Xitai cried and thought
[Song] Xie Ao
Cried his confidant and went down in the daytime.
Tears fell on the Water of the Wu River, and returned to the sea with the tide.
The old clothes are still dyed blue, and the soil is not pitiful.
The guests in the mountains who are not old should only be given eight sorrows.
【Notes】
West Terrace: Diaoyutai. In present-day Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, nanfuchun Mountain.
Residual year: The original meaning is the year of decline, and here is the solution of the residual winter. According to Wen Tianxiang, he was killed in the winter of the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty.
Confidant: A person who knows each other and has a deep friendship.
Wujiang: Refers to the Fuchun River, which is the upper reaches of the Qiantang River, and the Yanziling Diaoyutai is on the Fuchun River.
Old clothes sentence: Old clothes, the remains of the deceased. Bi, Blue Blood, Zhuangzi. "Foreign Objects" chapter: "Cang Hong died in Shu, hid his blood, and turned into bi in three years." ”
Houtu: Emperor Tianhou Soil, refers to heaven and earth, houtu is the god of land.
Pity: Cherish talents.
Yamanaka: The author calls himself.
"Eight Lamentations": Du Fu has "Eight Lamentations" poems, mourning Wang Sili, Li Guangbi, Yan Wu, Ruyang Wang Xuan, Li Yong, Su Yuanming, Zheng Qian, Zhang Jiuling and other eight famous Tang Dynasty military generals.
【Translation】
In the middle of winter, I came to the West Terrace and wept with the heroic and righteous confidant Wen Tianxiang; it was already dusk, and the sunset shone on the desolate platform.
When I cried in Wujiang to sacrifice your tears, sprinkled into the river and flowed with the tide; today, with the tide flowing in front of me, together with the new tears, filling this Fuchun River.
You are gone, your blood-spattered robes, the blood must have turned blue; Emperor Tianhou Earth, why don't you care about talents so much!
Now only I am left, not yet old, buried in the mountains and forests, doing nothing; I can only give poetry to mourn, and I am sad.
【Appreciation】
Eight years after the national hero Wen Tianxiang was killed, it was already the twenty-seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1290 AD). On the ninth day of the first month of December, the day of Wen Tianxiang's martyrdom, Xie Ao, Wu Siqi, Feng Guifang, and others came to the West Terrace on the fuchun River, set up The Spiritual Lord of Wen Tianxiang, wept and sacrificed to this hero and mentor, returned to the ship, and wrote this poem.
This is a weeping poem. The whole poem unfolds layer by layer according to the title, the first link is "West Terrace", the second link is written "Crying", and the third and fourth joints are written "Thoughts". The poem shows the author's grief for Wen Tianxiang and his own hatred for the Yuan regime, and the mourning of the subjugation of the country, which is condensed in every word.
The poem rises flat, first explaining the time and place: at the end of the year, come to the west platform, a round of cold days, hurriedly falling west. In this joint poem, the word "confidant" is the main brain. When Xie Ao was young, he followed Wen Tianxiang to fight against the Yuan soldiers and joined the army as an advisor. The two inspired each other and resolved to sacrifice their lives for the country. Later, Wen Tianxiang's army was defeated and captured, and Xie Ao lived in seclusion in the south. After Wen Tianxiang's death, Xie Ao set up a weeping sacrifice every year to mourn. The word "confidant" emphasizes the life-and-death friendship between the two, and only by crying confidante can you be so sad. Although the scene at the time of the sacrifice written in the poem is a direct description of reality, the year is a cruel year, the platform is a barren platform, and it is dusk, and the cold day is bleak, so that the whole scene is naturally covered with a thick atmosphere of decay and gloom. Thus, in such an atmosphere, the tears of the poet's sorrow spilled down like raindrops.
The second group writes crying, using emotion as a tendency to exert imagination. Because he had a heavy heart, tears, and looked at the rushing Fuchun River, full of sentimentality, he felt that the tears of Wen Tianxiang who cried in Suzhou in previous years followed the river into the sea, and now they have returned with the tide of the sea and merged with the tears now. In this way, his tears will return endlessly and live forever in the world, and his mourning will also live forever in the world. Writing in this way, the meaning is very rich, not to say the current crying, but to set off the current crying more vividly.
The third link turns from crying to thinking. He was mourning Wen Tianxiang, and naturally remembered the scene of Wen Tianxiang's righteousness. When Wen Tianxiang was killed, he was still dressed in Song Dynasty costumes and generously received the blade. Therefore, the poem uses the word "old clothes" to praise his loyalty and loyalty, and the allusion that Cang Hong's blood has turned into a blue, singing the praises of his loyalty, righteousness, and longevity. Thinking of Wen Tianxiang's suffering, he couldn't help but look up to the heavens and appeal, why did the ruthless Emperor Heaven and Earth not cherish talents so much, so that Wen Tianxiang ended up like this.
In the end, the poems from death and life, from Wen Tianxiang to himself, said that he was still alive, not yet old age, but achieved nothing, could no longer do anything, could only write some poems in this mountain to mourn the martyrs of loyal subjects. Xie Ao was forty-two years old, so he claimed to be not old. However, the word "not old" has a deep meaning, which is relative to Wen Tianxiang. The deceased has been dead for many years, he is humiliated and secretly born, his heart is very painful, he feels that it is not interesting to live like this, and he is eager to meet Wen Tianxiang underground as soon as possible, so "not old" instead increases a serious heart and a heavy burden. This thought is exactly the same as Qing Huangzhong's "vast days and sorrows like a sea, sending words and fast whipping". These two couplets are still flat and straightforward, but the emotions are deep. Ren Shilin said that Xie Ao's "songs and poems are called small, their fingers are large, their words are hidden, their righteousness is obvious, they have the wind and people, they are like the Tang Dynasty, and they are especially good at narratives" ("The Biography of Xie Ao" ("The Biography of Xie Ao" by the Song Dynasty). Ren Shilin summed up Xie Ao's poems in this way, which is very insightful.
This weeping poem unfolds layer by layer according to the title, with the first link "West Terrace", the second link writing "Crying", and the third and fourth joints writing "Thoughts". The poet's mourning for Wen Tianxiang is not slightly reduced by the passage of time, and when mourning Wen Tianxiang, he also expresses his hatred for the Yuan regime and the mourning of the subjugation of the country, condensed in every word. The five hundred disciples who committed suicide for Tian Heng when Xie Ao's weeping in Xitai were compared to those of Han Gaozu were seen in Xie Ao's sense of confidant to Wen Tianxiang and his strong patriotic enthusiasm.
Lamenting that Wen Tianxiang is a building that is difficult to fall over, and thus the death of the country, is the common feeling of most of the remnants, because xie Ao's special relationship with Wen Tianxiang, so the emotions revealed in this poem are particularly deep. It should be noted that the Yuan regime adopted a tolerant and understanding attitude towards the song remnants to mourn Wen Tianxiang, and many people who had already served in the Yuan Dynasty at that time also wrote poems mourning Wen Tianxiang. For example, Yu Ji praised Wen Tianxiang in the poem "Bang Wen Cheng Xiang" and expressed the thoughts of the homeland and the hatred of the subjugation of the country like "there is no need to go to the new pavilion, it is not as good as when the tears were spilled before". Xu Shilong, a scholar of the official residence, even openly said that Emperor Yuan's was not, pointing out that "today we do not kill Wen Cheng Xiang, and the junyi and the loyal will be both obtained." Because of such a relaxed policy, a large number of patriotic poems of the remnants of the late Song Dynasty were preserved.
【Author】
Xie Ao, (1249-1295) Changxi, Fujian (a native of Xiaoyang Town, Fu'an City, Ningde City), character Gao Yu, character Gao father, song tired, also known as Xi Fazi. Emperor Gong deyou Zhongyuan's troops went south, and Wen Tianxiang opened the capital Yanping, led hundreds of township soldiers to vote for him, and was appointed to consult and join the army. And Tianxiang's army was defeated, and he escaped from lurking in the people and avoided the east of Zhejiang. After tasting the YanLing, climbing the fishing platform, paying homage to Tianxiang, there is "Xitai Weeping" passed down. Later, he went to Pujiang, and fang feng, Wu Siqi and other Yuequan Yin Society. Died, friends Fang Feng, Wu Siqi and others from their initial intentions were buried in Diaoyutainan. There are "Xi Fa Collection", compilation of "Heaven and Earth Collection", "Puyang Ancestors Biography" and so on.