Introduction: Due to the particularity of tobacco planting, the use of various types of chemicals is large, especially in the prevention and control of tobacco-like diseases and insect pests, a large number of chemical agents are used, causing serious harm to the soil and the environment. In recent years, through the practical experience of tobacco farmers' friends and tobacco planting experts, it has been concluded that through the cultivation of "smoke aphid cocoon bees", artificial large-scale breeding and release into tobacco fields to reduce the harm of tobacco field diseases and insect pests, it has been recognized by the majority of tobacco farmers. Today we will talk about how to reproduce and release the "smoke aphid cocoon bee"?
Smoke aphid cocoon bee
Tobacco aphid cocoon bee control technology can reduce aphid harm, reduce the occurrence of aphid virus disease, reduce the amount of pesticide use, reduce tobacco leaf pesticide residues, improve the safety of tobacco leaf quality, and continuously and effectively protect the ecological environment. Artificial reproduction and release of smoke aphid cocoon bee is an economic, ecological, safe and practical biological control technology, which can not only increase the control effect of the smoke aphid cocoon bee on the tobacco aphid in that year, but also help the smoke aphid cocoon bee to form a higher natural population in the local area, and gradually become an important natural enemy for the control of the tobacco aphid, and play a good control effect on the tobacco aphid.
In the artificial breeding process of smoke aphid cocoon bee, rapeseed, white radish and carrot can be used as the ideal wintering host of smoke aphid in the large-scale breeding system of smoke aphid cocoon bee, which can not only effectively protect the overwintering population of smoke aphid, but also reduce the cost of large-scale breeding of smoke aphid cocoon bee. At the same time, it should be noted that the smoke aphids that rely on the propagation of tobacco aphid cocoon bees will spread a variety of tobacco viruses, bringing risks to the occurrence of tobacco virus diseases. Therefore, artificial reproduction and the release of smoke aphid cocoon bees should be combined with more cost-effective integrated control measures.
Smoke aphid cocoon bees lay eggs in aphids
<h1>The large-scale breeding and release technology of the tobacco aphid cocoon wasp is generally operated according to the process of "seed preservation and expansion, expansion and field release". </h1>
<h1>First, the seed preservation</h1>
1. Seed preservation room construction standards
The seed preservation room should have automatic temperature control, humidity control and light control functions, which are used to protect the seeds of smoke aphids, smoke aphid cocoon bees or vegetable aphid cocoon bees. Its construction standard is generally 4m per area×5m=20m²; the temperature range is 20~30°C. Intelligent modular unit, networked control system and wind circulation design are adopted, that is, automatic control systems such as light, temperature and humidity.
2. Preservation method
Seed preservation is an important part of the breeding of aphid cocoon bees, with the purpose of preserving the seed sources of smoke aphids and aphid cocoon bees.
Generally, it is necessary to enter the seed preservation in October every year to ensure the need for seed expansion in the second year. The conservation method of smoke aphid and aphid cocoon wasps mainly adopts the indoor alternate propagation method, that is, planting host plants such as tobacco and cruciferous flowers in the nursery, and circulating tobacco aphids and aphid cocoon bees on the host plants to preserve the tobacco aphid and aphid cocoon wasps. At the same time, its seed source is continuously purified, and the seed source of smoke aphid and aphid cocoon bees is removed from the impurity or weak constitution or re-parasitic aphid cocoon bees, and the breeding source of smoke aphid and aphid cocoon bees is kept pure.
Smoke aphid cocoon bee chamber
<h1>Second, expand the seeds</h1>
1. Expansion facilities
Three greenhouses were built at each expansion site to expand the species of smoke aphid, smoke aphid cocoon bee or vegetable aphid cocoon bee. The area of each expanded greenhouse is 9.6 m× 12 m=115.2 m². Shoulder height 2.5m, top height 3.33m, outer shade height 4.0m. The greenhouse is surrounded by striped ring beam foundations. The whole adopts light steel structure to bear load, and the main skeleton adopts double-sided hot-dip galvanized cold-rolled plate pipe. 5mm high-quality tempered glass is used on the top and all sides. It has anti-drip fog system, drainage system, external shading system, internal thermal insulation shading system, natural ventilation system, high pressure atomization humidification system, air conditioning cooling system, heating system, light filling system, computer control system.
2. Expansion method
(1) Plant formation method. Before March 5, 380 plants of potted or ground-planted tobacco are implemented in each expanded greenhouse, and when the tobacco plants grow to the long term (around April 25), each plant receives 50 to 100 aphids, and when the average amount of smoke aphids reaches 2000 to 2500, the smoke aphids can be transferred to the breeding shed, and begin to receive the tobacco aphid cocoon bees or the vegetable aphid cocoon bees, according to the bee-to-aphid ratio of 1:50; may 25 to 30 aphid cocoon bees can be transferred to the breeding beehive.
(2) Floating seedling method. Before April 25, place 380 trays of transplanted remaining floating seedlings in each expansion greenhouse, 8 to 10 aphids per plant, and when the average amount of tobacco aphids reaches 150 to 200 (May 10 to 15), the tobacco aphids can be transferred to the aphid shed, and begin to pick up the tobacco aphid cocoon bees or vegetable aphid cocoon bees, according to the bee-to-aphid ratio of 1:50. From May 25 to 30, the cocooned wasps can be transferred to the bee shed.
Smoke aphid cocoon wasp species expansion
<h1>Third, expand the complexity</h1>
1. Expansion facilities
The expansion facility can be expanded in two ways: the four-contiguous greenhouse expansion method and the field greenhouse expansion method.
(1) Four-contiguous greenhouse construction standards
The area is 36m×8m/span×4 span = 1152m². The greenhouse adopts light steel structure to bear load, and the main skeleton adopts double-sided hot-dip galvanized cold-rolled plate pipe. It has anti-drip fog system, drainage system, external shading system, internal thermal insulation shading system, fan water curtain ventilation and cooling system to ensure that the temperature is controlled at 17 ~ 28 °C.
If the adult plant propagation method is adopted, the clearance of 3m×3m×1.8m of 80 expansion bee sheds are built in the shed, and the expanded bee shed adopts 60 mesh mesh seals, and 30 plants are potted or grounded in each expanded bee shed, calculated according to 1 mu of smoke land per plant, each greenhouse can manage 2400 mu, then a base unit needs to build 6 to 8 greenhouses.
If the floating seedling propagation method is adopted, 8 floating nursery ponds with a clear space of 34m × 2.2m are built in the shed, each pool is sealed with 60 mesh mesh, and each pool can be placed 376 floating discs of 0.53m × 0.36m, according to the calculation of 5 to 6 acres of smoke land per coil, then a base unit only needs to build 1 greenhouse.
(2) Field shed construction standards
In the tobacco field, a steel frame 60 mesh mesh shed with a steel frame of 3m×3m×1.8m is built, and the top of the shed is a 36 mesh mesh mesh or an automatically controllable rectangular 36 mesh mesh cover (70cmx50cmx60cm).
If the adult plant propagation method is adopted, 30 plants of smoke are planted in pots or on the ground in the shed, each shed can manage 30 acres, and each base unit needs to build 500 to 600 small sheds.
If the floating seedling expansion method is adopted, 2 floating nursery ponds will be built in each shed, each pond can put 14 floating trays, each shed can manage 100 to 120 acres, and each base unit needs to build 150 to 180 small sheds.
Smoke aphid cocoon wasps multiply
2. Propagation method
Due to the different propagation facilities and propagation tobacco plants selected in different places, there are mainly the following propagation methods.
(1) Greenhouse (or field shed) plant expansion method
In the expansion of the above four-contiguous greenhouses (or field sheds), 30 plants of potted or ground tobacco are planted from April 1 to 5 every year, and from May 10 to 15, when the tobacco plants grow to the beginning of the growth of the group trees, they begin to receive aphids, each plant receives 50 to 100 aphids, and from May 25 to 30, when the average amount of tobacco aphids reaches 2000 to 2500, the tobacco cocoon bees or the vegetable aphid cocoon bees begin to beetles, and the bees are picked up according to the bee aphid ratio of 1:50.
(2) Greenhouse (or field shed) floating seedling propagation method
In the nursery pond (or field nursery pond) of the above four contiguous greenhouses, the seeds are sown from March 20 to 25 every year, and the tobacco seedlings begin to pick up aphids when they reach 5 leaves and one heart from May 10 to 15, each plant is about 10, and from May 25 to 30, when the average amount of tobacco aphids per plant reaches 200 to 300, the tobacco aphid cocoon bees or the vegetable aphid cocoon peak begins to be picked up, and the bees are picked up according to the bee-to-aphid ratio of 1:50.
<h1>Fourth, the release of the field</h1>
1. Determination of release time
According to the occurrence characteristics of smoke aphids, the first peak is from mid-May to late May, mainly winged aphids, the degree of harm is low, the average amount of aphids is generally below 30 per plant, and no control measures can be taken. The second peak is from mid-June to late June, dominated by wingless aphids, which are harmful and require prevention and control measures; the peak of the western tobacco area is from mid-June to early July, and the degree of harm is large, and prevention and control measures need to be taken. The time of bee release in various places can generally be mastered once in early, middle and late June, and the bees are stopped after the tobacco plant is capped.
2. Calculation method of release amount
Assuming that 100 plants of tobacco are planted per mu of smoke field, the natural parasitic rate of aphid cocoon bees in the field is 30%, and the bee-aphid ratio is 1:50, and the actual occurrence of tobacco aphids in various places (the average amount of aphids is generally 30 to 80 per plant) is calculated, 2200 to 5867 adult bees of aphid cocoon bees need to be released per mu, and the bees can be released in 3 times, and 750 to 2000 bees are released per mu each time.
3. Aphid cocoon wasp release mode
The release of tobacco aphid cocoon wasps in the field can be released in two ways: artificial release and natural release, and artificial release is divided into two methods: bee release and zombie aphid release. Generally speaking, the greenhouse bee breeding method must be artificially released, while the field greenhouse breeding method is mainly natural release.
(1) Artificial adult bee release method
According to the best time to release bees, the aphid cocoon bees in the bee greenhouse are collected in the bee bag by artificial bee suction method or bee suction device method, and immediately transported to the tobacco field for release after collection, and 750 to 2000 bees are released into each acre of tobacco field. Depending on the amount of aphids in the tobacco field, the bees can generally be released 2 or 3 times.
(2) Artificial zombie aphid seedling release method
The main method of releasing zombie aphid seedlings is used, which is suitable for the expansion of floating seedlings in greenhouses, and the expansion method of floating seedlings in small greenhouses can also be used. According to the optimal bee release time, when the proportion of zombie aphids on the tobacco seedlings reaches 45% to 50% and more than 95% of the smoke aphids have been parasitic, the zombie aphid seedlings are removed into aphids and packaged and distributed to the tobacco field for release. Place the aphid-bearing tobacco seedlings in the smoke ditch at a distance of more than 40 cm from the Field Tobacco Plant (no contact with the Field Tobacco Plant) to prevent a small amount of non-parasitic smoke aphids from transferring to the Field Tobacco Plant. 5 to 8 zombie aphid seedlings are evenly placed per mu of tobacco field, ensuring that 750 to 2000 bees are released per mu of tobacco field. According to the occurrence of aphids in the tobacco field, it can generally be put 2 or 3 times.
(3) Natural release method for adult bees
It is suitable for the breeding method of adult plants (or floating seedlings) in the field shed. When the aphid cocoon began to feather, it would automatically fly out of the 36 mesh mesh or mesh cover opening on the roof of the shed to find the host. It can also artificially open the 36 mesh mesh cover to make the aphid cocoon wasp more able to fly out smoothly, but it is necessary to strengthen management and switch on and off on time according to the situation to prevent winged aphids from flying out.
Smoke aphid cocoons are released in the field
In summary, the cost and operability of different reproduction methods have certain differences, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In general, the floating seedling breeding method is superior to the adult breeding method, which has the advantages of cost saving, shortening time, and easy operation; the release method of aphid cocoon bees is better with natural release, simplifying the operation process, saving labor and cost, and is conducive to large-scale promotion. According to the actual situation, the breeding and release methods of aphid cocoon bees can be flexibly selected.
The above is my personal analysis and summary of the prevention and control of tobacco leaf diseases and cordyceps pests, in tobacco planting, if you have better suggestions, welcome to pay attention to and leave a message to share, thank you for reading.
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