In Taishan, there is a saying of "three villages and two stones", "three villages": six villages in Doosan Town, Xincun Village in Duhu Town, Wencun Town, and "two stones": Pushi Village in Doosan Town, and Baishi Village in Duhu Town.
These three villages contain an ancient city with a history of more than 700 years. This is the ancient city of Wencun.
Why is this ancient city called Wencun? According to the records, when the ancestors of the Chen clan moved south, the Chen brothers met According to the data, when the ancestors of the Chen clan moved south, the Chen brothers met to "stop when the surge" was near the water, which was convenient for future gatherings, and it was also to commemorate the source of the Nanxiong Shashui Village, and the fixed village name was "Wen Village".
According to the "Brief Genealogy of Wencun Chen Min", in the eighth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1272), Chen Kai came to this village from Zhuji Lane of Nanxiong Shashui Village. Chen Kai settled here from Nanxiong, and since the Song Dynasty, Wencun has a history of more than 730 years.
The "Chronicle of Xinning County" records: "Wencun is located in the midst of ten thousand mountains, surrounded by the ocean, and the sheep intestine bird road leads into it. Thorn bamboo slope pond, interlaced, the terrain is precipitous. ”
According to the "Wencun Chen Clan Genealogy", "From the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were thousands of people, more than 200 Tian Zeng, and 14 households. Wanli and qizhen of the world, called the Sheng clan also. ”
Historical records show that as early as the Ming Dynasty, it had a prosperous atmosphere. Wencun is bordered by kasama Peak in the north, the mountains overlap, the left side is the White Tiger Mountain, the right side is the Shuanglong Mountain, and the south is the South China Sea, and the peaks and streams form a river channel, called the Wencun River.
When the ancestors of Wencun chose to set up a village here, they advocated the philosophy of "the unity of heaven and man", so that their descendants would always be in the embrace of nature, between the mountains and the sea, stopping at every moment, and living by water. The core area of the village is the Chen Ancestral Ancestral Hall Group, which radiates outward from this point, and the streets and alleys circle around, like gossip.
The entire ancient city of Wencun has a layout of three floors outside the three floors,
The outer three floors are the city walls, ponds, and moats.
The third floor is the level shown by the straight streets and alleys.
There is a gate in the east, west, south and north of the ancient city of Wencun, which was originally named "East Work, West Cheng, South Kaoru and North Arch".
During the Yongzheng period, Wang Xuan of Zhixian visited Haiyan Capital and gladly named the four gates of Wencun "Dongyang, Xikang, Nanxun and North Arch", which have been used to this day.
Until the Republic of China, Wencun still had a sound urban structure, 4 city gates were heavily fortified, each city gate had 2 cannons cast in pig iron, a flagpole was erected in front of the city gate, there was a 4-storey bunker in the east, west, south and north, and the exit of each city gate led to the moat stone bridge.
The inner streets of wencun ancient city are quaint and quaint, and the streets and alleys are crisscrossed like a labyrinth, which is fascinating. Before the 1950s and 1960s, most of the streets and roads were paved with stone slabs, and most of the houses were tile houses with 1 to 2 floors, and there was a relatively high threshold at the door of the house, and the door of the house was a wooden door, which was strong and beautiful and practical.
There are many wells in the city, and the clear well water is cool and sweet, like mineral water. Ancient trees can be seen everywhere, and men, women and children enjoy the joy of the world in the shade of the trees.
The Wencun River surrounds the ancient city of Wencun, with a stone bridge leading to the city in the east, west, south and north, and a dam in the north river for intercepting the river to irrigate farmland, and when the amount of water increases during the rainy season, many children surf and chase the water downstream of the dam, which has a unique landscape.
There are still many monuments preserved in the ancient city of Wencun. In the north corner of the east gate, there is a section of the ancient city wall that is about 35 meters long, about 2.3 meters high, and about 80 centimeters thick. One of the most famous ancient wells in the ancient city is said to have been used by Zhu Yutao, the king of the Southern Ming and Tang Dynasties.
The main street in the city is paved with 3 bluestone slabs wide and about 2 kilometers long, which has a history of more than 400 years, which is a unique scenery of the ancient city of Wencun.
Most of the ancient houses are well protected, and the residential building styles of the ancient city of Wencun are different, and the basic structure is 11 trusses, 13 trusses and 15 trusses.
Single-room houses, called noble heads; single rooms with a patio cloister in front, called room corridors;
2 rooms in parallel, called side horn cattle;
3 rooms in one, called a stack.
Out of the need to resist the enemy, the ancient houses in Wencun are built in the streets and alleys, subdivided into small units, 3 households and one base, 5 households and one fort, and there is a necessary gatehouse, which can fight for each other and help each other. There are also some large houses in the city that pay attention to the design of internal and external structures, mostly built by overseas Chinese.
"Xinning County Chronicle" and "Wencun Zhi Chaos Record", "Wencun Rural History Facts", "Wencun Ancient City Line", "Wencun Chen Clan Genealogy" and other historical materials are recorded. During the Ming Dynasty, Wencun began to be invaded by thieves. In longqing 5 years, "red-haired dwarfs" invaded Wencun. At that time, Wencun "had neither a pond to defend nor a military revolution to be ashamed of, and men and women were allowed to be captured, and the treasurers were allowed to plunder." After this disaster, the population of Wencun "died more than halfway". After that, after more than 50 years of recovery, Wencun once again appeared in the scene of "reviving the teeth and reviving the poetry".
In the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), Wencun produced a man named Chen Wangdao. In the last year of Chongzhen, the earth thieves rose again. Chen Wangdao made a strategy for long-term peace and long-term rule, and proposed to build a city wall defense. In the spring of 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi), the ancient city wall of Wencun was completed, the city was equipped with 4 gates, the city wall was about 3 meters high, compacted with a mixture of yellow clay and lime, there were a few brick walls, the city wall was rectangular, about 1 kilometer from east to west, about half a mile from north to south, and there were moats about 3 meters wide outside the city wall, and there was a moat around the periphery, forming a fortress to resist the invasion of soil thieves.
In the early years of Shunzhi, Wang Xing, a local armed force that opposed the Qing Dynasty and restored the Ming Dynasty, successively attached himself to the Longwu Imperial Court and the Yongli Imperial Court. Emperor Longwu appointed Wang Xing as deputy commander-in-chief and guarded Yangjiang and Yangchun counties. After the fall of the Longwu regime, Shaowu and yongli erfang fought for the establishment of the second domain, and Wang Xing was attached to the Yongli court. This move was trusted by the Yongli imperial court, and the Yongli Emperor "enfeoffed Wang Xing of Tuzhen in Xinhui as Gao Mingbo in the sixth year of Shunzhi (永历三年, 1649), and recruited the Yi Brigade". Wang Xing saw that Wencun was located on the coast, surrounded by mountains on three sides, facing the sea in front of it, and had a city wall and moat defense, which was a military stronghold that was easy to defend and difficult to attack, and was determined to establish the last base area against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty.
In November of the eleventh year of Shunzhi (the eighth year of the Yong calendar, 1654), after Wang Xing led his troops to capture Wencun, it was renamed "Wen'an City", which was renamed "Wen'an City", which was built to resist the Qing Dynasty, "boiled the sea and cast mountains, farmed and accumulated millet", developed the salt industry, built warehouses, cast knives and guns, built ditches, lied to corporals, recruited troops, strengthened the ranks, and established a regime in "Wen'an City" with anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming in the southern areas of Xinning and Enping counties. In the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), Wang Xing took Zhu Yufeng, the king of the Southern Tang Dynasty, to "Wen'an City", where Zhu Yufeng and the general were appointed, and Zhu Yufeng made Wang Xing the Governor of Zuodu and hung the tiger card.
Between the thirteenth and fourteenth years of Shunzhi, Shang Kexi, the king of Pingnan in the Qing Dynasty, sent troops to attack "Wen'an City" twice, but was repulsed. In the early autumn of the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), King ShangKexi of Pingnan decided to personally lead his troops on a campaign, adopting the strategy of "combining land and water attacks, so that the two wings of The Zhang were wide encircled, and the entry and exit were invited to break off, hoping to sit in a trap". The two armies held each other until the autumn of the following year (shunzhi sixteenth year, 1659), and the "Wen'an Castle" was gradually depleted. At this time, King Shangke of Pingnan sent messengers to persuade Wang Xing to surrender. Wang Xing finally did not see him, and said to his brother: "The city can be bullied and cannot be eaten, and the heavens are also." I will never descend. The brother caresses the orphans in order to continue the ancestors, and I die and do not die." So on the "eve of the sun", Wang Xing ordered his generals to strictly guard the "Wen'an City", and he and his wife Zhang Shi and his concubines went north to pay homage to Xie'en and put wine on each other. Zhang and 15 of his concubines hanged themselves, and the 44-year-old Wang Xing set himself on fire. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yufeng, the king of the Southern Tang Dynasty, also committed suicide by swallowing a brain tablet, and all of them surrendered. Since then, "Wen'an City" has been under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.