Profile Zhang Jie Researcher of Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, Review Expert of National Social Science Foundation, Cultural Master of Liaoning Province and "Four Batches" Talents (Theoretical Circles). His research interests include the history of the September 18 Incident, the history of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression of the Communist Party of China, and the history and culture of Liaoning, and a number of academic achievements have the significance of filling and innovation.
A declaration issued by the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 19, 1931.
The TRUTH archives at the European Headquarters of the United Nations in Geneva.
Zhang Jie
Editor's Note
Red resources, timeless; Red gene, passed down from generation to generation.
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has visited the revolutionary memorial site many times during local inspection and research, visited the revolutionary historical memorial site, and repeatedly emphasized the need to make good use of red resources, inherit red genes, and pass on the red rivers and mountains from generation to generation. Since the launch of party history study and education, Liaoning has deeply excavated red resources, systematically sorted out red culture, continued to inherit the spiritual bloodline, gathered consensus forces, and promoted the study and education of party history to go deeper and more solid. The theoretical edition will launch a series of articles from now on, breaking through the questions from six angles: Liaoning is the starting place of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the turning point of the War of Liberation, the material of the new Chinese national anthem, the place of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the place where the Republic of China was laid, and the birthplace of lei Feng's spirit.
In the 1930s, German, Italian, and Japanese fascism ran rampant and became a serious threat to world peace. As the starting point of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Liaoning, the place where the September 18 Incident took place, became the starting point of China's fourteen-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and also opened the prelude to the world anti-fascist war.
Driven by righteous courage, we went to the country in distress
The Fourteen-Year War of Resistance began in Liaoning
When it comes to the starting point of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it is reasonable to first base it on the consideration of the timeline, "in short, it is the question of the beginning of the major events of the War of Resistance Against Japan." On the night of the September 18 Incident, the officers and men of the Northeast Army stationed in Shenyang's Beidaying resolutely disobeyed the "no resistance" military order to start the breakthrough battle, which was "the precursor of the 918 War of Resistance." The counterattack of the patriotic soldiers of the Peking University Camp at the first time and at the first place of the invasion of the strong enemy constituted the starting point of China's armed war of resistance.
Of course, the beginning of a great war of national liberation can never be fully represented by the outbreak of a certain point or the continuation of a certain line. As the starting place of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Liaoning not only started the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at the earliest, but also had the characteristics of a wide range of participation, in-depth ideological mobilization and far-reaching follow-up influence.
On the night of the September 18 Incident, Zhao Yimin, then director of the Propaganda Department of the Manchuria Provincial CPC Committee, immediately drafted a declaration with a "sober understanding," which was issued the following day after discussion at an emergency meeting of the Provincial CPC Committee, which was the "Declaration of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Armed Occupation of Manchuria for Japanese Imperialism" of September 19, 1931, pointing out that "only the armed army of the workers, peasants, and toiling masses is a truly anti-imperialist force" and "imperialism can be driven out of China only under the leadership of the Communist Party." This was the "Anti-Japanese War Mobilization Order" issued by the Communist Party of China at the first time of the September 18 Incident, which became the theoretical basis for the beginning of China's fourteen-year War of Resistance.
General Huang Xiansheng, then police chief of Liaoning Province and director of the Shenyang Municipal Public Security Bureau, commanded the city's public security police to start a battle to defend Shenyang on the night of the September 18 Incident, and after 96 hours of fighting, they retreated in the direction of Jinzhou and continued to expand their armed forces along the way. Gao Pengzhen, a "good man in the green forest" who was recuperating in Shenyang, also summoned a team at the first time, and "Ben Pifu has the intention of responsibility" indignantly embarked on the road of killing the enemy and repaying the country, and the spontaneous war of resistance of the people of Liaoning began from then on, and quickly developed into a situation of "righteous teachers like a tide."
At the end of 1931, intellectuals represented by the "Nine Gentlemen" of Shenyang began to take advantage of the opportunity of the League of Nations investigation to expose the truth of Japan's aggression to the international community. This was the soft power resistance of Liaoning's intellectual groups, and it was also an important starting point for non-governmental anti-war diplomacy. As a precious text carrying the memory of the world, "TRUTH" has become a historical witness to the internationalization of Liaoning's early War of Resistance.
In addition to the above historical facts, there were also the strike of workers in the Shenyang Arsenal, the student volunteer army of Feng Yong University, Zhang Fengqi and other patriotic policemen lurking on the hidden front, and Yan Baohang and other social celebrities fighting in different places. At the time of the national disaster, patriots from all walks of life in Liaoning threw themselves into the Anti-Japanese Salvation Movement, thus converging into the torrent of the 918 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and building the beginning of China's fourteen-year War of Resistance with multi-point and multi-line momentum.
Ten thousand mountains must have a main peak
The Communist Party plays a mainstay role
Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out that strategic issues are things that study the law of the overall situation of war, and that the outcome of a war mainly depends on the military, political, economic, and natural conditions of the two sides in the war, as well as on the subjective guidance ability of the two sides in the war. Liaoning became the starting place of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression not only because it was in the place where the September 18 Incident occurred, nor because it had a long tradition of anti-aggression, but also because China had a Communist Party, and "from the day of its birth, our Party has been closely linked to the future and destiny of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation." It is precisely because of the adherence to the original mission that when the September 18 Incident occurred, the Communist Party of China resolutely shouldered the historical responsibility of national liberation in the test of blood and fire, and at the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it demonstrated the heroic strategy of "advocates forerunners and organizers":
Persist in leading the War of Resistance with theoretical exploration. The above-mentioned declaration of September 19, 1931, was the starting point of the Ideological System of the Communist Party of China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and initially laid the theoretical rudiments of "Party leadership," "armed struggle," and "united front." Since then, the CPC Central Committee and the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the CPC have successively issued important documents such as the "Declaration of the Communist Party of China on the Incident of The Violent Occupation of the Three Eastern Provinces by Japanese Imperialism" and continuously developed the theory of the War of Resistance. On April 15, 1932, the government of the Chinese Soviet Republic officially declared war on Japan, and the Communist Party of China further became the backbone of the Chinese people's war of resistance.
Persist in using armed struggle to defeat the enemy and win victory. The Communist Party of China is well aware of the importance of mastering the "barrel of a gun", and the advancement of the Liaoning War of Resistance depends on the planning of the Communists: Liu Lanbo was sent to work in the Liaoning Provincial Government, and he helped Huang Xiansheng form the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, known as "the first person behind the Great Wall of Flesh and Blood"; Gao Pengzhen, a general of the Volunteer Army, was a secret party member himself, and his two chiefs of staff, Zhang Xinsheng and Li Zhendong, were also members of the Communist Party; Li Zhaolin was sent to western Liaoning to assist geng jizhou, a former general of the Northeast Army, in developing a volunteer army; Bai Yihua, known as the "Little White Dragon", twice threw his pen from Rong and organized a volunteer army in Liaoyang... Historical facts show that those volunteer armies with the participation of Communists not only had outstanding achievements, but also stubbornly survived until they were included in the unified sequence of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League. Yang Jingyu, a famous general of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, fought in Liaoning after the September 18 Incident, and from forming a rock guerrilla group to leading the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, it has long become a banner of China's War of Resistance. These Communists were spiritual pillars, and Liaoning was thus "at the forefront of the national anti-Japanese struggle."
Persist in using the united front to strengthen the forces of resistance. The Communist Party of China has always attached importance to uniting all forces to fight against the common enemy. From the "Declaration of September 19" to the "August 1st Declaration" to the "Declaration of the Cpc Central Committee for promulgating the Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China", all of them reflect the consistent persistence of the Communist Party of China in strengthening the anti-Japanese national united front. The Communist Party of China is also committed to promoting the international joint struggle against fascism, and the "Nine Gentlemen" of the Anti-Japanese War and Salvation are all celebrities and scholars who have close relations with the Party, except for Gong Tianmin, a member of the Communist Party of China. At that time, the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and secret party members Tao Qiming, Guo Zunsan, and Xue Lanshi all played an important role in the diplomatic process of the League of Nations.
These three main lines are intertwined, making "the vast white mountains and black waters the first battlefield for the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the CCP to directly fight against Japan."
Historical inflection point The monument will always be there
Commemorated under the name of "9/18 War of Resistance"
The barbaric aggression of Japanese militarism provoked the courageous resistance of the Chinese people. In 2015, at the 25th collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "We must not only study the history of the 8-year comprehensive War of Resistance after the July 7 Incident, but also pay attention to the study of the history of the 14-year War of Resistance after the 918 Incident. At the beginning of 2017, the Ministry of Education required primary and secondary school textbooks to fully implement the concept of "fourteen-year war of resistance", and the "fourteen-year war of resistance" was transformed from an academic point of view to a national consensus. As a result, the status of Liaoning's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression became more prominent, and the 918 War of Resistance, which began in Liaoning, represented an important turning point in human history and erected a monument to defend peace.
The 9/18 War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was the beginning of the Chinese nation, which had been bullied and insulted by the great powers, rose up to completely save itself. The Ta Kung Pao wrote that the incident, on the surface, was a huge gain of the tyrannical sun, but in fact, it led China to an avenue of awakening. In response to the current situation, the Communist Party of China gathered consensus, enabling the Chinese to score a series of achievements in the 918 War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, enrich military theory, accumulate experience in struggle, build a great wall of flesh and blood, and rebuild spiritual national defense. "The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was the only victory in the war of anti-aggression in the past hundred years, and opened the prelude to the rebirth of the Chinese nation's phoenix nirvana." The beginning of this prologue was the September 18 War of Resistance, and the beginning of this "avenue of awakening" was in Liaoning.
It should be pointed out in particular that there are still vague cognitions and expressions from all walks of life about the 918 Incident and the 918 War of Resistance to a certain extent. The 918 Incident was the direct cause of the 918 War of Resistance, and the real starting point of China's fourteen-year War of Resistance was the 918 War of Resistance, which occurred almost simultaneously, but in essence, it was a struggle between aggression and anti-aggression. This year marks the 90th anniversary of the September 18 Incident, the 90th anniversary of the beginning of the 918 War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression by the Chinese people, and it is proposed to commemorate it in the name of the "918 War of Resistance". At present, Liaoning has protected a number of sites and relics related to the starting point of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, such as the "9.18" Historical Museum, the Memorial Hall of the Former Site of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Former Site of the Camp of Peking University, etc. These relics record the rise and development of the 918 War of Resistance from different angles, witness the spirit of the Chinese nation in uniting with the Royal Insults at the most dangerous time, and also tell the great victories won by the Chinese people in the world anti-fascist war.
(This paper is one of the series of achievements of "Research on the Excavation, Protection and Utilization of Red Historical and Cultural Resources in the Early Days of the Founding of the Communist Party of China in Liaoning Region")