Empress Dowager Dou was the wife of Emperor Wen of Han and a figure who had an important influence on the early politics of the Western Han Dynasty. In the village of Qingzuka in Wuyi County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, there is also the joint tomb of her parents, which is known locally as "Dou's Qingshan". Today we will take you to this article to understand the story of the Dou Clan Qingshan.
[Dou Yifang became empress of the Han Dynasty because of the birth of a prince]
The old Dou family in the village has lost the laughter of the past, and the "top pillar" of the family fell into the water and died when he went out fishing. The death of his father made the already overstretched days even more difficult, and the eldest daughter of the family, Dou Yifang, went to the society prematurely and entered the palace as a "waiter" after Lü, when Dou Yifang was not yet 20 years old.
Portrait of Emperor Wen of Han
Later, Dou Yifang was reassigned to daiguo to serve Liu Heng, the fourth son of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gaozu. Here, the clever and beautiful Dou Yifang won the love of Liu Heng, and the two also had their own love crystals.
In 180 BC, Lü Hou died, and the eunuch Zhou Bo and Chen Ping, the chancellor, destroyed the Lü forces, and they welcomed Liu Heng, the loyal and peaceful acting king, to inherit the throne, who was Emperor Wen of Han. Dou Yifang, who gave birth to the emperor's eldest son Liu Qi (Emperor Jing of Han), naturally became an empress. In just a few years, Dou Yifang completed the "counterattack" from "waiter" to queen.
Portrait of the Han Jing Emperor
Accustomed to the strange situation, this made Dou Yifang develop a cautious personality. The empress lived long and was energetic, and she had an important influence on the political situation in the early Western Han Dynasty. He assisted her husband Liu Hengli in his efforts to govern and resolutely supported his son in the Jing Dynasty to quell the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, which laid the foundation for restoring the national strength of the Han Dynasty, maintaining the unified situation, and later the prosperity of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There is no doubt that her contribution to history has been enormous.
Moreover, Dou Yifang, who believed in the art of Huang Lao, was humble and retreating, and under the influence of this, her elder brother Dou Changjun and younger brother Dou Shaojun "did not dare to be proud of their wealth" after being awarded the title of marquis, which won the praise of the courtiers. Most of the dou family's sons who came out and joined the army were also able to preserve the Lu position, and such a family was rare in the Western Han Dynasty.
Of course, as a famous female politician, Dou Yifang's life's work is not complete. She admired huang laozhi's art, but suppressed the Confucian school, which also had a negative impact on the situation. For example, her exclusion of the Confucian school led to the suicide of Zhao Xuan and Wang Zang. Because Yuangusheng did not have a high opinion of Huang Laozhi's words, she forced him to duel with wild boars in the pigsty. Subject to this, Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty did not dare to let go of his hands and feet to carry out reforms in the early days of his reign. In addition, because of her preference for her younger son Liu Wu, she once influenced the Han Jing Emperor Li Chu.
【Empress Dou built a mausoleum for her parents in her hometown】
Rich and filial, Dou Yifang, as empress, remembered her dead father, and she posthumously named her father "Marquis of Sicheng" and her mother "Lady Ancheng" and ordered the construction of her father's tomb in her hometown of Guanjin (崫津, in present-day Wuyi County). According to the regulations at that time, the Qinghe State relocated two hundred families to settle in the cemetery area, specifically for the Dou couple to guard the tomb.
The Western Jin Dynasty scholar Zhi Yu mentions this tomb in his commentary in the "History of the Family of Foreign Relatives": "Empress Dowager Dou's father was less struck by Qin chaos, fished in stealth, and fell into a spring and died. Emperor Jing and the empress dowager sent emissaries to fill their father's place and raise a large tomb in the south of Guanjin Castle, and the human number was Dou Clan Qingshanya. ”
The reference to the "Notes on the Records of the Three Auxiliaries" in the "Guanjin County" entry in the Book of later Han And the Chronicle of the County (II) also confirms this statement: "(Dou Yifang) sent emissaries to fill in the abyss where his father fell and was buried, and the tomb was raised in the south of the county town, and the people's name was Dou Qingshan. Today, there is also the site of "Dou's Qingshan" in Qingzuka Village, Wuyi County, which lasted more than 2,000 years of wind and rain, and the existing ancient tomb sealing soil is as high as 28 meters, and the circumference has reached 600 meters, which is spectacular in the plain area.
The Book of History
It is important to call the tomb "Qingshan". Qin and Han high-specification ancient tombs have many sealed soil, and the distant view is indeed like a mountain mausoleum, plus the age is long, the trees above are lush, and there is indeed a feeling of "Qingshan". Later, the residents who settled in the area of "Dou's Qingshan" named the settlement "Aozuka Village", which is also a memorial to this mausoleum.
Filling in the abyss and building graves, coupled with drainage and soil piling, such a engineering volume is enormous. In ancient times, when there was a lack of lifting machinery, it took a lot of manpower and material resources to complete such a large-scale tomb construction. Coupled with the funerary items in the tomb, it also costs money.
Ironically, the reigning Emperor Wen of Han believed in the art of Huang Lao and had the reputation of "cherishing the people's strength", but he was very willing to give money to his father-in-law to build a tomb. An ancient Ming emperor is still like this, and it is conceivable that the so-called "prosperous world" in the history books is nothing more than the rulers temporarily suspending the exploitation of the people, and does not change its hypocritical nature.
The scene of the Dou's Qingshan Temple Fair | from Xiaoqiaotou Town, Wuyi County
Even more ironically, Dou Yifang, known for his frugality, gave all the money he had left behind to his eldest daughter, Liu Yan, before his death. This "eldest princess" of the Han Jing Emperor period was extravagant and lascivious, and this money naturally became the capital she continued to squander.
Without the shackles of the old empress, The Han Wu emperor Liu Che began a new round of reforms, and the Western Han Dynasty also entered its heyday.
【"Dou's Qingshan" was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit】
The "Dou Qingshan" became a spectacular group of Han tombs in Hengshui City, and in the Fang Zhi materials of later generations, "Dou's Qingshan" was listed as one of the "Eight Views of Wuyi". On this grand mausoleum, the people of Wuyi built a series of buildings such as the Huguo Temple, the Xiangu Building and the Dragon King Temple, praying for the smooth wind and rain and the safety of their families. Over time, more and more people came here to pray for incense, and thus formed a well-known temple fair.
During the Japanese invasion of China, they wantonly cut down trees on the sealed soil, and the lush cemetery became a muddy area. The sons and daughters of Wuyi, who were not willing to be slaves to the country, took up arms, rose up against the brutal invaders, and composed a heroic chapter that could be sung and wept. The mountains are like the sea, the sun is like blood, and the green mountains are silent.
After the founding of New China, Dou's Qingshan was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Hebei Province, and this ancient tomb that has endured vicissitudes has finally been properly protected in the new era.
Today's Dou's Qingshan
Every year on the third day of March of the lunar calendar, villagers from all over the world gather in Dou's Qingshan, the highway is bustling with traffic, everyone burns incense and prays, and the peaceful countryside becomes bustling for a while. The crowd was surging and dusty, and I don't know how many people were descendants of the Dou family.
The relevant references and citations of this article are: "Shi Ji , Foreign Relatives "Shi Ji " Xiaowen Emperor Benji "Later Han Shu • Junguo Zhi", "Dou Qingshan and Empress Dou".
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