Sarawak, formerly known as Sarawak, is also known in Malay as "Bumi Kenyalang"; located in the northwest of Borneo, it is the largest state in Malaysia, and Sabah is the two administrative regions of Malaysia on the territory of Borneo. The capital is Kuching, the economic and political center of the state. In the past two decades, the demand for logging and palm oil gardens has made sarawak's original rainforest loss rate the highest in the world. ”
Written| by Peter Petersen (https://amazonas.dk/)
Translated | Flair Wang
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Sarawak, Borneo
The local endemic proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
The Flat-tailed House Gecko (Hemidactylus platyurus) is common near Kuching in Sarawak. They appear to feed primarily on cockroaches, which is probably why they are common in human residential areas
The largest individual we found was about 12 cm in total length
The ashes of the fire attract butterflies such as Vindula dejone, Trogonoptera brookiana and eurema hecabe
Xylocopa latipes (Xylocopa latipes) have stunning iridescent hues on their wings in the right light
This red-winged flying lizard (Draco haematopogon) flew over our heads and landed in a nearby tree
Delias hyparete
Sometimes, with only a small difference in angle, you can take a completely different photo. Keep an eye out for this white pink butterfly
Neurothemis fluctuans
Lunar-spotted dragonfly next to a small river
This fast-flowing blackwater river is home to a special freshwater fish and a popular ornamental fish. It's great to finally see their habitat
We found the star-spotted rock loach (ctenocephalus; Gastromyzon ctenocephalus). They nibble on algae and biofilms on rocks
They are diurnal and very lively, always foraging and moving around large rocks with agility. The water temperature here is 21 °C
Another species we find here is the Marshosaurus martensii. The species belongs to the family Syngnathidae. The largest individual we found was about 10 cm long
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02
<h3 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Shilongmen Bau</h3>
We have also found aquat climbing loach in such clear water habitats. Here is the right tributary of the Sarawak River (Sungai Sarawak Kanan): coordinates 1°23'53.1"N 110°06'59.1"E
This male star-spotted rock loach is in the breeding period. The water depth here is only about 15 cm, and the flow rate is very fast
This is what the habitat of the star-dotted rock loach looks like from above
The coordinates here are 1°32'23.1"N 110°08'45.8"E. We found many interesting species here
This is a pair of star-spotted rock-climbing loach ready to breed. The male (front) gently touches the female and tries to stimulate her
Nemacheilus saravacensis feeds on fish and snail eggs, worms, insect larvae and small crustaceans
The body stripe of the salamai is varied and can be immediately changed in body color for camouflage
Salamarin usually lives in small groups of 4-8 loaches. They look peaceful
The younger the salamarine loach, the lighter the body color, and may be better camouflaged
The yellow-winged gold-faced flying fox appears to be a common fish in Sarawak. We found this species in the rivers with the most gentle and fastest flows. They live in small groups, and some individuals live alone
I noticed that most yellow-winged gold-faced flying foxes appeared to have wounds and scars on their noses. But I never observed any fights. I'm still not sure why they hurt
But those who live alone don't seem to have such signs. Therefore, perhaps the yellow-winged gold-faced flying fox will hurt each other during mating and so on
Both males and females of yellow-winged gold-faced flying foxes seem to have this problem
Just about 5 km from where the type specimen was found, we found the yellow-spotted Gastromyzon stellatus. The individual is approximately 5 cm long. Notice the 2 dark brown stripes in the caudal fin. It can only be seen when the fish is stationary and the fins are folded
Young individuals of yellow-spotted sucker loach appear to be lighter in color, but the blue caudal fin remains. Compared to other species in the basin, this species appears to be rare in the right tributary of the Sarawak River. I only observed less than 10 individuals. The body length is approximately 3 cm
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<h3 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Matang</h3>
I can't identify this gem orchid (Goodyera sp.). It may be a new species. There are more than 1,700 species of orchids registered in Borneo, but no one knows how many orchids are hidden in the rainforest
There are 5-point crucian carp (Cyrus four-whiskered fish; Barbodes sealei), tennis shrimp (Atyopsis moluccensis) and large red-tailed scissors (Rasbora caudimaculata). The position here is 1°36'46.4"N 110°12'10.5"E
Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus moves very fast. This is the only photo I took before it disappeared
In this clearwater river, we found some freshwater fish that are well known in the aquarium trade
My wildlife photographer friend Dan. Dan Olsen, with a female human-faced spider (Nephila pilipes) about 20 cm in size on a branch. Males are less than 1 cm
Wildlife photographer – Dan. Dan Olsen
Sarawak lanterns are a common freshwater fish in the state. It can grow up to 5 cm and is usually found in shoals formed by the rapid flow of rivers
The Sarawak lamp appears to feed on detritus and insect larvae drifting in the water
Pseudogobiopsis oligactis in the Sarawak River seems to be common. I can find them in almost every stream. Although I often notice that they eat brushed algae and blue-green algae that feed into the base bed when looking for small fry and insect larvae, they don't seem to eat algae
In Matang, we enter the dim habitat of an interesting green tropical freshwater fish
This is the best photograph of my Diamond Red Lotus (Sundadanio margarition). Due to the dim habitat, I did not make any interesting observations of this species
In a blackwater stream leading to a larger, dimly lit river, we spotted the Betta ibanorum. The depth of the stream is about 15-20 cm
The flow rate of this stream is relatively fast
Even though this doesn't look like a fish colony habitat, we've found some interesting species in this shallow, wet rainforest. These include the bright red Betta brownorum and one of the smallest fish in the world
We met Paedocypris micromegethes, one of the smallest vertebrates on Earth. It grows completely to only about 1.2 cm. On the right are the males and in the middle are the females
In this flooded rainforest habitat, we further discovered the flaming red crucian carp (Rasbora kalochroma). The dark black water community habitat is like a large swamp. I measured the water temperature here at 25 °C
Our excellent tour guide Michael Lo showed us the real five-room crucian carp (Desmopuntius pentazona)
One of the biggest predators here is the widely distributed line snakehead (Channa striata). The species is found throughout much of Southeast Asia. It can grow up to about 100 cm
Wiregills can breathe air on the surface of the water through the gill organs. This is the perfect adaptation when dissolved oxygen decreases in dry season water
Trails often lead to interesting places
Rain often brings new and interesting species. But the visibility of the river prevented us from taking good pictures and videos
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<h3 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Batang Sadong</h3>
This is a freshwater shrimp that has not yet been described. This white-striped long-armed shrimp (Macrobrachium sp.) may be a new species, but locals may know them well
In this stream we find an interesting Bornean loach. The water temperature here is 22 °C
Gastromyzon farragus were described in 2006
Variegated sucker loach appears to feed mainly on silicon algae
Variegated sucker loach is ideal for river rapids. Due to their body size and fin type, they consume the least amount of energy
Variegated sucker loach has a very distinctive body stripe
Due to habitat loss and pollution, populations of variegated loach are vulnerable
Here we also found the yellow-winged gold-faced flying fox
I also observed some tadpoles that reminded me of the South American beetle catfish Loricariidae.
This tadpole is a competitor to the variegated belly loach because they also feed primarily on silicon algae
This article is written by Peter Petersen, translated by Flair Wang, original source:
｜https://amazonas.dk/index.php/articles/borneo
To be continued...
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