Compared with the development of Tang poetry, the poetry of the Song Dynasty has a great feature, that is, it often contains the charm of reasoning in it. Later generations identified this pursuit of poetry as the beauty of rationality. It is to explore that the images and emotions depicted in poetry are superficial, and there are more profound philosophical meanings in their depths, which are thought-provoking and emotional.
For example, "Title West Forest Wall": horizontally looking into the peaks on the side of the ridge, the height of the distance is different. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain.
In this way, the charm of poetry will inevitably be impacted, but in the case that Tang poetry has developed so maturely, it is not easy for Song poetry to find such a way out. For example, the ancient poem we talked about today seems to be a simple poem describing spring, but I didn't expect that there were so many tricks between the lines.
Katsuri looking for the Surabaya waterfront, the boundless scenery is new for a while.
Waiting for idleness to recognize the east wind, thousands of purples and thousands of reds are always spring.
This poem is Zhu Xi's "Spring Day". The last two sentences of the poem are very familiar to us: "Wait until you know the east wind, thousands of purples and thousands of reds are always spring." That is to say, when spring comes to this world, there is the smell of spring everywhere, and anyone can easily see the face of spring. Thousands of purples and reds, a hundred flowers blooming, everything in front of you is a spring scenery.
At the beginning of the poem, it is like the poet exploring the green by the river, when the wind and the sun are beautiful, he goes to the river in Surabaya. All you see is an endless landscape, a new look. As soon as the spring breeze blows, everything between heaven and earth is beautiful, discarding the depression of autumn and winter and replacing it with a vibrant spring.
That's why the following verse "Ten thousand purples and thousands of reds are always spring."
However, Zhu Xi during the Southern Song Dynasty did not go to Jining, Shandong, that is to say, his first sentence "Seeking Fang Surabaya Waterfront" did not exist. So why did he write that?
In fact, this ancient poem is not written to depict spring, but to write about the Confucian learning he pursued, which is also the beauty of rationality hidden in poetry.
The Surabaya in poetry actually refers to confucius's learning, that is, Confucianism. Confucius's hometown was in Qufu, Jining, but he also taught his disciples in the land of Surabaya. So of course, the "search for fangs" here is not looking for the scenery of spring, but has become the way of seeking saints.
"Boundless Light" means that Confucius's way of the saints includes too much content, and there is everywhere between heaven and earth. And the disciples he taught continued to carry forward from all aspects, the so-called ten thousand purples and thousands of reds.
As one of the most famous philosophers during the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhu Xi was the key figure who inherited confucius philosophy at that time and carried it forward, and created the original Cheng Zhu Lixue. In such a poem, the use of aria spring to express admiration for Confucian thought is full of rational beauty and contains the poet's unique pursuit.
It should be known that zhu xishi of the Southern Song Dynasty was called Zhu Wengong. He was a famous theoretician, thinker, philosopher, known in history as Zhu Zi, and the most outstanding Confucian master since Confucius and Meng.