Editor's Note
On the occasion of celebrating the centennial birthday of the Communist Party of China, embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and marching toward the second centenary goal, the China Association for Science and Technology network opened a column entitled "Centennial Society Walking with the Party", selecting 9 national societies with a century-old history to show the growth process of the centennial society in supporting the party, loving the party, being loyal to the party, and following the party, and recording their original mission of persisting in handing over science to the people and using science to practice it as the original mission of Chinese the people for happiness and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.
Heal the sick and heal the body and the heart, save people and save the country and save the world. On February 26, 1920, the Chinese Anatomical Society and the Anthropological Society were formally established in the Anatomy Laboratory of Peking Union Medical College, becoming one of the earliest professional academic societies established in China.
In the early days of the Republic of China, warlords were at war, and the various activities of the Anatomy Society were difficult to carry out. On the eve of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, when the Chinese Science Society held a meeting in Chongqing in 1943, Wang Youqi, Lu Yudao, Wang Zhongqiao and others gathered again to discuss the anatomy of the society, but for many reasons, it could not be realized. Until June 25, 1947, the Chinese Science Society re-established the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Anatomical Society at Shanghai Medical College (now Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University), elected a new council, with Lu Yudao as the chairman, and held an academic exchange meeting. In 1951, the Chinese Anatomical Society moved from Shanghai to Beijing. The following year, the Chinese Anatomical Society held the first national member congress in Beijing, and Ma Wenzhao was elected as the chairman of the board. Since then, provinces and municipalities have also established provincial anatomical societies; later, due to various factors, the society resumed its work in 1978 and held a national member congress in Guilin, and since then, the national member congress has been held regularly every 4 years, and the election of a new term has been held, and by 2018, a total of 16 councils have been elected.
The hundred-year journey is magnificent, and the original intention of the hundred-year journey has lasted for a long time. Looking back on 100 years of hard work and dreams, the Chinese Anatomy Society has personally experienced the magnificent journey of the Communist Party of China from its birth to its development and growth, always breathed with the party and shared a common destiny, and generation after generation of anatomy scholars were boldly loyal, willing to be lonely, and innovated for the people, promoting the construction and development of the discipline.
Hard work lays the cornerstone of medicine
Human anatomy is an ancient and vigorous science. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese physicians had the anatomical practice of "cutting the skin and dissolving the muscles, breaking the pulse and knotting the tendons, stirring the stomach and intestines, and gargling the five Tibetans". However, bound by feudal etiquette, Chinese anatomy did not form an independent system. In the middle of the 19th century, Western medicine was introduced to China, and anatomy courses were gradually introduced. In 1894, Beiyang Medical Hall was established in Tianjin, and anatomy has since become an independent discipline.
On February 26, 1920, on the occasion of the third joint meeting of the Chinese Medical Association and the Chinese Bo Medical Association in Beijing, the Chinese Anatomical Society and the Anthropological Society were formally established in the Anatomy Department of Peking Union Medical College, and Kaudri was elected as the chairman of the board, becoming one of the earliest basic medical professional academic societies established in China.
In the face of the people's livelihood and the turbulent society, the ancestors of the anatomy did not have the slightest fear and retreat, and they had patriotic feelings and the ambition to serve the country. In the 1930s, a large number of anatomical predecessors, represented by Ma Wenzhao, the founder of histology and cytology in China, returned to China from studying abroad, studied and taught under extremely difficult conditions, and made historic contributions to the establishment and development of histology and embryology in China. In response to the slanderous remarks published by some Western scholars such as "Chinese brains are inferior to Caucasians", Chinese anatomists such as Wu Dingliang, Ouyang Yi, Qi Dengke, and Zhang Feng have carried out a lot of research, published papers with conclusive evidence, and refuted the fallacies of Western scholars.
During this period, research findings with international influence were also produced. At the beginning of the 20th century, Western scholars found ancient animal fossils and human teeth fossils in the Zhoukoudian area. On this basis, in 1929, Pei Wenzhong first discovered the complete 500,000-year-old Peking man skull at The Dragon Bone Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. In 1936, under the auspices of Jia Lanpo, three complete Peking man skulls and one complete human mandible were excavated. The discovery of the Zhoukoudian Beijing man site not only overturned the era of human history generally accepted by the academic circles at that time, but also clarified the process of human evolution, which played an important role in promoting the development of world science history.
Passing on the torch, inheriting the red gene
In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, under the care and attention of the party and the government to the cause of education, the vast number of anatomical scientists, like all scientific workers, enthusiastically devoted themselves to the cause of rebuilding and restoring the new socialist academic community, established and gradually improved the anatomy discipline, formed a complete teaching system, carried out scientific research work based on physical investigation, and cultivated a team of anatomists of the older generation who were self-reliant, selflessly dedicated, and willing to be a ladder. Since then, the Chinese anatomy cause and the anatomy society have ushered in a new life.
In order to promote academic exchanges, academic journals were established, and the Journal of Anatomy was founded in 1953, the Bulletin of the Chinese Anatomical Society was founded in 1954, and renamed the Journal of Anatomy in 1985. At the same time, a large number of new medical schools or comprehensive colleges and universities of medical specialties came into being, and human anatomy as an introductory and foundation course for medical course learning has been better developed.
In 1962, the Chinese Anatomical Society held its annual conference and the third congress
During this period, under the deep thinking of the vast number of anatomical scholars, fruitful scientific research results were harvested. In the 1950s, Xue Shepu used chicken embryo experiments to negate the living-matter theory of foreign scientific circles. In the 1960s, Li Zhaote used the experimental results of continuous slicing of acupuncture point tissue to expose the false paper of foreign scholars on what is called meridian organization. In 1964, Shanghai First Medical College was responsible for organizing and formulating the specific plan of the "National Human Physical Survey". In 1972, the excavation of the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha City unearthed a wet corpse more than 2,000 years ago, and with the efforts of anatomists and other parties, the wet corpse has been well preserved since its excavation, laying the foundation for China's leading position in the field of wet corpse cultural relics protection and preservation technology, and providing precious information for the study of anatomy, human evolution, archaeology and other disciplines.
On September 9, 1976, Chairman Mao Zedong died in Beijing, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to carry out permanent protection of the remains. Under the extremely severe situation at that time, Xu Jing, Zhang Bingchang and Chen Kequan, experts in anatomy of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, were ordered to participate in the preservation of Chairman Mao Zedong's body and solve the extremely complex technical problems of body preservation. Today, the body of Chairman Mao Zedong is still in good condition. The preservation of the remains of great men is the result of the joint collaboration between Chinese anatomy workers and other disciplines, and is a major contribution of scientific and technological workers.
Do not fail in the mission, do not live up to the trust. Whether it is a good situation or an adversity, the older generation of anatomy scholars always have the motherland in mind, are not afraid of difficulties, bravely climb the peak, dare to be the first, and bow down to the torch of anatomy.
Walk with the party and compose a spring chapter
After the reform and opening up, the Party Central Committee formulated a series of correct policies for the development of natural sciences and the strengthening of education, and the discipline of anatomy in China ushered in a new period of all-round development and achieved remarkable development and achievements.
Rich scientific research achievements. Wu Rukang pioneered the period of Chinese in-depth study of human fossils, put forward the theory of transition from ape to man, and created a new discipline "anthropology today", which was highly praised by the international academic community. Tong Di Zhou pioneered Chinese cloning technology and is known as the father of Chinese cloning. Wu Xinzhi and others put forward the "multi-regional evolution" hypothesis of the origin of modern humans, which has become one of the two major hypotheses in the world. In March 1988, Zhang Lizhu and Liu Bin cooperated to cultivate the first case of Chinese mainland "IVF" in Beijing.
The teaching results are remarkable. In 1978, the "Systematic Anatomy" edited by China Medical University has been compiled by generations of inheritance, and has become one of the most popular medical undergraduate textbooks in China, with the widest circulation, the widest use, and the most popular among teachers and students, laying a solid foundation for the career of medical students in China. In 1978, 28 medical colleges and research institutes in China became the first batch of master's degree awarding units in human anatomy and histology and embryology, and in 1981, the first batch of 8 medical colleges and research institutes officially recruited doctoral students in human anatomy and histology and embryology, which promoted the cultivation and construction of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology talents in China.
In 1982, the Chinese Anatomical Society held its fifth congress
Academic exchanges are active. The Society holds a national annual academic conference every year, and various branches and working committees hold various academic conferences, seminars, and special forums. In addition, the Society takes the initiative to host a number of high-level international academic conferences, actively participates in various international academic conferences, promotes academic exchanges between domestic and foreign scholars, and enhances the international influence of Anatomical Science in China. In 1997, the 14th International Symposium on Morphology was successfully held in Beijing, attended by scientists from 30 countries and regions. In 1999, the Second Asia-Pacific International Conference of Anatomical Scholars was held in Beijing to further promote academic exchanges.
In 2002, the 10th Congress of the Chinese Anatomical Society was held
Promote the prosperity of journals. In 1978, he founded the Journal of Anatomy Research, in 1983 he founded the Journal of Clinical Applied Anatomy, followed by the Journal of Neuroanatomy, the Chinese Journal of Histology and Cytochemistry, and the Advances in Anatomical Science. With the process of global informatization and networking, in 2007, the website of the Chinese Anatomical Society was opened and operated, and the informatization construction of the Society entered the fast lane of the highway, which was connected with the whole country and the world.
In 2011, the Chinese Anatomical Society held an annual conference
Keep pace with the times and forge ahead on a new journey
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has placed the maintenance of people's health in a more prominent position, convened a national health and health conference, established a health and health work policy for the new era, issued the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, and issued a call for building a healthy China. As an academic team covering human anatomy, neuroanatomy, anthropology, histology, cytology and other fields, the Chinese Anatomy Society is of great significance to safeguarding people's life safety and physical health and promoting the construction of a healthy China.
In 2019, the Chinese Anatomical Society held the 35th Annual Conference
On May 28, 2021, the 20th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the 10th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology were solemnly held in the Great Hall of the People. General Secretary Xi Jinping attended the conference and delivered an important speech stressing that we should adhere to the self-reliance and self-reliance of science and technology as the strategic support for national development, accelerate the construction of a scientific and technological power, and achieve a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance. Standing at a new historical starting point, the Chinese Anatomy Society will deeply study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech, face the world's scientific and technological frontiers, face the main economic battlefield, face the major needs of the country, face the people's life and health, grasp the general trend, face the difficulties, and shoulder the heavy responsibilities entrusted by the times.
A hundred years of journey, the original heart reflects the country. From 50 people at the beginning of its inception, the Chinese Anatomical Society now has 6394 members nationwide, more than 30 group members, set up 17 professional branches such as human anatomy and digital anatomy, histology and embryology, neuroanatomy, etc., and set up 10 working committees such as education and continuing education, academic and network information, and international exchanges. The Chinese Anatomy Society will unswervingly follow the path of development of socialist scientific and technological groups with Chinese characteristics, serve the vast number of scientific and technological workers, lay out the innovative development of the society in the new era, strive to make greater achievements in the new era, and hand over satisfactory answers to the party and the people.
Source: China Association for Science and Technology Network