Overview of the development of the wool and wool yarn processing industry
1. Overview of wool and wool yarn processing industry
The wool and wool yarn processing industry in the textile industry refers to the processing of combs with wool and wool-type chemical fibers as raw materials, and the processing of spinning yarns is carried out according to the wool spinning process (combing, coarse carding, semi-combing), from wool to wool /velvet strips mainly through the process of washing, combing, combing, processing and so on.
Wool is mainly made up of protein. The use of wool by humans dates back to the Neolithic Age, spread from Central Asia to the Mediterranean sea and other parts of the world, and became the main textile raw material in Asia and Europe. Wool fiber is soft and elastic and can be used to make textiles such as wool, fleece, blankets, felt and so on. Wool products have the characteristics of plump feel, good warmth, and comfortable wearing. Sheep wool accounts for a considerable proportion of textile raw materials. The world's wool production is large, such as Australia, the former Soviet Union, New Zealand, Argentina, And China. Wool is divided into 5 categories according to fine wool, semi-fine wool, long wool, hybrid wool, and coarse wool according to fineness and length. Chinese sheep wool varieties include Mongolian wool, Tibetan wool and Kazakh wool. The main factors in assessing wool quality are fineness, curl, colour, strength and weed content.
Raw wool needs to be initially processed into washed wool before spinning. During processing, the wool quality tends to be uniform by selecting the wool, and then the wool is fluffy by opening the hair to beat the soil to improve the washing effect. The wool is then washed to form a stable emulsion of lanolin, and the dirty impurities are floated in the washing liquid, which can be treated to obtain wet hairs with a water content of about 40% and then dried. In the production, the joint machine is used to continuously operate once to obtain the washing of the wool, and then enter the wool manufacturing process; the wool is stretched and thinned on the spinning machine and then enters the textile process.
2. Process flow of washed wool:
(1) The raw material package is opened and decomposed into blocks, and the raw wool is sorted by a special person, and all the weeds and other substances in the wool are picked out; the selected hair enters the washing process. Water temperature control: one tank 50 °C, two tanks 65 °C-70 °C, three tanks 55 °C -60 °C, four tanks of cool water, five tanks 40 °C.
(2) After adding water in the sink, start to add hair washing agent and tablet alkali: one tank does not add, two tanks add shampoo 30 kg, three slots add hair detergent 20 kg; then add tablet alkali 2 kg in the second slot, add tablet alkali in the third slot 1 kg; then add 10 kg of hair detergent in each of the two and three slots every 1.5 hours, add 1 kg of tablet alkali in each tank, and do not add in other slots.
(3) The hair washing agent component is a nonionic surfactant with a concentration of 20%; the tablet alkali is commonly known as fire alkali, with a concentration of 0.005%. The pH of each slot is controlled between 8-9 pH; the sorted wool enters one slot first, then enters the second slot, and so on. The wool that comes out of the five grooves is washed and washed wool, which is directly sent to the drying box for drying;
(4) The driving speed is controlled at 330kg/h, and the oil content of the washed wool is between 1% and 13.%, and the impurity rate is 0.3%. ；
(5) The main pollutant produced by the production line is the wool washing wastewater, and there is a small amount of grass residue and other debris in the wool selection process. In the process of washing hair, because the first tank of cleaning water is the dirtiest, so the first tank of washing water will be discharged after washing once, the second tank of cleaning water circulation into the first tank for the first cleaning, the third tank of cleaning water circulation into the second tank, the fourth tank of cleaning water circulation into the third tank, the fifth tank of cleaning water circulation into the fourth tank, the fifth tank is the fresh water added. Maximizes water recycling.
3. The development of the industry
Related report: Beijing Puhua Youce Information Consulting Co., Ltd. "Wool and wool yarn processing industry market prospect forecast and development strategy research report"
As the world's largest wool processor and consumer, China imports more than 300,000 tons of net wool every year, accounting for more than 80% of the wool used in domestic wool textile raw materials. With the increasing favor of pure natural fibers, the demand for imported fine wool in the woollen industry has increased significantly. The Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resources Economics predicts that China's wool imports will continue to maintain a growth trend, and will grow by 124,000 tons on the basis of 2010 in 2025 to 427,000 tons.
China's dependence on imported wool continues to increase, for the following reasons: First, the lack of domestic fine wool supply. The domestic textile industry mainly demands about 70 fine wool, but the domestic fine wool is mainly 64 to 66, which leads to the embarrassing situation that most of the domestic wool cannot meet the needs of the wool spinning industry, and the fine wool almost all rely on imports. The reason is that China's wool production methods are backward, mostly small-scale decentralized breeding by farmers; and the feeding of fine wool sheep is affected by the meat and sheep industry, which makes the fine wool sheep breed have a downward trend, which in turn leads to a decline in wool quality. Second, the domestic wool circulation market order is chaotic. The domestic wool industry market circulation is in a relatively extensive state, and there is a lack of management in socialized services, professional division of labor, quality inspection, wool sales and other links. Compared with foreign industries, the lack of wool grading and auction links in China's wool circulation system makes it difficult to achieve uneven wool quality and high quality and good price. Third, the price advantage of imported wool is becoming more and more obvious. This will have a further impact on China's wool industry. Therefore, while strengthening technical input, cultivating or improving wool sheep breeds, formulating and establishing wool import strategies and wool import information early warning mechanisms, we should also unify domestic wool quality standards, promote notarization and inspection systems, establish wool grading systems, and build and standardize circulation channels to prevent imported wool from affecting the sustainable development of China's wool industry.
4. The life cycle of the industry
The characteristics of China's wool and wool textile processing industry are mainly manifested in the fact that the growth rate has dropped to a relatively normal level, which is relatively stable, and the annual sales volume changes and profit growth are small, and the competition is more intense. In the later period, some enterprises withdrew from the industry due to dissatisfaction with the return on investment, and a small number of enterprises dominated the industry, monitoring potential merger opportunities, exploring new markets, developing new technologies, and developing new products with different characteristics and functions became the most important parts of strategic management. Therefore, the wool and linen textile processing industry has entered a mature period.
5. While the industry enters a high degree of scale and high specialization, the international competition will become more intense
Due to the characteristics of small-scale decentralized breeding, backward technology, lack of funds and lack of regulatory services formed by the upstream raw material wool wool breeding subdivision industry in China's wool and wool yarn processing industry for a long time, it has led to the current circulation and primary processing enterprises with serious surplus, low market concentration, limited raw material resources, serious vicious competition, and low industry profit level. Under the guidance of the relevant central ministries and commissions and local governments to vigorously support backbone enterprises to become bigger and stronger, the wool and wool yarn processing industry is undergoing a historic industrial integration, and it is foreseeable that in the near future, a number of highly large-scale and highly specialized wool and wool yarn processing enterprises will emerge.
At the same time, with the gradual lifting of tariff barriers between China and Australia and other wool countries, the international competition in the wool wool market will become more intense, which will also be a historic challenge for domestic wool and wool yarn processing enterprises.
