Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower, etc., is a vegetable that people often eat in their lives and is an important vegetable crop in China. The main factor affecting the yield and quality of broccoli is the disease and pest, and experienced vegetable farmers will choose the agent in time according to the occurrence of diseases and insects. Here are some common pests and diseases on cauliflower and their control measures.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" > butterfly</h1>
Vegetable powder butterfly to the larvae as the main pest, larvae are also known as cabbage green insect, larvae bite the host leaf, only nibble on the leaf flesh before the 2nd instar, leaving a layer of transparent epidermis, after 3 years of encroachment leaf holes or lack of carving, when the leaves are all eaten, only the thick veins and petioles remain, resulting in extinction, easy to cause the epidemic of cabbage soft rot. Larvae can also burrow into the cabbage leaves to harm, not only in the leaf bulb to overeat the vegetable heart, the excrement also pollutes the vegetable heart, making the quality of the vegetable bad, and causing rot, reducing the yield and quality of vegetables.
Peak occurrence: Spring and autumn are the most harmful in the year.
Prevention and control methods:
(1) Biological control: In the early stage of the occurrence of young larvae, spraying Withus thuringiensis or butterfly granule virus has a good control effect on green worms, and the spraying time is best in the evening.
(2) Chemical control. Due to the serious generational overlap of green worms, the larvae after 3 instars increase their food intake and drug resistance increase, and they should be sprayed before 2 years of age and eliminated before 3 instars. Pharmacy options: methylamino avermectin, ether permethrin, avermectin, dimethoate, etc
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" > cabbage moth</h1>
The harm of the young larvae of the small cabbage moth is to eat the leaf flesh of the plant, leaving the epidermis, forming transparent spots on the leaves, forming leaf holes; the 3-4 year old larvae of the small cabbage moth can eat the leaves into holes and missing carvings, and in severe cases, the whole leaves are eaten into a network. During the crop seedling stage, the heart leaves are often concentrated as a pest, which affects the heart. The small cabbage moth also harms young stems, young pods and seeds.
Cabbage moth
Peak period: The occurrence of the small cabbage moth clearly shows two peaks throughout the year, the first from mid-May to late June, and the second from late August to late October.
(1) Physical control: black light traps adult insects.
(2) Sexual trapping agent booby trap: male moths can be booby-trapped by live female moths or rough extracts of the day.
(3) Biological control: It can be sprayed with water with the preparation of Thuringiensis. Protects natural enemies or is released after captivity to control the moth.
(4) Pharmaceutical control: urea, methylphenidate, methylamino avermectin, dimethodium, etc
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" > aphids (kale aphids).</h1>
Multiple generations occur in a year, and parthenogenesis can occur all year round in warm climates. Adults and larvae can suck on the young parts of crops, which seriously affects the growth of cruciferous crops such as cauliflower.
(1) Physical control: the use of aphids has a strong tendency to yellow, and yellow sticky boards are set up in the field. It can also be used to use the principle that aphids have a negative tendency (evasion) of silver gray, hanging or covering the silver gray film in the field,
(2) Chemical control: imidacloprid, acetamiprid, matrine (Yake), high efficiency cyfluthrin, thiazide, enidiafen, pyritone, etc
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="04" > kale moth/twill moth</h1>
It can eat the flesh of the leaves, leaving only the veins of the leaves, and even peeling off the cortex of the stem. The larvae can migrate in groups, slightly disturbed by the spit on the ground, and have a suspended death. After 3 to 4 years of age, it dives in the lower part of the plant or in the soil crevice during the day and moves out in the evening to eat.
It occurs 6 to 8 generations a year, occurs more in July to August, and has more high temperature and drought years, and often mixes with small vegetable moths, which is a great threat to leafy vegetables. On kale and cabbage, it can be mothed into leaf bulbs and heart leaves, and excrete feces, causing pollution and decay, making it lose its commodity value.
Cabbage nocturnal moth larvae
(1) Physical control: Booby-trap adult insects can be trapped by black light lamps or sweet and sour pots.
(2) Chemical control: ethyl polybactericide, methyl vitamin salt (such as tiger), chlorantranose benzamide, indigovirus, etc
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="05" > downy mildew</h1>
The leaves are the most susceptible to old leaves, and the yellow spots with inconspicuous edges appear at the time of the onset, gradually expanding, due to the polygonal or irregular yellow-brown to black-brown spots limited by the leaf veins, and the black-brown spots on the back of the leaves are more obvious and slightly protruding, and the back of the leaves produces a scattered white mold layer when high humidity. In severe cases, the leaves are yellowish and fall off.
Initial symptoms of cauliflower downy mildew
Prevention and control methods: At the beginning of the disease, spray control such as manganese zinc (Bang Jiawei), oxalis, enoyl morpholine, oxazolone and other sprays can be used for spray control in 7 to 10 days, and 2-3 times continuously.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="06" > soft rot</h1>
Most of them occur in the late stage of flower bulb formation, mainly harmful to flower bulbs, but also to the main stem and leaves. The site of the disease is first infiltrated and translucent, and then the diseased part becomes brown, soft and rotten, and the white bacteria overflow pus, which has a sticky and slippery feeling and a foul odor.
Cauliflower soft rot symptoms
Prevention and control methods: At the beginning of the disease, it is possible to use chlormycin, streptomycin sulfate, allicin (jingshuang), copper hydroxide, etc. once in 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="07" > black rot</h1>
At the seedling stage, the cotyledons are water-soaked, and then quickly wither or spread to the true leaves, starting from the leaf margin, and the "V" shaped yellow (red) brown spots appear at the tip of the leaf edge veins. Gradually spreads over the entire leaf margin, forming a circular arc of wavy yellow (red) brown band.
Symptoms of broccoli black rot
Prevention and control methods: At the beginning of the disease, spray prevention and control such as chlortethromycin, king copper, copper complexa, copper hydroxide, streptomycin sulfate can be selected, and the drug is applied once in 7-10 days, and sprayed 2 to 3 times continuously
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="08" > gray mold</h1>
With winter and early spring greenhouse occurrences are common. Occurs at both the seedling stage and the adult plant stage. At the seedling stage, the seedlings rot in a water-soaked manner and have a gray mold layer. The disease occurs at the adult stage, and the diseased tissues die and rot rapidly. "V" or irregular necrotic spots are formed on the leaves, and gray mold layers are produced in the diseased part when the air is moist.
Cauliflower gray mold symptoms
Prevention and control methods: At the beginning of the disease, spray control such as pentrazol, putrex, pyrazole ether ester, imidamine (Xiuguang), pyrimidine and other sprays can be used. For indoor cultivation, tobacco agent or dust agent can be selected for control.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="09" > sclerotia</h1>
Water-soaked light brown spots appear at the beginning of the disease. The edges are not obvious, the diseased tissue is soft and rotten, the lesions have white or off-white cotton flocculent mycelium on the lesions, and form a black murine-like sclerotium.
Symptoms of cauliflower sclerotia
Prevention and control methods: spray protection in the early stage of the disease, focusing on spraying the base of the plant stem, old leaves and the ground, and the agent can choose to use methylthiophilin, isobacterium urea and other spray control.
Finally, we remind all farmers that when choosing a drug for control, when local pests and diseases have developed a certain resistance to some drugs, we must pay attention to the rotation of drugs, and it is best to choose agents with different mechanisms of action to avoid cross-resistance.
Source: Web Platform
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