European pigeons (Latin name: Columba oenas) are resident birds. It is 31 cm long and slightly smaller than the average domestic pigeon. The plumage is dark grey with two inconspicuous black horizontal lines on the wings. The eyes are black. The iris is reddish brown or pale yellow, the base of the mouth is red, the end of the mouth fades yellow, and the feet are pink. Females have darker beaks and feet. Females are similar to males, but have darker plumage. It is a bird of the pigeon family, pigeon genus.
China is found only in Xinjiang and is very rare. It generally inhabits the ground. It lives in the forest and nests in tree dens.
Often move and roost in groups. During the non-breeding period, it is often active in the open wilderness and foraging for food. Flying fast, the wings are fast, and the vibration of the wings can often be heard. It feeds mainly on young plant shoots, shoots, young leaves, fruits and seeds. Also eat small invertebrates and grains. It feeds in the canopy and on the ground.
The breeding period for European pigeons is from April to July. They often breed in pairs. It usually nests on the edge of a primeval forest with dead oak trees. The nest is in the hidden place of tree holes and rock sheds. Sometimes nests are also nested in abandoned houses or stone crevices. The nest is very simple. The inner pad has a few dead leaves and twigs. 2 eggs are laid per clutch,