Wo and the named viceroy Liu Yucheng into two armies on the left and right. Zhao Wo commanded the right army ten battalions to defend the direction of Gaoping, and Liu Yucheng commanded the tenth battalion of the left army to defend the direction of Langshan, as a preparation for entering Vietnam to aid and suppress. In the spring of the first year of Guangxu, because "the king of Vietnam came to consult, he still stated that he had been instructed to go out quickly to assist in the suppression, and the governor of the country, Huang Zuoyan, had sent a leader Liang Junxiu to train a thousand people to be willing to fill the township (Sino-French War (I), p. 71. ）。 Liu Changyou was determined to enter Vietnam to aid and suppress. On the third day of February, Zhao Wo led the tenth battalion of the right road defense army to attack from Heyang in Baole Prefecture, Vietnam, and later, Liu Yucheng also led the ninth battalion of the left road defense army to assist Heyang Road by Gao Ping after eliminating Deng Zhixiong and other units. The Vietnamese government gave Liu Yongfu the title of "Deputy Vice Admiral of Quan Chong San Xuan" to lead the officers and troops of Xinghua, Lang Shan, Gao Binh, and Xuan Quang to cooperate in the battle. "Order the commander Huang Zuoyan to attack the British bandits. The Qing Ben Zhao Dao battalion attacked from the head, Liu Yongfu tuanding attacked from below, and the Shanxi soldier ships, Tumu, and Cat People tongchen would suppress ("The Great Southern Records of the Fourth Chronicle", vol. 53, p. 10. ）。 After nearly four months of fighting, in mid-May, the Right Army conquered Huang Chongying's main base areas, Anbian and Heyang, and then, after two months of hunting, captured Huang Chongying in late July, executed him on the spot, and sent a message to the head of the owl. In early July, the left army also eliminated Zhou Jianxin and other rear forces, and reunited with the right army, sending four battalions and eight battalions to do their best for two months to capture Lu Zhiping's base area of Eryan in late September. After the victory, Liu Changyou originally planned to "enter the customs of the two armies for the first time, make proper arrangements, consolidate border defenses, and still withdraw the amount, and pay the provincial military salaries." Its scattered remnants of Vietnamese bandits should be hunted down by the soldiers of that country on their own, so as not to rearrock our division (Sino-French War (I), p. 83). ）。 In fact, only "ten battalions of the two armies outside Guanwai were successively dispatched to various places, and the remaining ten battalions, because the Vietnamese king and the officials and people of Xuan Guang and Taiyuan went to the camp to stay in the camp, were still searching for and arresting (Sino-French War (I), p. 86). ）。 "This is the third time that the Gui Army has entered Vietnam to aid and suppress and Liuzha has crossed the border.
The Black Flag Army defeated the French Army, which the Qing Dynasty had already begun to recruit Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army
In the fourth year of Guangxu, the Qing general Li Yangcai rebelled against Vietnam, and the momentum was very loud, and the Vietnamese king hurriedly appealed to the Qing government for help: "Heze originally accompanied the viceroy Feng Yingben of Li Yangcai, because he was cut down for his own good faction, he harbored resentment, and gathered tens of millions of rogues, and it was difficult to divide the use of the flag and the army. Now that he has besieged the provincial capital of Langshan Province, he wants to branch out and grow vines, and the situation is very tight, and it is difficult to prevent interception. "Ask the Qing government" to make special and loyal ministers such as Li and the famous public servants on the left, who do not hesitate to drive far away, quickly go to the border areas to garrison the festival, and make a big clean-up, so that the people can live in peace and livelihood, the officials will be diligent in their duties, and the floods will be strictly forbidden, and those who have come will be taken away, and those who will never violate them will ever violate them. The frontier is cut and the edge is eternal (Sino-French War (I), pp. 160-161. ）。 In October, the Qing government ordered Feng Zicai to supervise the suppression of vietnamese bandits: "Feng Zicai was more familiar with the situation in the country after suppressing Vietnamese bandits, that is, he led his troops out of customs and supervised the suppression of the camera ("Sino-French Vietnam negotiations", p. 88). Before that, Zhao Wo had led the ninth battalion of the defense army out of the customs to pursue and suppress, and fought several small victories, and the inspector of Guangxi, Yang Chongya, was allowed to recruit, "The old and the new bravely did not less than five or six thousand people (Records of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 79; p. 7). ）。 But at the Battle of New Street in November, Zhao Wo's forces were defeated. On November 29, Feng Zicai set off from Liuzhou, the seat of the Viceroy of Guangxi, and arrived in Longzhou in December, that is, Zhao Wo handed over the records of the former internal and external military heroes and civilian and military personnel, took over the reunification on the eighteenth, and slightly rectified, that is, on the twenty-eighth day, he set off from the Longzhou Hall, scheduled to leave the customs on the first day of the first month of the fifth year of Guangxu, and after about twenty battalions of the old and new troops left the customs, after four months of fighting, Feng Zicai led his army to defeat Li Yangcai's main force in Eryan, and after five months of searching, finally captured Li Yangcai at Taiyuan Longshan Mountain. He was escorted back to the provincial capital of Guangxi province to correct the Fa and passed it on to the Vietnamese region. The battle was very fierce, and Liu Kunyi, the governor of Liangguang, once wrote to someone, "This time Feng Junmen's troops died of miasma and their hands and siblings festered, and there were many people in vain ("Sino-French Vietnam Negotiations File", p. 139." ）。 "Inspector Zhang Shusheng of Guangxi once played a song about the results of the battle." In just one year, there were no less than a hundred strongholds in Kechao, no less than 10,000 thieves who had been killed and scattered, and no less than a thousand and hundreds of soldiers who had died in battle and sick, and the speed of the attack and the tragic casualties were not in the previous session ("Zhang Jingdagong (Shusheng) Concerto", vol. 5, p. 13). ）。 ”
Long before the end of the war, Liu Kunyi, the governor of Liangguang, received a message from the King of Vietnam in February of the fifth year of Guangxu, asking the Qing army to "tighten the charge of the Li rebel bandit party, and as soon as possible, the remnants of the bandits that have always been sneaking away will be eliminated." In addition, three or five battalions were left to live in bulletproof pressure ("Sino-French-Vietnamese Negotiations", p. 104. ）。 "After the Aid Vietnamese Gui Army captured Li Yangcai, the Qing government had ordered the various armies outside guanwai to withdraw one after another to save their wages (Sino-French-Vietnamese Negotiations, p. 133). ）。 However, on October 19, Liu Kunyi received another message from the King of Vietnam requesting the king of Vietnam to retain troops to assist in the suppression: "If Governor Von Hoon is not allowed to stay, he is fortunate to pray that he will stay in the four or five battalions of Gui Ben Zhi Chen Yi Mo and other four or five battalions as before, which is enough to explore and take care of the overall situation and take care of the aftermath, so that he can be permanently posted and will not be burdened with labor and expenses ("Sino-French Vietnam Negotiations File", p. 138). ）。 The Qing government agreed to this request. In February of the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), the new governor of Liangguang, Zhang Shusheng, said: "The army was withdrawn from the Vietnamese Kai into the pass, and the minister Feng Zicai dismissed the battalions, and selected the twelve battalions of the Deli Brave Brigade, distributed in Taiping and Zhen'an along the Border Ka Pass and the area of Gaoping and Muma near Vietnam. ）。 This is the fourth time that the Gui Army entered Vietnam to aid and suppress and left troops to cross the border.
The elderly Liu Yongfu - The Vietnamese still relied on him to help suppress bandits and deal with the French
After the Gui army withdrew to the border, the Vietnamese domestic depression re-emerged, and the Vietnamese officers and troops fought in the east and west, exhausted. In May of the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), the king of Vietnam exclaimed: "After decades of military revival in the north, the soldiers have been trapped in Lan Miasma, and the people are tired and flying, hoping to obtain rough security, in order to relieve the suffering of the soldiers and the people." It is not said that this thief is not at peace, but he is a thief again. He was already worried about the resurgence of the rest of the embers, and he gave instructions first, but he did not know what the emperor had done? It was reported that Lu Zhiping straightened the north, And Li Zongye divided the tun to join forces, and his party Li Yasheng, Li Qiming, Huang Dacai, Zhao San, su er, and others interfered with Beiyu, and Qin Sidi, Pan Rulin, Huang Er, Xie Fushan, Pan Liu, Li Da, and others trampled on Xuanzhi, which is particularly strange and hateful (Da Nan Shi lu Zheng Ji Ji, vol. 63, pp. 38-39). ）。 In desperation, the Vietnamese king called on China to send troops into Vietnam to rebel against the Jing Domain in the same year, but the Qing government was often attacked by "Vietnamese bandits, and it was difficult for Chinese officers and soldiers to go deep and arrest them." "There was no immediate permission to send troops (Records of emperor Qing Dezong, vol. 121, p. 4. ）。 The King of Vietnam continued to request that the Qing government instruct the Governor of Liangguang in the first month of the seventh year of Guangxu (1881): "In its vicinity, there are still Zhang Shusheng and Qing Yu Governors guarding the camp, and choosing to hold it." In the event of bandits, be sure to suppress the strength and support the king, and the overseer will soon pass on this decree to the king. Li Yasheng and other bandits attacked Gao Ping'an, and after the governor Huang Guilan intercepted and killed many thieves, he still ordered the viceroy to take advantage of the opportunity and seriously arrest them in order to curb the atmosphere of thieves (Records of Emperor Qing Dezong, vol. 126, p. 19). ）。 At the end of the same year, due to the needs of the defense law, the Qing government gradually increased the number of troops entering Vietnam, and still focused on helping to suppress the law in the defense law, and in the tenth year of Guangxu, it successively killed Lu Zhiping, Yang Dagang, Li Yasheng, and so on, and recruited Qin Sidi. This was the fifth time that the Gui Army had entered Vietnam to assist in the suppression.
In summary, it can be seen that the Gui army entered Vietnam to assist in the suppression of Vietnam at the invitation of the Vietnamese government, and was withdrawn after paying great manpower and material sacrifices and achieving certain achievements. As for the troops who remained across the border, it was also due to the requirements of the Vietnamese government that they did not take advantage of the danger of others and forcibly occupy Vietnamese territory. The later aid to the Vietnamese resistance was also a continuation of this kind of entry into Vietnam and the suppression of Vietnam, and there was no ambition to invade and occupy Vietnamese territory.
(Source: Southeast Asia)