Teaching Focus:
1. Shen Xiong's tragic and profound artistic conception
2. The poet's patriotic feelings
Teaching Process:
1. Background Introduction
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After the third year of the Tang Dynasty Emperor's calendar (768), Du Fu went out of the gorge and drifted to two lakes, this poem is a poet who climbed the Yueyang Tower and looked at his hometown, touching the scenery and feeling nostalgic. At the age of fifty-seven, only two years before the end of his life, he suffered from lung disease and rheumatism, withered left arm, deaf in his right ear, and relied on drinking medicine to maintain his life.
2. Poetry Appreciation
The head is intertwined with the virtual and the real, and the past and the present are compared, thus expanding the field of time and space. Writing about the fame of dongting early on, but not realizing the wish to witness the famous lake until the curtain year, on the surface it seems to have the joy of first climbing the Yueyang Tower, but in fact, it is intended to express the feelings that the ambitions of the early years have not been realized so far. The use of "past news" to "present" is to describe the brewing atmosphere of Dongting Lake.
The jaw joint is the vastness of the cave garden. Dongting Lake is full of Wu Chu, floating sun and moon, the waves are lifting the sky, the vastness is endless, I really don't know how many clouds of dreams are swallowed in this old chest! This is a good sentence for writing Dongting Lake, and was praised by Wang Shichen as "majestic across the present and ancient times". The writing scene is so magnificent that it is endless.
The neck link writes about the ups and downs of political life, wandering the end of the world, and the mood of not meeting talents. "Family and friends without a word" and without any spiritual and material assistance; "Old and sick have a lonely boat", since the first month of the third year of the calendar, from the first month of the third year of the calendar, from the chuzhou to carry their wives and children, take the boat out of the gorge, both "old" and "sick", drifting in the lake, taking the boat as their home, the future is vast, where to settle down, facing the vast ocean of Dongting Lake, and even more seriously the sense of loneliness and danger in life. The self-narration is so lonely, and infinite affection is implied in the mutation and contrast of the extremely stuffy and narrow poetic realm.
The tail link writes the sadness of looking at the turmoil of the country and having no way to serve the country. There is a blank space between the upper and lower sentences, which is reminiscent. The "past" of the beginning of "Former WenDongting Water" can certainly cover the poet's activities in the Chang'an area for more than ten years. And this, in terms of space, can be matched with "Guanshan North". "Pingxuan" echoes "Imagami" from beginning to end.
3. Summary
The whole passage is the poem "Dengyue Yang Lou", but it is not limited to writing "Yue Yang Lou" and "Dongting Water". The poet abandons the subtle depiction of the foreground objects, writes from the big place, tunas the heavens and the earth, and cares about the safety of the country, tragic and desolate, and makes people cry. Time caresses the present and the past, and space encompasses Wu Chu and Yue Guanshan. The sorrow of his world, the worries of the country, and the vastness of the world, and the water potential of the Dongting are seamlessly integrated, forming a majestic, tragic, broad and far-reaching artistic conception.
IV. Translation
I have heard of dongting Lake in the famous sea very early, and today I have the honor to climb the Yueyang Tower by the lake.
The vast elephant of the great lake separates Wu Chu from the southeast, and the heaven and earth elephant floats day and night on the surface of the lake.
Drifting relatives and friends do not send a word, and the old and infirm live in this leaf lonely boat.
The flames of the war north of Guanshan have not stopped, and they look at the home and country from the window and exchange tears
V. Link
(1) Write a good sentence about Dongting Lake
1 Liu Changqing: "Stacked waves float yuan qi, the middle stream has no sun"
2 monks Keming: "The water is wide in the sky and the shadow is wide, and the mountains are high in terrain"
3 Xu Culture: "There is no place for doubt, and there is a mountain in the middle of the stream"
4 Meng Haoran: "Steaming Cloud Mengze, Wave Shakes Yueyang City"
(2) Yueyang Lou's Famous Union:
1st floor Ho Chi? Du Shaoling sang five words, Fan Xiwen two words of love, Teng Zijing was full of wastes, and Lü Chunyang was drunk three times: Shiye? Ruyer? Servant? Xianye? I didn't see the ancients before, which made me drool!
Zhu Jun tried to see: Dongting Lake South Pole Xiaoxiang, Yangtze River North through Wuxia, Baling Mountain West to cool, Yuezhou City East Road Yanjiang: The Li, the Streamer, the Standoff, the Town, there is a true meaning in this, ask who understands it?
2 After the pleasure of worrying first, Fan XiWen Shu knew; In the past, Du Shaoling can be associated with poetry.
3 Cave Court 800 miles west; Huaihai South came to the first floor.
4 Rivers and mountains on all sides return to the bottom of the eye; Wanjia was worried and happy.
5 can't open the bottom of the eye, why dengsi lou put the wine; Swallow the cloud dream in your chest before you can chant poetry to the immortals
Appreciation of the poetry of "Dengyue Yang Lou"
Dengyue Yang Tower
Du fu
In the past, I smelled the water of dongting, and now I go to Yueyang Tower.
Wu Chu is southeast of The Qian Kun, Qiankun floats day and night.
Relatives and friends have no words, and old and sick have a lonely boat.
Rong Ma Guan Shan North, Ping Xuan Si Si Liu.
The mood of this poem is very broad and magnificent.
The poem's jaw link, "Wu Chu Southeast, Qiankun Floating Day and Night", means that the vast and boundless Dongting Lake divides the boundaries of the Wu Kingdom and the Chu State, and the sun, moon, and stars are like the whole earth floating in the lake. In only ten words, the huge image of the vast and boundless water potential of Dongting Lake was particularly vividly depicted.
In his old age, Du Fu was already "wandering between the southwest heavens and the earth", and there was no place to settle, so he had to "take the boat as his home". So the following continues: "Relatives and friends have no word, and the old and sick have a lonely boat." "Relatives and friends didn't even hear from them at this time, only the old and sick poets floated everywhere in a flat boat! From here, you can understand the first two sentences, "In the past, I smelled the water of Dongting, and now I go to Yueyang Lou", what kind of artistic conception originally contained.
On the surface, the mood of these two poems is very simple: the poet said that he had heard people talk about the famous attractions of Dongting Lake a few years ago, and today he was able to climb the Yueyang Tower and see the beauty of this mountain and lake with his own eyes. Therefore, the Qing dynasty Qiu Zhao'ao said: "'Past heard', 'now', Xi Chu Dengye." ("Detailed Notes on Du Shi") But only this understanding makes Du Shi's original artistic conception too shallow. This is not to write about the joy of advent; But in this plain narrative, it is a metaphor for wandering the end of the world, Huai Cai does not meet, Sangtian Canghai, magnificent Artemisia Lai... After many feelings, I wrote these two sentences: In the past, I only heard such a piece of cave water in my ears, who thought that I would really go up to this Yueyang Tower in the twilight years? It should have been a sense of depression, not a feeling of joy; If it is joy, it is not connected with the "stream of water with Xuan Xuan" at the end of the sentence. We know that Du Fu's political life at that time was bumpy and undesirable, but he never gave up his ambition to "go to Jun Yao Shun and then make the customs pure." Wherever you think of achieving nothing, the ambitions of the past have become a bubble in the present dynasty! The words "present" and "past" in the poem have deep meaning. Therefore, at the end of this poem, it is written: "Rong Ma Guan Shan North, relying on Xuan Si Liu", looking at the Wanli GuanShan, the world is still turbulent in the chaos of soldiers and horses, the poet leaned on the gan, looked north to Chang'an, and could not help but weep and tears.
This poem is praised for its openness and grandeur of its artistic conception, which comes from the poet's ambitions, from the poet's life thoughts, and also has the role of the background of the times. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Sheng had a discussion on this poem, to the effect that the first four sentences of this poem were written so broadly and vastly, and the five and six sentences described his own life, and they were written so desolate and lonely, and the artistic conception of the poem suddenly changed from broad to narrow; In this way, it is difficult to arrange seven or eight sentences. Who thought that the poet suddenly turned his pen and wrote out the five words of "Rong Ma Guan Shan Bei", such a mind, and the above "Wu Chu Southeast, Qiankun Day and Night Floating" jointly write the magnificent and magnificent weather of the natural world, can be well set off up and down, the pound and the two are commensurate. The genius created in this way, of course, overwhelmed posterity, and no one dared to write Yue Yanglou's poems anymore.
Huang Sheng's paragraph discusses Du Shi from the method of composing poetry, describing Du Shi's artistic conception as the product of the poetry pen and receiving one vertical and one harvest, and saying that the structure of the artistic conception comes from the transformation of the creative technique. This is not a claim to seek the source. We say that the artistic conception of poetry is condensed from all aspects of the poet's life thoughts, and as for the creative methods and artistic processing, refining words and sentences, etc., it can only express the artistic conception more accurately, and cannot be based on these formal conditions and thus brewed into the artistic conception of poetry. In the past, when people discussed the issue of creation, they did not consider it from the aspect of life practice, of course, they inevitably caused the consequences
Reflections on the teaching of "Dengyue Yang Lou"
When I went to "Dengyue Yang Lou", I compared this poem with the "Wangyue" that I had learned before, which was also Du Fu's work of ascending to the heights, and asked the students to compare the two poems from the four aspects of the momentum of the scene, the method of writing the scene, the background of creation, and the emotion of expression, and the teaching effect achieved was very good.
First, "Wangyue" is "Qilu", "Dengyue Yanglou" is "Wu Chu", both look down through the height of almost "satellite map", using association and exaggeration to depict the "big panorama", showing a grand momentum, which is the similarity between the two poems in the writing technique, through the comparison and confirmation, students can understand and master this way of writing.
Second, these two poems are very different in the background of creation. When Du Fu created "Wangyue", it can be said that he was just starting out, so he expressed Ling Yunzhi's ambition. At the time of the creation of "Dengyue Yang Lou", Du Fu was already an "old and sick" body, especially after witnessing the Tang Dynasty's transformation from prosperity to decline, he was even more sad. Therefore, the same as ascending, the same as writing a grand panorama, in different stages of life, express completely different feelings.
These two poems are also Du Fu's ascension poems, but they are one open and one close, and when you read them in contrast, you can get three of them.