1. Xin You coup
The Xin You coup was a palace coup d'état initiated by Empress Dowager Cixi and Prince Gong Yixuan after the death of Emperor Xianfeng in 1861 (the eleventh year of Xianfeng). Defeated the forces of the Eight Ministers. As chancellor of the Government of Zanxiang (also known as the Eight Ministers of Gu Ming), The Crown Prince Zaichun was made emperor and the chief regent of the dynasty, named after the Year of Xia Li Xin. It was also called "QiXiang Coup" because of the change of its QiXiang era name, also known as the "Beijing Coup".
Emperor Xianfeng died of illness at the Rehe Summer Resort Palace (in present-day Chengde, Hebei Province), and the eight ministers, including Zaiyuan and Sushun, had serious conflicts with the new emperor Zaichun's biological mother, Empress Dowager Yehenara (i.e., Empress Dowager Cixi), who instigated the Xianfeng Emperor's empress dowager Niuhulu (i.e., Empress Dowager Ci'an) to fight for power with the eight ministers, and instructed Yushi Dongyuan to go to court to ask the empress dowager to listen to the government, which was immediately resisted by the eight ministers. On the other hand, the most recent prince of the clan, Yi Chen, the Xianfeng Dynasty minister, Senggelinqin, and the military minister Wen Xiang were also extremely dissatisfied that they were excluded from the supreme power. So the Yehenara clan joined forces with Yi Bi and others to launch a coup d'état.
From then on, Empress Dowager Cixi and Ci'an began to bow to the government. But in fact, Cixi held the supreme power of the Qing government for forty-seven years.
2. The Liaoshen Campaign ends
The Battle of Liaoshen was one of the "three major battles" of the Liberation War in modern Chinese history, which began on September 12, 1948 and ended on November 2, 1948, lasting a total of 52 days. The Chinese Communist Party called it the Liaoshen Campaign, and the Chinese Nationalist Party called it the Battle of Liaoxi, also known as the "Battle of Liaoshen."
After the battle, for the first time, the Chinese People's Liberation Army surpassed the Nationalist army in terms of number of troops.
3. Physicist Yan Keats
Yan Keats (1901.1.23 - 1996.11.2), spectral name Ze Rong, scientific name Yu Ci, Keats, character Huating, Mu Guang, trumpet Zixiang, Factory Buddha, Shore Buddha, Zhejiang Dongyang people, physicists, educators, is one of the founders of Modern Physics Research in China, one of the founders of China's optical research and optical instrument development work, china's first person to study crystal piezoelectric effect.
Yan Keats graduated from Nanjing Higher Normal School (now Nanjing University) and the Department of Physics of Southeast University in 1923; in 1935, he was elected as a director of the French Physical Society; in 1948, he was elected as an academician of the Academia Sinica; after 1952, he became the president of the Northeast Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; after 1955, he was elected as a member (academician) of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; after 1958, he successively served as vice president and president of the University of Science and Technology of China, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, executive chairman of the presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology He is the vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology and the vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Jiusan Society.
Yan Keats has made important achievements in piezoelectric crystallography, spectroscopy, atmospheric physics and applied optics. He accurately determined the "inverse phenomenon" of the Curie piezoelectric effect and discovered the light birefringence effect; systematically studied the torque onset phenomenon applied by the crystal cylinder and discovered the law of crystal torque; in-depth study of the spectrum of alkali metal vapor, found that the effective cross-section value of the axially symmetrical molecule did not match the Fermi-Reinsberg equation, and provided rich experimental proof for the Stark effect in atomic physics; in the ozone layer test study of atmospheric physics, he accurately determined the ultraviolet absorption coefficient of ozone. It has been used by meteorologists around the world for 30 years; he has also studied the effects of pressure control phase latex on the photosensitive properties and found that pressure can weaken the light sensitivity of latex.
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