Gobies are a collective term for the gobies of the gobies of the family Gobies and are a small carnivorous fish. Each of them has its own characteristics, such as "pygmy goby", "common goby", etc., is the largest family of fish, known to more than 2100 species. They appear short , only a few centimeters long , have two vertebral fins , and mostly inhabit tropical waters , some of which live in rivers , streams , and lakes. Gobies are a member of a family of native Chinese fish with a large number and variety, and are one of the smallest vertebrates in the world.
Basic introduction
Gobies Gobies, also known as millennium fish, English name: Eucyclogobiusnewberryi, belongs to the order Perch, gobies suborder. It is characterized by an elongated body with two vertebral fins. The first has several tiny spines, a series of small sensory organs on the head and sides, a rounded tail, and bright colors all over the body. Some species, such as the European crystal goby, appear transparent in color. Most adult fish are about 10 cm long, and a gobies distributed in the Philippines is only 13 mm long, making it one of the smallest vertebrates in the world. Distributed around the world, there are about 800 species in the world, most of them inhabit tropical seawater, is a small carnivorous fish. Most (about 700 or more species) belong to the gobies family. There are a large number of gobies in the steep water lake in Shangyou County, Jiangxi Province, China.
Appearance characteristics
Gobies are characterized by their slender bodies and small size, most of which are shorter than 10 cm. There are two ridge fins. The first has several tiny spines, a series of small sensory organs on the head and sides, a rounded tail, and bright colors all over the body. Some species, such as the European crystal goby, appear transparent in color.
The most prominent morphological feature of gobies is the healing of their ventral fins into a suction cup. The function of this suction cup is similar to that of the dorsal fin sucker of the fish and the ventral fin of the roundfin family, but it is a very different structure in the anatomy and is therefore only the result of convergent evolution.
The world's smallest vertebrates are the Gobies of the trimmatom and Pandaka spp., which are also shorter than 1 cm when fully mature, and a goby species distributed in the Philippines is only 13 mm long. There are also larger gobies, such as gobioides, which can be more than 30 cm long, but this is a rare exception.
Key features
They inhabit mainly seawater and are a small carnivorous fish, mostly (about 70
More than 0 species of gobies) species belong to the gobies family. They are characterized by an elongated body with two vertebral fins. The first has several tiny spines, a series of small sensory organs on the head and sides, a rounded tail, and bright colors all over the body. Some species, such as the European crystal goby, appear transparent in color. Most adult fish are about 10 cm long, and a gobies distributed in the Philippines is only 13 mm long, making it one of the smallest vertebrates in the world.
Various goby species form the taxonomic gobiidae family, also known as the goby family. It is the largest family of fish, with more than 2,000 known species. Most are small, generally shorter than 10 cm. The world's smallest vertebrates are trimmatom and Pandaka gobies, which are shorter than 1 cm when fully mature. Of course, there are also some larger goby gobys, such as gobioides, which can be more than 30 cm long, but this is a rare exception.
Species characteristics
They are characterized by an elongated body with two vertebral fins. The first has several tiny spines, a series of small sensory organs on either side of the head and gobies, a rounded tail, and bright colors all over the body. Some species, such as the European crystal goby, appear transparent in color. Most adult fish are about 10 cm long, and a gobies distributed in the Philippines is only 13 mm long, making it one of the smallest vertebrates in the world.
Various gobies form the taxonomic gobiidae family, also known as the goby family. It is the largest family of fish, with more than 2,000 known species. Most are small, generally shorter than 10 cm. The world's smallest vertebrates are the Gobies of the genus Trimmatom and Pandaka, which are also shorter than 1 cm when fully mature. There are also larger gobies, such as gobies, which can be more than 30 cm long, but this is a rare exception. There are many species of goby, such as the goby, which is native to the eastern Pacific, which inhabits sandy burrows or mud, and some live with other animals. For example, a small pink blind goby in California lives in a hole dug by some shrimp animals. There is also a small gobies with a distinctive blue ring, produced in the Caribbean Sea, and also like to nest with other animals. They tend to act as cleaners for other big fish, eating the parasites on them.
features
Fish of the gobies subfamily generally protect their eggs, often laying them in shellfish
Gobies shells, rocks and other places that are not easy to eat.
The tidal goby (scientific name: Eucyclogobius newberryi) that inhabits the coastline is decreasing year by year and is an endangered animal.
In the lakes of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, gobies have become "invasive alien species" and are one of the culprits of the extinction of local indigenous species.
The most prominent morphological feature of gobies is the healing of their ventral fins into a suction cup. The function of this suction cup is similar to that of dorsal fin suction cup and the ventral fin suction cup of the roundfin fish family, but it is a very different structure in anatomy and is therefore only the result of convergent evolution. Wild gobies can often be seen with suction cups attached to rocks or corals, and in aquariums they are also happy to suck on the glass of the tank.
Although gobies themselves are not an important food source for people, they are important prey for many economic fish such as cod, haddock, black perch and flounder. Some gobies are still popular in aquariums, such as brachygobius.
Distribution range
There are many species of goby, such as the goby, which is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, which inhabit sandy soils
Gobies burrow or in the mud, and some live with other animals. For example, a small pink blind goby in California lives in a hole dug by some shrimp animals. There is also a small gobies with a distinctive blue ring, produced in the Caribbean Sea, and also like to nest with other animals. They tend to act as cleaners for other big fish, eating the parasites on them.
Living environment
Gobies are largely found in shallow marine environments, including intertidal puddles, coral reefs and seagrass
Gobies ranch; they are also abundant in seawater and estuarine habitats, including lower river streams, mangrove wetlands and salt marshes. A few species (not yet fully understood, but fewer than a few hundred) are fully adaptable to freshwater environments. These include rhinogobius spp in Asian rivers, Redigobius in the Australian desert and Padagobius martensii in Europe.
Related species
1. Tidal gobies
Scientific name: Eucyclogobiusnewberryi
It is found all over the world, especially in the tropics. There are about 800 species in the world, mainly inhabiting the seawater, and are a small class of carnivorous fish, most of which (about 700 species or more) belong to the goby family. They are characterized by an elongated body
Gobies with two ridge fins. Each one has several tiny spines, the head has a series of small senses on both sides, the tail is rounded, and the body has bright colors. Some species, such as the European crystal goby, appear transparent in color. Most adult fish are about 10 cm long, and a goby species distributed in the Philippines is only 13 mm long, making it one of the smallest vertebrates in the world.
There are many species of goby, such as the goby, which is native to the eastern Pacific, which inhabits sandy burrows or mud, and some live with other animals. Little pink blind goby, for example, in California, lives in holes dug by some shrimp animals. There is also a small gobies with a distinctive blue ring, produced in the Caribbean Sea, and also like to nest with other animals. They tend to act as cleaners for other big fish, eating the parasites on them. Fish in the gobies subfamily generally pay attention to protecting their eggs, often laying their eggs in places such as carapace and rocks that are not easily eaten. The population of tidal gobys inhabiting the coastline is decreasing year by year and is an endangered animal.
2. Small goby
The latest short-lived vertebrate in the world, confirmed by Australian biologists, the African toothed carp (Nothobranchiusfurzeri), a small gobies that live in Australia, have a maximum lifespan of 8 weeks.
3. Ctenophora goby
Scientific name: Ctenogobiusgiurinus (Rutter)
Place name: Lushan stone fish, spring fish
The head is slightly flattened and the snout is blunt. The end of the mouth is located, and the lower jaw is slightly protruding. The body is scaled and the head is bare. 2 dorsal fins, separated from each other. Ventral fin pectoral position, healing left and right into suction cups. Males have longer dorsal fins and fins. Benthic small fish, adults live in stone crevices.
Gobies feed on a variety of aquatic invertebrates. Eggs are laid from April to June, and the eggs adhere to the stone. Juvenile fish have a swarm retrospective habit and can be caught in large quantities and processed into foods with special flavors. It is widely distributed, almost all over the world except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
4. Six-point shrimp tiger
Also known as six-point shrimp tiger. There is a light blue body with several blue spots on the cheeks. In order to better raise this fish, more than 200 liters of bottom sand should be added, and the bottom sand is preferably biological. Rarely attacks other gobies, but is territorially aware and will fight with the same fish unless they are a pair. Likes to forage in the bottom sand, will hold a mouthful of sand, filter out the creatures in it. Foods including live or frozen shrimp, live black worms, and other animal-based baits should be fed regularly.
5. Gobies with gold thread
Blue-black body with several horizontal yellow stripes extending from the head to the tail. Aquariums of more than 50 liters are reared and require sufficient hiding places. Suitable for putting into coral tanks, it filters the bottom sand to get the algae. Friendly to other species of fish and does not harass invertebrates in the tank. It is easy to feed and can be a variety of seafood, algae, worms and nutrient-rich sea shrimp and bran shrimp.
6. Blue striped gobies
The body of this species is black and blue, with a bright blue stripe that extends from the eye to the end of the tail. It looks like a neon sign. Aquarium rearing can help other fish remove parasites and can control the occurrence of some diseases. Friendly to other fish, but fighting against the same species for territorial reasons, unless they are a pair. A variety of live or frozen seawater shrimp, frozen bran shrimp and other frozen animal feeds can be fed.
7. Orange gobies
The body of this fish is black to orange, varies greatly, and has a thin blue line on the side of the body. It inhabits only living staghorn coral (ACropora) bushes, and the same is true from water, so it is called lemon coral goby. Plankton eaters, have strong field behavior, and are raised in aquariums with corals. Rarely attacks other fish, but attacks their own kind in small tanks. It is best to polyculture with other fish with a mild temperament. Usually in aquaria
Gobies spawn in boxes. Beware of staghorn corals or similar SPS corals, which will lay their eggs on the branches of the coral, which will form a membrane on the surface of the coral that lays the eggs. But if conditions are right, the coral will regenerate the membrane-covered area.
8. Sea whip goby
The fish of this genus has a small snout, a slightly transparent body, a rich change in body color, the front half of the body is mostly scaleless, the second half is only available, and the scales are extremely small. This species of fish inhabits only The hydrangea hydrangea (Juncella fragiliS). Feeding plankton, the difficulty in keeping this fish is that it needs to live with gorgonian corals.
9. White-backed goby
The head and back of this species have a distinct white or light brown band from head to tail, black with irregular pale patches on the sides and abdomen, orange-yellow membranes on each fin, and several spots. Benthic creatures, like to be buried in sand with only their heads exposed.
Other Information
legend
Gobies, which may have mucus on the body and slippery reasons, are commonly known as light fish. Listen to the old man tell the story
Gobies: "When the Dragon King summoned the fish of the Aquarium to a meeting to determine their lifespan. Many fish, including yellow croaker, knife fish, mackerel, high-eyed fish, etc., were also light fish. The Dragon King asked the fish how many years they wanted to live. The fish said according to their own situation, three years, five years, eight years and ten years. After hearing this, the Dragon King felt that the fish's request was very practical, so he agreed to it. At this time, the fish thought to himself, I am much faster than you, I should be the king of the fish. So he blurted out, "I am one foot long in a year, one foot in ten years, and thirty years to catch up with the old Dragon King." The Dragon King was shocked when he heard this, and then he was furious: "You were born and died that year." In this way, the goby fell into the fate of being born and dying that year. But it does grow fast.
Shortest-lived vertebrates
Researchers at James Cook University in Queensland, Australia, have found that gobies are the world
The shortest-lived vertebrate on gobies. This reef fish can live up to 59 days. The findings were published in a recent issue of the journal Modern Biology.
Dr. Dipsys iske said he stumbled upon a world record holder while studying the role of tiny and mysterious reef fish in ecosystems.
Gobies' otoliths uncover the secrets of their short and exciting lives. Located in the ears of fish, otoliths are a structure made of calcium, like the inner ear of humans, that helps maintain balance in the body. They pile up minerals like layers of skin on the outside of an onion. Over time, they became a common tool for fish research. Gobies add a new layer of minerals to their ear stones every day.
Dr. Dipsisik said the otolith acts a bit like a black box in an airplane. "When gobies hatch and appear on coral reefs, we can track and observe them because as soon as gobies start living on coral reefs, the density of otoli minerals changes," he said. ”
Gobies are generally 1 cm to 2 cm long, and after hatching, they quickly become larvae, and then swim in the open sea for three weeks to find a coral reef that can be settled. It is here that they breed offspring and spend their entire lives. Female gobies spawn after 25 days, releasing a total of about 400 eggs. The job of male gobies is to protect these vulnerable eggs at all times.
The name is very rare
Various gobies form the taxonomic gobiidae family, also known as the goby family. It is the largest family of fish, with more than 2,000 known species. Most are small, generally shorter than 10 cm. The smallest vertebrate in the world
Gobies are trimmatom and Pandaka, which are shorter than 1 cm when fully mature. Of course, there are also some larger gobys, such as the gobioides species of gobies, which can exceed 30 cm in length, but this is a rare exception. Although gobies themselves are not an important food source for people, they are important prey for many economic fish such as cod, haddock, black perch and flounder. Some gobies are still popular in aquariums, such as brachygobius. The most prominent morphological feature of gobies is the healing of their ventral fins into a suction cup. The function of this suction cup is similar to that of dorsal fin suction cup and the ventral fin suction cup of the roundfin fish family, but it is a very different structure in anatomy and is therefore only the result of convergent evolution. Wild gobies can often be seen with suction cups attached to rocks or corals, and in aquariums they are also happy to suck on the glass of the tank. Gobies are largely found in shallow marine environments, including intertidal puddles, coral reefs and seagrass pastures; they are also abundant in seawater and estuarine habitats, including lower river streams, mangrove wetlands and salt marshes. A few species (not yet fully understood, but fewer than a few hundred) are fully adaptable to freshwater environments. These include rhinogobiusspp in the rivers of Asia, Redigobius in the Australian desert, and Padagobiusmartensii in Europe.