The Sima family's head is too bad... The founding of the Western Jin Dynasty faced many problems, most of which came from the following aspects:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > first, the Sima family usurped the throne for too long</h1>
From Sima Yi's initiation of the Gaopingling Rebellion and his control of the political situation of Cao Wei, to Sima Yan's self-reliance on Behalf of Wei, it took 16 years. After that, it took another 15 years for the Western Jin Dynasty to unify the world, a total of three generations and four people for a total of 31 years. The so-called long night dreams, the longer the time drags on, the more complicated the transfer of power, the greater the consumption will be.
Sima Yi himself was a powerful courtier, not a prince, let alone an emperor, so what qualifications did Sima Shi have to inherit his position of power? Therefore, after Sima Yi's death, don't say Taifu, even the great general did not become a master after two years. Moreover, there were many people who disobeyed him inside and outside the country, and Zhang Ji, Li Feng, Wen Qin, and Yuqiu Jian all launched actions against Sima Shi, and Sima Shi himself died in the counter-rebellion.
Sima Shi
Sima Zhao's governing policy was much more rounded than that of Sima Shi, that is, to add officials to jinjue and vigorously win over all the powerful lords and lords, and to tie everyone to the chariot of the Sima family. This trick Sima Shi was also using, but the reward given by Sima Zhao was obviously much heavier, and the Sima family rewarded people madly whenever something major happened.
Taking the dog-legged Jia Chong as an example, before Sima Zhao came to power, Jia Chong was only a 400-household pavilion marquis, Sima Shi destroyed Wen Qin and Yiqiu Jian to celebrate, increasing to 750 households, Sima Zhao extinguished Zhuge Birthday and celebrated it, becoming a township marquis of 1750 households, killing Cao Zhao and celebrating again, increasing to 2950 households. Guess how many years it took in between? Five years. If you compare the seven or eight hundred households of Cao Wei's founding three dukes Jia Xu, Hua Xin, and Wang Lang, you can see how exaggerated Sima Zhao's reward is.
And Sima Zhao could not only buy his own dog legs, he wanted to get the support of everyone, and cao Wei's old ministers, foreign relatives Xun Gui, and feudal officials could not be left behind. Cao Wei's clan general Cao Zhen, who controlled the Chinese army at that time, had 2,900 households to eat, and the border town generals in Sima Zhao's period had almost 5,000 households per capita.
Sima Zhao
To Sima Yan here is even more exaggerated. Sima Zhao fought some battles during the Sima Shi period, and he had merit in his body, what merit did Sima Yan have? Sima Yan had just turned thirty when he came to power, although it was not small, but all the high-ranking officials of the Manchu Dynasty were his elders, and this situation did not change until Sima Yan's death. Among the several people that Sima Yan left to assist his son Sima Zheng, Sima Liang was Sima Yan's uncle, Yang Jun was Sima Yan's father-in-law, and both were Sima Zheng's grandfathers, and Wei Wan and Sima Yan were the same generation (in-laws), but Wei Yan was 16 years older than Sima Yan and 39 years older than Sima Zheng, and in the end he was still two generations behind Sima Zheng. This is how Sima Yan interacted with a group of elders for a lifetime.
He did not have any prestige, and everyone in the court was still a great master, so Sima Yan's reward to the chancellor was much richer than Sima Zhao's. The imperial court has always honored the three dukes, and during the Sima Yan period, the three dukes were no longer enough and became the eighth duke. In addition, Sima Yan also sealed a bunch of dukes and mass-produced a number of ten thousand household marquises. But can the speed of productivity recovery keep up with the speed at which Sima Zhao's father and son can seal rewards?
If it had not been for the painstaking efforts of three generations but the completion of the transformation from a vassal to an emperor in one or two generations, the problems left by the Western Jin Dynasty would not have been so serious.
Sima Yan
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, Sima Yi's exemplary role is too bad</h1>
If the behavior of Cao Cao's father and son proves that after the chaos in the world, a person with a big fist can use the emperor's name to do things and kick the emperor away, then the behavior of the Sima family proves that even if there is no great chaos in the world, it can be done.
Take, for example, the famous Zhonghui Rebellion. Zhong Hui was born in the Yingchuan Zhong clan, at the age of 40, and was an official in Situ. Compared with Sima father and son, in terms of origin, the Sima clan of Hanoi chased the Yingchuan Zhong clan a few streets away. In terms of seniority, Sima Yi was serving as a secretary to Cao Cao at the age of 40, Sima Shi was defending the army at the age of 40, and Sima Zhao became a general of the Zhenxi Dynasty at the age of 40 by relying on the relationship between his father and brother, all of which were not as good as Zhong Hui, who was ranked third duke. In terms of merit, if nothing else, just by leading the main force to drive straight into Hanzhong in the Battle of Shu, Sima Yi was able to compare. Zhong Hui's only disadvantage was that he was not as good as the Sima family. In this case, your Sima father and son can usurp the throne, how can I Zhong not have an idea?
Bell meeting
However, the impact of this behavior is quite bad. Although the history books have written a lot of records of so-and-so predicting that Zhong would rebel, when Zhong would really rebel, Sima Zhao was completely ignorant at first--I was so good to Zhong Hui, how could he rebel?
And Zhong hui plotted rebellion, and the interrogation did not arrive, but the outsiders told him first. The emperor will be generous and unbelieving.
This reaction is actually very funny, is the Cao family bad for your Sima family?
Previously, Sima Zhao wanted to add food to Zhong Hui, Zhong Hui did not want it, Feng Zhong would be Jiu Qing, and Zhong Hui would not do it. When people call Zhong Hui a reincarnated Zhang Liang, not only to say that he is exhaustive, but also to praise him for his indifference to fame and fortune. However, these can be pretended, when the Cao family gave Sima Father and Son a reward, Sima Father and Son resigned less?
But in this way, who else would Sima Zhao's father and son dare to believe? Later, someone framed Shi Bao, who was guarding Huainan, for plotting rebellion, and Shi Bao was a close associate promoted by Sima Shi, with a low birth and bad popularity, almost a low-worthy Deng Ai, and Sima Yan was also frightened when he heard the news, and immediately summoned him back to the imperial court, followed by a recall.
Even if it is a hardcore dog-legged Jia Chong, it is still not impossible to rebel. Regarding his opposition to the destruction of Wu, Wang Fuzhi commented that Jia Chong wanted to take credit for himself so that sima Yi could be second.
Knowing that Wu Zhi would perish, and wanting to stay as his own merit, he had long had a long-standing ambition to misbehave, and he was particularly afraid of difficulties and did not dare to speak to him. Naiping Wu's plot began with Yang Hu, a pawn, and a premonition to end his business, and since he was able to do it first, he could inherit his merits and not enough to succeed, but he obstructed his actions so that Emperor Wu's failure, he had already upheld the power of the state, and then wu was able to do it today, then all the merits were attributed to himself, and it was not difficult to do it himself, and it was not difficult to do it himself. JinGanchong killed the king to wear himself, but did not defend himself early, and it was difficult to save him from chaos. Fortunately, after seven years of death and Emperor Wu's initial collapse, Jia Mi was talented and not bloody, not enough for Sima Zhao'er. Otherwise, how could the blade of the noble township duke be afraid and not do it? Women are still enough to die, full of them, when so?
It is said that when Sima Yan launched the annihilation of Wu, Jia Chongchao died three years later, and he was already a person who was half-cut into the ground, and who had such great ambitions. However, sima Yi was not also the gaopingling change launched only two years away from death, and the vivid positive textbook was in front of him. Even if Jia Chong didn't think so, Sima Yan wouldn't suspect jia Chong thinking so? Therefore, the spell left by Sima Yi has been plaguing his descendants, and the monarch is constantly consuming in his suspicions.
Jia Chong
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, the advantage of prosperity becomes a disadvantage</h1>
During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the great clans relied on marriage to consolidate relations, and some rising stars were able to rise rapidly to join the circle of scholars, which was also used in this way. The Sima family has a great advantage in this regard, Sima Yi has 7 brothers, he himself has 9 sons and 2 daughters, Sima Shi has no sons, but has 5 daughters, the most exaggerated is Sima Yan, a total of 26 sons and 13 daughters.
Relying on the strong ability to open branches and scatter leaves, the Sima family almost formed a marriage relationship with the high-gate surname Tongtong at that time. At the same time, the male ding in the family became a good helper for Sima Wang, Sima Liang, Sima Ling, Sima Jun, and others who had gone out of town to make meritorious contributions.
However, the influence of these royals was also increasing, like Sima Fu, who cried that he was a loyal minister of Great Wei, he was Sima Yan's grandfather, and he had made great contributions to destroying Cao Shuang, defeating Zhuge Ke, and abolishing Cao Fang, not to mention Sima Fu, and even Sima Fu's son Sima Wang was not the object that Sima Yan dared to provoke casually. In the end, Sima Fu was made the King of Anping with 40,000 households, and he also moved to the position of Dazai in ancient times.
Sima Fu
In addition, because Sima Shi died when his younger brother Sima Zhao succeeded him, this caused Sima Yan's younger brother Sima You to want to take over his brother's class all day. People often accuse Sima You of dying because of Sima Yan, but in fact Sima Yan was already very good to Sima You, and before Sima You's death, the treatment was as follows: the kings of Qi, the great Sima and the military governors of Qingzhou, added servants, false festivals, set up a thousand people in the camp, personally rode Sima You's big car as old as before, added one trumpet, rode twenty officials, and set up five people riding Sima Andi. It can be said that if you want power and power, if you want status and status, if you want face, you just won't make him the heir.
Sima You
In this case, Sima Yan also had to give real power to the kings, on the one hand, to learn from cao Wei's negative example, on the other hand, Sima Yan really did not have the strength to attack his huge family. If Sima Yan wanted to attack the clan, as far as prestige and legal theory were concerned, there was no shortage of princes who could stand up and take the lead in rebellion, and there was no shortage of princes who were qualified to inherit Sima Yan's position. If Sima Yan could barely hold the scene, what about Sima Zheng, who succeeded to the throne after Sima Yan's death?
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, the backlash brought about by too wide governance</h1>
As mentioned earlier, several generations of the Sima family have carried out a large reward in order to tie the interests of the great clan to themselves. From the time of Sima Yi, he was interested in buying people's hearts and minds, such as establishing the post of Dazhongzheng and giving the clan privileges to gain support. Later, Sima Yi also often used open-ended means to win people's hearts and minds during the Zhulian rebellion, such as the pardon of all of Cao Shuang's officials during the Gaopingling Rebellion, the fact that no one in the family was killed after Xiahou Ba's defection to the enemy, and the failure to pursue Cao Wenshu and Guo Huai's wives. These paths were later learned by Sima Yi's descendants, and as a result, the use of gaomen surnames became more and more lenient, and finally this model almost became a common system, and even Zhong Hui could rebel without connecting his family (Deng Ai, who was from a poor background, could not).
To Sima Yan here, the tolerance of governance reached its peak. As mentioned earlier, Sima Yan deals all day with a bunch of powerful people who are at least ten years older than himself and have made great achievements, and behind them are a bunch of relatives with prestige and legal reasons, in this case, Sima Yan has to use the extreme way of conniving with the chancellor to gain support. In the history books, it is often recorded that Sima Yan knew that there was something bad about so-and-so officials or that there was a problem with so-and-so's system, but he did not deal with it. Like Jia Chong has always been resolutely opposed to cutting Wu, but Sima Yan deliberately let him hang up the title of commander of Wu under the premise of not offending Jia Chong, and Jia Chong also constantly obstructed the action after becoming the commander- of Wu, and as a result, when the destruction of Wu was completed, Sima Yan also gave him eight thousand horses, increased the number of households, and rewarded him with a bunch of relatives.
The most famous story is that Sima Yan let his high-ranking officials fight for wealth, which immersed the entire Western Jin Dynasty officialdom in an atmosphere of drunken gold fans. However, for Sima Yan, a hundred high-ranking officials who were fighting for wealth were not as terrible as a bell who was indifferent to fame and fortune. Shi Chong, a well-known expert on Doufu, was the son of Shi Bao, who was falsely accused of rebellion when Sima Yan was frightened to dismiss him, but Shi Chong's embezzlement of Doufu Shi Shi Sima Yan did not accuse him. However, in this way, the entire Western Jin Dynasty officialdom was corrupted to the extreme from the central to the local level, the elite had privileges in all aspects, the social atmosphere was corrupt, and the oppression of the bottom could be imagined.
Shi Chong and Wang Kai doufu
Therefore, from the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty to unify China, this regime has lost any vitality of the nascent dynasty, and the part of restoring production is more like Cao Wei completing, while the Western Jin Dynasty is only responsible for the decline.