This year marks the centenary of the Communist Party of China. The centennial journey has been magnificent, and countless heroic models have emerged, who have written a magnificent chapter of song and tears for the prosperity and strength of the country and the rejuvenation of the nation with wisdom and sweat, even blood and life. Since June 1, red network has always launched a column report to dig deep into the touching deeds of Hunan heroes, carry forward the red tradition, inherit red genes, vividly and vividly tell the heroic model stories, and absorb the wisdom and strength of moving forward.
Duan Dechang
He entered the Whampoa Military Academy at the age of 21 and was known as an all-rounder of literature and martial arts; he was Peng Dehuai's introducer to the party, and Peng Dehuai called him a good teacher and friend; he was also one of the main founders of the revolutionary base area in western Hunan and Hubei, and had the reputation of "general of constant victory". The 29-year-old died calmly, without fear, he said: "Use a knife, save a bullet, hit the enemy." ”
He was Duan Dechang, the "number one martyr" of the Republic, an outstanding commander of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and a military expert.
Chiang Kai-shek did not like the Whampoa students
Duan Dechang, also spelled Yuhou and Soul, was born in August 1904 in Jiudushan Jiuwuchang, Nanzhou Hall, Hunan (now Rocket Village, Nanzhou Town, Nanxian County). At the age of 15, in order to broaden his horizons and increase his knowledge, Duan Dechang went to Changsha alone and studied at Changsha Commercial College. During this time, he became acquainted with Peng Huang, who led the Hunan student patriotic movement with Mao Zedong, and also took the first step in his revolutionary road.
In 1925, Duan Dechang joined the Communist Party of China and was sent to study at the Whampoa Military Academy. In 1926, Chiang Kai-shek created the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries, detained and persecuted communists, and Duan Dechang actively suggested that the "Young Soldiers' Federation" write an open letter to Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek, enraged, ordered the arrest of the letter writer and the firing of Duan Dechang. Later, after being introduced by Zhou Enlai, Duan Dechang entered the "Chinese National Political Workshop", and later participated in the training class of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army, and after graduating, he worked in the 6th Army and participated in the Northern Expedition.
Duan Dechang bronze statue in Dechang Park, Nanxian County.
Peng Dehuai's introduction to the party
After the start of the Northern Expedition, Duan Dechang entered Hunan with the 6th Army and was later transferred to the Propaganda Section of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army. Soon, Duan Dechang participated in the siege of Wuchang and was promoted to director of the political department of the 1st Division of the 35th Army and editor-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Weekly. Here he became acquainted with Peng Dehuai, commander of the 1st Battalion of the 1st Regiment of the Division. As soon as the two men saw each other, they often had a long talk together, talking about the situation and ideals.
In October 1926, after the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Wuchang, Duan Dechang and Peng Dehuai led their troops to Dangyang Yuquan Mountain to intercept the remnants of Wu Peifu. One night, when they were camping in the Guandi Temple on Yuquan Mountain, the two of them laid straw and talked happily. For this conversation, Peng Dehuai still remembers this conversation 40 years later, and he made a large and detailed description in his "Self-Description":
Duan asked me how I felt about Guan Yunchang? I say that Guan is a tool used by the ruling class, which is not interesting. Duan asked me what to be interesting? I say that it is interesting to serve the workers and peasants. What was the ultimate goal of the National Revolution? I believe that the tillers should have their land, and should not stay on the two or five rent reductions. Duan said that a true revolutionary should not stay in the hands of the tillers who own their land, but should change the private ownership of the means of production into public ownership, and develop from distribution according to work to a communist system of distribution according to needs. The task of the Communist Party is to realize socialism and communism, and the Communist Party members are to fight for such an ideal society all their lives.
This knee-jerking talk was the first time that Peng Dehuai had received enlightenment education in the proletarian revolution in a more profound way, and it was the beginning of a fundamental turning point in his life path. Later, Peng Dehuai joined the Communist Party of China, and Duan Dechang was his introducer and guide.
Duan Dechang's life performance exhibition hall.
A "victorious general" who can fight a good war
From June 1928 onwards, Duan Dechang served as a member of the Essi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, a squadron leader of the Essi Guerrilla Brigade, a chief of staff of the guerrilla general brigade, and a commander of an independent division, and led his troops to create guerrilla base areas in the junction area of Jianli and Qiuyang.
In October 1929, Duan Dechang defeated the regular Kuomintang army at Niejialing, which had 10 times more troops than the guerrillas, creating a brilliant example of the first time that the guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China defeated the enemy regular army at Honghu Lake.
After February 1930, Duan Dechang served as deputy commander of the 6th Army and commander of the 1st Column of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, political commissar and commander of the 6th Army of the 2nd Army, and chief of the Red Guard of the Xiang'e West Soviet Union County Government, and participated in the creation and consolidation of the Xiang'e Western Soviet District centered on Honghu Lake.
In April 1931, Duan Dechang was appointed commander of the 9th Division of the Red 3rd Army (reorganized from the Red 2nd Army), commanding the troops to win successive battles and victories, and won victories in the battles of Sanguandian, Shagang, Pujiguan, Haoxue, Wangjiaqiao, Longwangji, Wenjiadun, and Xingouzui.
Since then, Duan Dechang has become a well-known "Changsheng General", and together with He Long, he is known as the two "dragons" in the base area, and the folk song "There is no he who falls, and no duan is invincible".
In Duan Dechang's military career, there was a "sixteen-character recipe" -- "When the enemy comes and I fly, when the enemy goes, I return, if the enemy is more, if the enemy is more, the enemy will run, and if the enemy is small, it will be engaged." This was a tactic summed up by Duan Dechang and his comrades-in-arms, which was later praised by Mao Zedong.
Monument to "Duan Dechang Martyrs Forever".
Martyr No. 1 of the Republic
Regrettably, in 1933, due to the expansion of the internal "purge" in the Soviet zone, Duan Dechang, who had made great achievements in battle, was mistakenly killed at the age of 29. Before leaving, he said firmly: "I was born a communist, and I died a ghost of the communist party." "No matter what difficult circumstances, I will always believe in the party and be loyal to the party."
In May 1933, Jinguoping, Hefeng County, Hubei Province. Duan Dechang calmly walked toward the execution ground. Facing the execution rifle, he said: "Use the knife, save a bullet, hit the enemy." ”
In April 1945, the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which ended in Yangjialing, Yan'an, adopted the Resolution on Several Historical Issues. At the meeting, Mao Zedong solemnly proposed that Duan Dechang be rehabilitated. On June 17, a memorial meeting for Duan Dechang and other martyrs was held in the auditorium of the Central Party School. Mao Zedong served as the chief priest and offered an eulogy: "Long live the martyrs who died."
On August 3, 1952, Mao Zedong issued the No. 1 "Honorable Commemorative Certificate for the Families of Revolutionary Martyrs" of the Central People's Government for the families of the martyr Duan Dechang.
The certificate reads: "Comrade Duan Dechang made a glorious sacrifice in the revolutionary struggle, his great deeds will never be immortalized, and his family members should be respected by society..."
Source: Rednet
Editor: Zhang Yan