Chinese characters are broad and profound
We are now familiar with simplified characters
It has been greatly simplified
to facilitate dissemination and use
But the beauty of Chinese characters
Start at the source
Today we will learn a little through Oracle
You are familiar with Chinese characters
How should the word "constant" be parsed?
Heng the word: in the oracle glyph of "Heng", the middle is "moon", and the horizontal line above and below represents that the moon will always run within a certain range, expressing the meaning of eternity. The glyph of the golden text adds a "heart" to indicate life.
The original meaning of the word "Heng" is "long-lasting", and later extended to "often, often", as stated in the "Book of Jin, Yuan Fu Biography": "Yin accumulates into rain, rain becomes water for a long time, so its city is also flooded." "Constant" also means "perseverance", such as "perseverance".
What is the connection between the character "Jing" and traditional Chinese paintings?
Regarding the connection between Jingzi and traditional Chinese paintings, this is a very big topic, and only a brief analysis can be done here. "Jing" is an important category in the history of Chinese aesthetics, and traditional painters attach great importance to it. Therefore, this theoretical category needs to be systematically elaborated.
First of all, let's talk about the problem of the word "jing": like the philosophical background that influences the integration of Confucianism and Taoism that affects the generation and development of "jing", that is, the philosophical basis of "jing" is based on the old Zhuang Taoist outlook on life and cosmology, especially the virtual and static view in it, and at the same time compatible with the ideas of confucianism and Buddhism.
Secondly, the influence of "jing" on aesthetic observation is discussed in more detail from several aspects, such as the meditation mentality and observation methods, the cultivation of the mind of stillness, and the cultivation of meditation. Thirdly, through Jing's grasp of the inner spiritual essence of objective things, painting techniques and the painter's inner spiritual cultivation, the role of "Jing" on the artistic conception of the picture is discussed, and the pursuit of "Jing" by outstanding painters in history.
It will be explained in detail. Examining the theory of jing has certain practical significance and positive effect on the painting world, in the noisy and noisy modern life, only by maintaining a natural and idyllic, lonely mentality, and persistently pursuing art and life can we learn the true meaning of brush and ink, discover new perspectives, create unique works of quiet, and enrich and develop traditional paintings.
Beginners learn Chinese characters, what books are recommended?
Philology recommends Mr. Li Xueqin's "Primitive Order of Ancient Characters" and Mr. Lin Hu's "Brief Theory of Paleography", "Shuowen Jiezi" is also indispensable, and it is recommended to combine Mr. Huang Tianshu's "General Theory of Shuowen Jiezi" to see a better understanding.
Then you can read Mr. Qiu Xigui's "Outline of Philology", Mr. Huang Dekuan's "Paleography" and so on. In addition, Mr. Gao Ming's "General Theory of Chinese Paleography", Mr. Tang Lan's "Chinese Philology" and Mr. Chen Mengjia's "Chinese Philology" are also recommended. Of course, there are also some books on hermeneutics and phonology, which can be studied after the introduction.
How to parse the words "dan, an, and anti"?
In the oracle glyph of "Dan", the top is "day", and the bottom indicates the ground or water surface, indicating that the sun has just risen but has not yet left the ground. Jin Wen represents the sunrise in the mountains, and the black shadow represents a strong cloud of light brought by the sun. The small seal "day" became a horizontal line, which indicated the horizon, and its meaning did not change. The original meaning of the word "dan" is "dawn, morning", which is the opposite of "twilight". Morning is the beginning of the day, which is extended to "the beginning of the year", such as "New Year's Day"; because the sun rises on time every day, it is extended to "honesty and sincerity", such as "vows".
In the oracle glyph of "An", outside is a house, and inside the house is a girl facing to the right, who closes the door so that she will not encounter danger, indicating that she is safe. It can be seen that "An" is an ideographic word. The glyphs of the golden script are similar to those of the Oracle.
The original meaning of the word "An" is "peace". "An" can be extended to "installation", such as "resettlement" and "settling down". "An" can also be used as an interrogative word, indicating "where" and "how", such as "Ann can be so". "An" can also be used as a verb meaning "to make stability", such as "to settle down" and "to settle down", "to settle down and to establish a country", etc. Now, the importance of "safety" is becoming more and more important, and only safety can make precious lives unharmed and make life full of joy and better.
The "anti" oracle glyph, with "factory" on the left and human hands on the right, are integrated to indicate that one hand is climbing and approaching the edge of the cliff. The original meaning of the word "anti" is "climbing", which is later extended to "opposite" and "positive". "Anti" also means "rebellion, rebellion", such as "rebellion" and "rebellion".
The word "anti" can also be extended to "return", and when used as this meaning, it is later written as "return". Now, it is often used as the meaning of "relative, contrary", such as "negative" and "opposite".
How to parse the words "ten thousand", "things" and "emptiness"?
The original meaning of the word "wan" is scorpion, and in the Shuowen it is said: "Wan, worm also". In Oracle, the word is a morphophonemic word. Its glyphs vividly show the shape of a scorpion, and the scorpion's pincers, body, and tail are all lacking.
In the evolution of the word "wan", there have been "蠆" and "虿", because there is a "wan" word on it, so the word is used to represent a number of words, indicating a large number. In the Han Dynasty, the simplified character "Wan" began to appear, and it was more and more widely used in representing numbers.
"Thing", shape sound word. The object has already appeared in the oracle bone, "cow" is next to the shape, and "don't" is next to the sound. Oracle has two configurations: upper and lower structures and left and right structures. Judging from the oracle bone glyph, the left or lower half is the head "cow", the right half or upper half is the word "do not" next to the sound, and Wang Guowei and Shang Chengzuo believe that the original meaning of "thing" refers to "variegated cow (coat color is impure)". Later, some people also believed that "thing" was a "huiyi character", the left side was a "cow", and the right side was a "knife" with blood spots, which meant "slaughtering cattle", which was equivalent to the meaning of the word "刎".
"Empty" According to existing excavated documents and heirloom documents, the word "empty" is not found in the oracle bones. The "empty" glyph was first seen in the Warring States. The small seal "empty" inherits the writing method in the Warring States Golden Text and Bamboo Jane. Judging from the glyphs of "emptiness" in different writing materials in different eras, the writing of emptiness is relatively fixed, which is composed of two components of the meaning symbol "hole" and the sound symbol "worker", and no variant glyph has been found. Occasionally, in Chu Jian there are cases where the word "gong" is used to indicate "emptiness".
The word "empty" is a shape sound word, and the "hole" in the upper part is next to the shape, indicating the meaning of the word. "Cave" means cave, cave, originally representing an earthen chamber like a cave; the "gong" below is next to the sound, indicating the pronunciation. Xu Shen's interpretation of "emptiness" in Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi is "trick also". The trick is a hole, and the hole is a hole in the ground, and the meaning is similar. Judging from the glyph of "emptiness", it can be explained as follows: when a cave is dug, it is "empty". Visible hole is the original meaning of "emptiness".
The meaning of "emptiness" has expanded from the void to refer to the sky, such as the sky, the sky, the sky, and the clear sky, reflecting the characteristics of nothingness that the sky cannot touch and cannot be grasped. It also refers to the space between heaven and earth. Such as emptiness, space. Anything that moves in the air can add the word "empty". Such as air freight, air drop, etc.
"Emptiness" expands from concrete space to mean that there is nothing, and the word "emptiness" can be added to any meaning of emptiness. Such as empty hands, hollows, etc. It can also be used as a meaning to make it empty. "Emptiness" is further extended to emptiness in the abstract sense, that is, the meaning of having no content and no effect. Such as fantasy, empty talk.
How should the words "god" and "immortal" be parsed? Is there any relationship between them?
From the standpoint of materialism, human beings have created a complex and profound fantasy world in addition to the real world in which they live. That fantasy world is closely related to the real world, is a reflection of the psychological needs of reality, and the "gods" and "ghosts" we are going to discuss today are important members of that fantasy world. The worship of ghosts and gods has existed since ancient times, and the essence of gods and ghosts is different, which can be summarized by a sentence of the ancients, that is, "the gods of heaven know gods, and the gods of man know ghosts."
"Sayings": "God, God." Lead out all things also. From 'show' to 'shen'. In Xu Shen's view, "god" is a ideographic word whose meaning is composed of a combination of "show" and "shen". The word "show" is small and the small seal is not, "Say the text": "Show, the sky is hanging like, see the auspicious, so show people also." From 'two' (the ancient word 'on'); three vertical, sun, moon and star also. The explanation of the glyphs here may not be in line with its original appearance: the word "show" in the oracle bone, which is generally considered by researchers to be hieroglyphs, indicates the props such as gods and wooden tables used in sacrifices. However, the use of "show" as a side word is often related to the gods of heaven and earth and religious sacrifices, and there is no problem.
It is easy to understand that "God" is the head of the ministry with "show", but why "Shen" is not so easy to say. Duan Yujie disagreed with Xu Shen's point of view in his Commentary on the Interpretation of Words, believing that "God" was just a phonetic character with "Shen" as a sound symbol, which may be more concise and reasonable and easily accepted. Later, the abundance of paleographic material allowed people to make new interpretations:
The golden text of the word "God" has a single writing "Shen" shape, and "Shen" is a hieroglyph, like the shape of thunder and lightning, people add "rain" to it, write "electricity", and specifically express the "electricity" of thunder and lightning. In the early days, human beings were in awe of natural phenomena, believing that there were gods who dominated everything in heaven and earth. The fierce celestial phenomenon of thunder and lightning reflects the power of heaven and is easy to cause people to associate. So people may have added the word "Shen" next to the word "Shen" and created the word "God" to represent the gods in the heavens.
Returning to Xu Shen, Xu Shen believes that the meaning of the word "Shen" has his own reason. Xu Shen interpreted the word "Shen" as an extension, that is, "to lead out all things", according to Xu Shen's meaning, this "God" refers to the Creator. After human beings have abstract thinking, they have a strong curiosity about the origin of the world, which is also a psychological need closely related to the sense of existence. Only by understanding where we and what we have come from will we feel real and hopeful about the present and the future. All the peoples of the world often have creation myths, the most famous of which is the seven days in the Bible, and the Chinese creation myth we are familiar with is Pangu.
The Chinese god of development is Pangu, and the difference between him and the god of the West is that he only opens up and does not dominate. After Pangu opened up the world, he died, but the dead Pangu did not disappear, his body transformed into all things, and he played the role of creation, with eternal value. The most literary record of the ancients is: "Qi is a storm, sound is thunder, the left eye is the sun, the right eye is the moon, the limbs and five bodies are the four poles and five mountains, the blood is the river, the veins are the earth, the muscles are the soil, the hair is the stars, the fur is grass and trees, the tooth bones are golden stones, the essence is pearls and jade, the sweat is rain, and the insects in the body are sensed by the wind and turn into li qi." ("History of The History" volume 1 quotes "Five Luck Calendar Years") is really imposing! Compared with God, Pangu appears to be greater and more selfless, and this illusion is also in line with the thinking of the ancients, that is, the unity of heaven and man.
God can create things, so all things in heaven and earth can have gods, the sun has the sun god, the moon has the moon god, the wind has the wind god, and the thunder has the thunder god. In ancient times, there were also people who divided heaven and earth into two parts, "the gods of heaven and god, and the gods of the earth." However, this classification is not very commonly used, generally regardless of heaven and earth, and is only collectively referred to as "gods" or "gods". Gods can create things, so the inventors of the ancient times in the legend have also become gods who descended from the sky and were different from mortals, such as the Flintstone clan who invented fire, the Shennong clan who tasted hundreds of herbs, the Cangjie who created characters, and so on. With all kinds of gods who are not mediocre, people's lives can be orderly, only then can they have progress, and only then can they have a future.