Yellow-tailed parasynchray
The yellow-tailed parasynchray (scientific name Paracanthurus hepatus) has a flattened body and a small mouth. The body of the fish is brightly colored royal blue with a distinctly palette of disc-like black bands; the dorsal and fins are both royal blue with black broad edges; the tail stalk and tail fin are bright yellow, and the upper and lower lobes of the tail fin have black edges, which are connected to the black area of the fish body, so that the rear is isolated into a triangular yellow area, and the tail stalk spines are also in this area. There is a hard spine on each side of the tail stalk, and the sheath of the tail spine is not obvious. The upper part of the head is scattered with small black spots, sometimes less noticeable. The larger the fish, the lighter the color.
The fish is mainly distributed in the Indo-Pacific Sea, the South China Sea, Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritius and the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific Ocean, and its production is very large, and it is a habituated fish in the distribution area. It is mostly active in coral reef areas, foraging for organic debris, etc., and will hide in the reef to avoid predators. It is a famous ornamental fish.
Chinese scientific name: Yellow-tailed parasingoster
Latin scientific name: Paracanthurus hepatus
Nicknames: Blue Tang King Fish, Blue Knife Seabream, Blue Upside Down, Blue Hanging
Realm: Animal kingdom
Phylum: Phylum Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrate subphylum
Order: Rayfin fish
Suborder: Neofin suborder
Order: Perciformes
Suborder: Suborder Spiny tailfish
Family: Spiny tailfish
Genus: Parasynoid tailfish genus
Species: Yellow-tailed parasynchra
Subspecies: No subspecies
Named by: Linnaeus, 1766
English name: Regal Blue Tang
Morphological characteristics
The body is oval and flattened. The mouth is small, the terminal position, the upper and lower teeth are large, and the teeth are immobile.
The dorsal and fins have sharp spines, the ventral fins are only 3 soft strips, and the caudal fins are nearly truncated. The caudal spines are anterior to the caudal stalk, and its posterior end is fixed under the skin. The body is blue , the upper half of the body is black from the center of the pectoral fin to the caudal stalk , but there is an oblong oval blue spot behind the pectoral fin ; another black band behind the eye that runs long along the base of the dorsal fin and connects with the black spot of the body ; the dorsal , breech and ventral fins are blue with black margins ; the anterior part of the pectoral fin is blue and the posterior part is yellow; the caudal fin is yellow with a black upper and lower leaf margin. The anterolateral grooves grow toxic glands.
Dorsal fin spines: 9, dorsal fin soft strips: 19 to 20, fin hard spines: 3, fin soft strips: 18 to 19.
Habitat
The active water depth is 2 to 40 meters, usually 10 to 40 meters.
Inhabiting clear, sea-facing and tidal reef areas, adults usually congregate in water layers 1 to 2 metres above the seafloor, while juvenile or juvenile fish gather near capes of staghorn corals and hide among coral buds as soon as they are frightened.
Habits of life
Oceanic benthic fish. Omnivorous, feeding mainly on zooplankton and sometimes algae. Occasionally travel alone, mostly in pairs or in small groups. Near the reef, they form a protective layer in groups, and each member of the group has a sharp, poisonous tail spine to deal with potential predators, and few predators enter the center of the fish to hunt. The fish also congregates with other species of spinytails , including ctenophores , snouts , multi-plate shieldtails , and high-finned spinytails.
Males may clash when they meet, intertwining with each other and showing off their tail spines, and as the conflict escalates, the blue color of their body surface changes and attempts to hurt each other with stingers, staying close to each other until the tail fins can teach their opponents.
Tail spines affect the social status of parasingonch in marine fish in the same region, and they achieve dominance over the previous fish by showing off the tail spines, and the most dominant individual usually has the largest breeding area.
When fear strikes, some paraspinnuts, especially juveniles, hide behind living stones or between the branches of corals, while frightened paraspintails their tail spines towards the coral bushes and stabilize them with coral heads, preventing intruders from dragging them out of hiding. Once discovered by predators, they will fall to the side and "pretend to be dead", motionless, so often mistaken by predators for death and abandoned. In aquarium farming, this kind of "suspended death" is as worrying as a real death for novice fish farmers, and after staying in the aquarium for a few days to adapt to the new environment, they can often gain dominance in aquarium fish.
Distribution range
It is found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, stretching from the east coast of Africa in the west to the Lane Islands in the east, to southern Japan in the north, and to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and New Caledonia (including Micronesia) in the south.
Main distribution countries and regions (sea areas): American Samoa, Australia, Brunei, Christmas Island, Coco Island, Comoros, Cook Islands, Fiji, Guam, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Micronesia, Myanmar, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Reunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore , Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Hawaiian Islands, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna Islands.
Breeding methods
Breeding in the general low temperature month, the breeding time and location will continue to change every year. In the Pacific Ocean, the breeding peak period is from December to June. Where there is little seasonal variation in water temperature, breeding is possible throughout the year. During the months when the temperature is right, the female spawns once a month, and up to 40,000 eggs are discharged into the water at a time. After 25 to 28 hours of incubation of fertilized eggs, willow-leaved juvenile fish are born and develop rapidly, and then forage in large numbers offshore. The sexual maturity of the fish is not judged by age but by size, with males generally reaching maturity at 11 cm in length, while females need to grow to about 13 cm. As release spawning fish, both parents do not provide parental care for juveniles.
Protection level
Listed on the IUCN Red List: Non-Threatened Species (LC), 2010 assessment.
Captive rearing
Feeding methods
Raising yellow-tailed parasingench is best to pick small individuals, which can be seen in the market from 125px to 625px (1px equals 0.4 mm), but you will find that their price is the same, and even small ones are more expensive than large ones. Because the big fish not only has a duller color than the juveniles, but also is very difficult to accept the artificial environment. Especially for individuals above 375px, half of them may have died in transit, which is a pity. The fish that reach their destination are also in a very weak state, and some will lie flat on the bottom of the aquarium and stay motionless, not even moving their gills. This is a phenomenon unique to the fish, which can generally be resumed swimming in the water in 2 to 4 hours. Even after starting to move, the adult yellow-tailed parasynchnant is still very timid. As soon as the wind and spring grass moved, it was stuck in a corner and did not move or lay flat again.
Once the yellow-tailed parasingoster is adapted to the environment, it is easy to raise. A variety of artificial feeds are acceptable, and cabbage and seaweed are also very fond of eating. However, the feed should be balanced in nutrition, and it is best to feed with a feed containing natural seaweed ingredients, otherwise it is easy to fade or suffer from head perforation disease. Especially head piercings, almost every strip above 500px will suffer. Some are very light, but the nostrils become larger and the face is slightly faded. Some are so severe that the blue skin of the entire head is peeled off, revealing white bones and flesh-colored wounds. And even if this disease is cured, the fish will not be able to return to its original appearance.
Precautions
Effective control of the disease is to change the water frequently, at least 10% per week. Ensure that the ammonia content in the water is zero, and the water must be clear and transparent. It is also important to give it enough living space, at least 3750px aquarium to raise yellow-tailed secondary spinytails that can grow to more than 500px. Don't keep just one, or it could easily go on a hunger strike due to isolation or die from digestive diseases. In addition, the yellow-tailed secondary spinytail will erect all its fins when it is caught, so it is often difficult to remove it after being fished. The best method of fishing is to use water scoops, small pots or unshackled nets.
Derived culture
A blue fish that is considered the bluedest. This species of fish has a large distribution in the Taiwan Strait area, including the Xisha, Nansha, Philippine Sea, indonesia have a large number of production. In the past, this fish was flat in value, with the global release of the cartoon "Finding Nemo", after 2005, the fish was highly sought after by european and American enthusiasts and enthusiasts, Southeast Asian suppliers were busy exporting, the price climbed all the way, and the domestic blue hanging price also rose with the water. However, this fish is really beautiful, and it is worth spending more money on it.