In Jiangnan another stage to sing another play, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was born insufficient, which thought of the roof leaks in the rain, there are too many people with bold ideas, civil unrest, press the gourd up the scoop, resulting in the day after tomorrow is also stunted, the capital Jiankang was surrounded at every turn, and even broke three times, barely supported for more than a hundred years, self-severing meridians, whining and mourning.
Some people have highly concluded that the Western Jin Dynasty died in the domain king, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty died in power, and under closer inspection, this is indeed the case. Today, we will settle the old accounts for the Eastern Jin Dynasty and see how this weak dynasty survived and how it was blown away by the rain and wind under the unremitting blows of the powerful courtiers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="3" > the first time: the Wang Dun Rebellion</h1>
The Eastern Jin Dynasty could gain a foothold in Jiangnan, Wang Dao and his cousin Wang Dun yiwen yiwu, a strategist, a decisive victory, are irreplaceable founding ministers. For Sima Rui, the Emperor of Jinyuan, he was originally the king of Langya, who had no soldiers and no power, and he wandered to Jiankang to pick up a dragon chair by chance, and experienced the taste of being an emperor, and he was of course grateful to his Brother Wang who supported him. Besides, Wang Dun was also the horse master of Sima Yan, the emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the two families were in-laws who were constantly cutting off. With a good day to share, although the Golden Temple can not sit side by side, but the benefits can not be stingy, so the Langya Wang clan rose rapidly, flourishing, "the king and the horse, the world."
Over time, the Wang clan grew larger day by day, and nearly 70% of the courtiers were members of the Wang clan, especially the great general Wang Dun, who had a heavy army, and more and more despised the emperor. He began to select his own officials, and even the high-ranking officials such as the general Shi Shi had the final say, which made Emperor Sima Rui very unhappy, after all, Jiangshan was my Sima family's well, and the cousin of the Wang family continued to develop like this, and it was estimated that it would be time for my family to stop cooking. As a result, the chancellor Wang Dao was ostracized, and Emperor Yuan also promoted Liu Kui, Diao Xie, and others to balance the power of the Wang clan.
Wang Dao had the amount of equipment and did not say anything, but Wang Dun was greatly stimulated. Just when he was full of righteous indignation, Yuzhou Assassin Shi Zu died of illness, this hero has always made Wang Dun a little jealous, once he died, he had no worries. Wang Dun finally decided to engage him, and in 322, he raised an army to attack the capital in the name of "Qing Junfang".
The capital said that the fight came in, and all the people who wanted to kill were killed, and Wang Dun did not enter the palace to see the emperor, and also indulged the soldiers to loot everywhere, and the officials fled one after another. When Sima Rui, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, saw that there was no one to use, he had to take off his military uniform and send an emissary to ask Wang Dun for peace—if you want to be emperor, you can clearly say that you can do it, don't kill me.
Wang Dun was not so naked, wanting to pretend to be garlic and walk away from the procedure, but only controlled the court and did whatever he wanted. Later, he felt that it was safer to return to the Base Camp in Wuchang and to remotely control the government.
When the emperor was at the mercy of others, Sima Rui was simply killed alive. After the crown prince Sima Shao succeeded to the throne, he could not sit still and began to organize people and horses against Wang Dun. It was also really God's eyes open, after Wang Dun hinted that the imperial court should give him "Zen Concession", a serious illness came to find trouble, and also gave the Eastern Jin Dynasty a continuation of life, he actually fell ill and died.
Later, Wang Dun's men were beaten to pieces, and the lord generals Qian Feng and Shen Chong were taken down, and the heads of the three were hung on the pontoon outside the Suzaku Gate for public display.
Wang Dun's rebellion was finally put to rest.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="60" > the second time: The Su Jun Rebellion</h1>
In the struggle to quell the rebellion of Wang Dun, there was a leader of the displaced people, Su Jun, who performed well. In 324, Wang Dun attacked Jiankang, and he sent troops to resist. Later, at Xuanyang Gate, he also defeated Shen Chong and Qian Feng, and after the war, he was promoted to the title of Champion General and Liyang Neishi (李阳内史), and was given the title of Duke of Shaoling(邵陵公).
The following year, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was even worse, and Sima Shao, the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, who had just succeeded to the throne for less than two years, suddenly fell ill and died at the age of twenty-seven. Emperor Ming was keen and able to judge major matters, and had hoped to put the ruined imperial court in order, but he did not take a holiday, there was no way, and Sima Yan, the emperor of Jincheng, who was only five years old, took the throne.
The emperor did not understand things, so his mother came to the dynasty, and the power of the government fell into the hands of his uncle Yu Liang. Yu Liang wanted to exclude dissidents, Sima Zong, the king of Nanton, was killed, and his subordinate Bian Xian fled to Hide with Su Jun, who refused to listen to Yu Liang's greetings and refused to hand them over. Yu Liang believed that Su Jun was deliberately opposed and had no small ambitions, and decided to clean him up.
Su Jun knew that the situation was not good, and quickly found an allied army, who was also the commander of the military region, Zu Yue, the younger brother of the famous general Zu Ti, who was guarding Shouchun at that time. Zu Yue, who was a layman in the foreign war and very greedy for money, was deeply dissatisfied with the imperial court, and as soon as Su Jun hooked up, he immediately agreed to go against his mother together.
In 327, this battle-hardened field army attacked Jiankang with great force. In order to vent his anger, Su Jun plundered the army, and the capital was again robbed. The palace ladies were stripped naked and could only sit on the ground and cover their bodies with earth.
Like Wang Dun, Su Jun did not dare to tell the emperor what to do, but he still dared to be the emperor's master, and he gave a bunch of his subordinates the title of high official.
The following year, Shi Taokan of Jingzhou led an army to Attack Xunyang, and both sides had their own victories and defeats.
On this day, the two armies fought against each other, Su Jun drank wine, and suddenly like an evil, he rode out on a fast horse and rushed straight into the official army formation, as a result, several toothed doormen on this side recognized him, and several sharp throwing spears immediately flew out, Su Jun was immediately stabbed into a hedgehog, and then his head was also cut off by a knife. The big marshal was sent to death in the first place, and the scale of humor was too large, which made Tao Kan, the commander of the Jin Army, dare not believe it for a while.
The trees fell and scattered, Zu Yue fled into the wilderness, and the rebellion was finally put down.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="61" > the third time: The Huanwen Rebellion</h1>
In 371 AD, Former Qin wanted to sweep across all ethnic groups and come to a great unification, and the north was in full swing.
What a great opportunity for the Northern Expedition! Some people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty also thought that the protagonist of this singing drama was Huan Wen. After Pingshu, when he was a general in the Western Expedition, he wanted to take advantage of the northern expedition to the Central Plains and "build an immortal merit, add nine tin", which was an extremely dangerous signal for the Sima family, and once he had the idea of "adding nine tin", he was not far from usurping the throne.
Unfortunately, in the Battle of Fangtou, Huan Wen was beaten to death by Murong Chui of Former Yan, but when he returned to the capital, he played a flying trick, and he deposed the current emperor Sima Yi and established Sima Yu the Prince of Hui. Knowing that he was another short-lived emperor, huan Wenman thought that the imperial court would give up the throne to him in a timely manner, and as a result, Xie An and Wang Tanzhi, who were in charge of the imperial government, knew that he was ill, so they sacrificed a "drag" trick, until the summer of 373, and finally succeeded in dragging this confidant to death.
God gave the disease, huan wen's plot did not succeed. But the Huan family also had heavy troops and controlled the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which laid the groundwork for his son to later launch a rebellion.
In the years 397 and 398 that followed, the world was not at peace. Qing and Yan Erzhou stabbed Wang Gong twice to rebel, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty monarchs also spent a lot of effort to capture him to death. This paragraph is brushed over.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="62" >the fourth time: Sun Lu's rebellion</h1>
Because of the continuous civil unrest, the land was taken away, and after Huan Wen's death, there was only one corner of the Eastern Jin Dynasty left, and the so-called ten worlds were only two.
Relying on Xie An's bare support, the Eastern Jin Dynasty lived a peaceful life for more than twenty years. But as soon as he died, the imperial sima daozi and Sima Yuanxian's father and son came to power, and they could not play again.
At that time, the clan towns were independent of each other and did not buy much of the imperial court's accounts. Sima Yuanxian wanted to replenish his troops, and ordered all the counties of Sanwu and the officials and slaves below the gongqing who had been converted to Yinke to be transferred to Jiankang, called "Le Zhi", with the intention of training and establishing a reserve army. Who knew that this incident actually caused a commotion, and Sun En, a descendant of Sun Xiu, a former superintendent of zhongshu, saw that people's hearts were unstable and seized the opportunity to rebel.
In 399, Sun En led his men to attack Shangyu County and Huiji County, and the number of troops suddenly increased to tens of thousands. The rest of the counties also responded by attacking and killing Jin officials. In less than ten days, an army of hundreds of thousands of people appeared on the land of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, killing and plundering everywhere. Sun En was very proud and told his subordinates that he was going to beat the horse into Jiankang.
The incident occurred between the elbows and armpits, and the capital was once again in jeopardy. The Sanwu region was the lifeblood, and the imperial court urgently ordered Xuzhou to assassinate Shi Xie Yan and Yanzhou to assassinate Shi Liu Jiaozhi to lead the army to quell the rebellion.
The two sides fought a great battle at Huiji, and Xie Yan was defeated by the enemy and was killed by his subordinate Zhang Meng, and the government and the opposition were shocked.
In 401, Sun En led more than 100,000 people to attack Dantu, jiankang was in danger, but fortunately, the general of the Northern Province Army, Liu Yu, arrived in time to repel the rebels.
Sun En's collision with Liu Yuzheng is unfavorable for many years, born a nemesis, seeing once he was flattened, he had no choice but to flee back to the island to survive. In 402, seeing that the general trend had gone, Sun En committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea.
After Sun En's death, his brother-in-law Lu Xun took charge of the plate and continued to fight against the imperial court.
During the rebellion of Huan Wen's younger son Huan Xuan, Lu Xun led people to seize the opportunity to capture Guangzhou, divide seventeen counties, and claim the title of Lingnan.
In 410, Lu Xun took advantage of Liu Yu's northern expedition to Southern Yan to attack Jiankang, defeated He Wuji and Liu Yi in succession, swept through the five southeastern states, and attacked Shicheng with murderous spirits, and the capital once again faced disaster.
Liu Yu, who was victorious in the Northern Expedition, once again served as the savior of the imperial court, and he quickly returned to the division to counterattack, and the rebels were not opponents of the regular army after all, and Lu Xunbing committed suicide in defeat.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="63" > Fifth Time: Huanxuan Rebellion</h1>
Huan Wen originally had the heart to be called emperor, but he was ashamed to take a "Zen concession" form, and as a result, he was consumed, and his son Huan Xuan was not so polite.
In 396, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin was drunk in the inner temple and was killed by Zhang Guiren, and the crown prince Sima Dezong took the throne as Emperor An. This Emperor An, like his ancestor Emperor Hui, was illiterate of cold and heat, and to put it mildly, he was a dementia sufferer.
Taifu and Sima Daozi, the king of Langya, were autocratic, and he wanted to weaken Fang Zhen's strength and strengthen the centralization of power. When the news came out, there was a commotion inside and outside, especially Huan Xuan, who dominated Jingchu and was strong and strong. He seized the time to expand his territory, not only seizing Jing and Yong Prefectures, but also imposing economic control on Jiankang downstream, which made Sima Daozi and Sima Yuanxian's father and son absolutely intolerable, and in 402, the imperial court raised troops to attack Huan Xuan.
If they dared to go to war, the officers and soldiers relied on the fierce general Liu Jiaozhi of Zhenbei. Unexpectedly, Huan Xuan sent Liu's uncle He Mu as a lobbyist, and He Mu instigated three inches of uncorrupted tongue, saying that Liu Jiaozhi was actually on the verge of turning against him, and Huan Xuan waved his troops to drive directly to the new pavilion outside Jiankang City. The officers and troops collapsed without a fight, the capital could not be guarded, and the desperate Sima father and son were only left with relative crying.
The unfortunate city of Jiankang was breached for the third time.
Huan Xuan was invincible, those who opposed him, the head killers, the exiles, he enjoyed the treatment of Wang Mang in those years: the sword was on the temple, the entry into the dynasty was not trendy, and the praise was not named.
However, there was also disturbing news, Huan Xuan learned that liu yu, He Wuji, and other generals of the Northern Province were brewing up troops, and the situation was reversing.
At the end of 403, Huan Xuan directly usurped the throne, yu guyi ascended the throne as emperor, the national name was "Chu", he finally let his ass feel the taste of sitting on the dragon chair.
The following year, Liu Yu raised an army and destroyed all the way, huan xuan's men could not resist at all, and collapsed.
From being proclaimed emperor to fleeing from defeat and escape, it took a total of eighty days; from being called emperor to being killed, less than half a year before and after, the thirty-six-year-old Huan Xuan was killed, and his short-lived regime was ended by Liu Yu.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="64" > Sixth time: Liu Yu is self-reliant</h1>
In the conquest with Sun En, Huan Xuan, and Lu Xun, Liu Yu, who was from the grassroots, gradually grasped the military power. Huan Xuan was destroyed, and basically sang the elegy of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's door valve politics, and Liu Yu controlled the imperial power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In 410, Liu Yu led a large army to attack Southern Yan and retake Qingzhou. Subsequently, he attacked everything in his direction, successively recapturing Guangzhou, Jiangling, Chengdu, and Xiangyang, all the dividers were beaten to death, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was once again unified in the hands of Liu Yu. In 417, Liu Yu's army attacked Chang'an and buried Later Qin.
Liu Yu went through all the roads that Huan's father and son wanted to go, or did not take a good road, first accumulating military achievements, quelling civil strife, laying the foundation for the imperial industry, then Pingshu, northern expedition, killing the emperor, changing the emperor, and finally, he stood majestically above the court, not to mention the group of subjects, even the emperor did not dare to breathe.
By 420, Liu Yu believed that the puppet emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty had no value, and Sima Dewen, the emperor of Jin, was compressed by him into the Lingling King. Subsequently, a new country was born - the Song Dynasty, known in history as the Southern Dynasty Song, and Liu Yu officially ascended the throne as the famous Emperor Wu of Song.
When Liu Yu took control of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Tuoba clan also conquered Later Yan, Northern Yan and Northern Liang, and also broke the Xia Kingdom and Rouran, and in 439, the north was unified under the banner of Northern Wei.
At this point, the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty turned the page, and the Gong of the Southern and Northern Dynasties began.
(Original work, sharing is the greatest encouragement to the author, thank you!) ）
Reference Books: Book of Jin, Zizhi Tongjian, Book of Wei, General History of China, History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Wei and Jin, Yulin, Wei Jin