【Investigative Journalism and Focus on Student Double Burden Reduction 3】
Explore science and technology, enjoy art, devote yourself to sports...
After the "double reduction", how to "double increase the quality and efficiency" of in-school education
Guangming Daily reporter Zhou Shixiang
It was summer, and Shang Baoshan, head of the Curriculum Center of Beijing Huiwen Middle School, had already begun to plan one thing after the start of the next semester - after-school services.
In July 2021, the Ministry of Education said that schools in the compulsory education stage after the start of school in September should achieve full coverage of after-school services, at least 2 hours a day, 5 days a week, and the end time should be connected with the normal local off-hours, and strive to achieve full coverage of students in need. The "double reduction" opinions released recently have more clearly put forward measures such as ensuring after-school service time, improving after-school service quality, and expanding after-school service channels.
How to turn the "double reduction" opinion requirement into a solid campus action? Like the curriculum leaders of many schools, Shangbaoshan faces new problems. Sports, scientific and technological exploration, club activities, various kinds of lectures... Courses and activities are being carefully selected and placed on the agenda.
In the Yuhua West Road Primary School in Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, students participating in after-school care are conducting physical training. Xinhua News Agency
Voluntary participation, interest leading
Li Xuezhan, a teacher at Xuanfeng Town Center School in Luxi County, Jiangxi Province, who is nearly sixty years old, should fill his large suitcase again — he is thinking about how to use the waste materials around him and teach children to make small handicrafts.
"Another parent called me the other day and asked if I would open a 'maker class'. Now, the school has scheduled my classes into the summer hosting program. Li Xuezhan's tone was full of anticipation and excitement, "Let the seemingly useless waste products in peacetime become toys." The children are very interested in such a course. ”
Since the establishment of the science and technology production interest group in 2008, Li Xuezhan has been serving as a guidance teacher. Every time he saw the right handmade material, he would put it in a large suitcase. He explored and summarized the six-step maker teaching method of "seducing, learning, doing, playing, thinking, and creating". Over time, he has led teachers and students to create nearly a thousand scientific and technological innovation works, and more than 100 works have been awarded at or above the municipal level, and have won many good results in national creative competitions.
The "double reduction" opinion proposes to make full use of after-school service time, expand the learning space for students with spare energy, and carry out a variety of science, sports, art, labor, reading, interest groups and club activities. This provides a broader stage for teachers like Li Xuezhan. In addition to the science and technology production class, Li Xuezhan's school also has a wealth of activities such as writing and programming.
"Interest is the best teacher, and students sign up according to their interest." Li Xuezhan said, "As long as it is voluntary participation and interest in doing it, it is not a burden." Last semester, I led the students to do bridge theme handicrafts, and worked with them to design bridges, make bridges, beautify bridges, and display bridges, sometimes when the time came for class, the work was not completed, and the students were reluctant to go, and they had to wait for their parents to urge them to go back. ”
How can after-school services not become disguised make-up classes and become a new burden on students? "Voluntary" is the consensus of everyone.
"Whether or not to participate in after-school services is entirely up to the teachers, students and parents themselves. Each primary and secondary school formulates an implementation plan and creatively implements it; the majority of parents take the initiative to cooperate and actively participate; social institutions enter through bidding to provide high-quality services; students make their own choices, self-declarations, independent learning, and independent experience. Chen Qiuming, director of the Shenzhen Municipal Education Bureau, introduced the city's practice of carrying out after-school services.
Autonomy is reflected in the diversity of optional content. Changchun Jida Affiliated Middle School Liwang Experimental Primary School fully excavated the professional expertise of subject teachers, opened 156 kinds of courses, 208 various clubs, and recruited and selected courses for popular clubs such as poetry creation, mind maps, and theme movies.
Autonomy is also reflected in the flexibility of scheduling. In the after-school service pilot program of some primary and secondary schools in Miyun District of Beijing that began in March this year, the compulsory units arrange physical exercise to ensure the "1 hour in school" exercise time; the elective units arrange scientific practice, labor education, aesthetic education activities, homework counseling, etc., which are independently selected by students.
"With '5+2' after-school services, students have more relaxed time to choose the clubs they are interested in." Wang Yanmei, an art teacher and researcher at the Inner Mongolia Keyou Qianqi Teacher Development Center, said that the flag primary school used to arrange two classes of clubs or interest group classes on the afternoon of one day of the week, "After the after-school service began in September, a student could choose multiple clubs, such as paper cutting on Monday, and clay sculpture on Tuesday to expand the art experience." ”
Students of Huaqiao Township Central Primary School in Yifeng County, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, learn the essentials of lion dance under the leadership of teachers. Zhou Liang photo/Guangming picture
Make a good connection and create a special feature
"The focus of after-school service supply is to incorporate after-school services into the overall planning of school education and teaching, so that it can be an effective extension of on-campus education and teaching, and enhance the attractiveness of students." Liu Yuhui, deputy secretary of the Education Working Committee of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, director of the Municipal Education Commission and director of the Education Supervision Office of the Municipal People's Government, said.
How to coordinate the inside and outside of the classroom, so that after-school services can become an effective articulation and supplement to the classroom?
Li Xuezhan believes that after-school service teachers should consciously do migration and guidance, and promote subject learning in a subtle way by improving students' thinking ability. "Hands-on operation will make students' hands more and more dexterous, ideas more and more active, and the production process will involve a lot of mathematical and physical knowledge." Li Xuezhan often asks students to use different materials to make the same item, "which can train students' divergent thinking." ”
For example, Li Xuezhan said that in the primary school science class, students will have an understanding of inertia and friction. In the maker class, he taught the students to use bamboo tubes and discs to make pull-wire turntables, the principle of which is to pull the thin line, the disc rotates, and lasts for a period of time because of inertia, and will eventually stop due to friction. "I guide students to think about how to change several of these parts to develop more functional toys. Sixth-grade student Guo Mengchen used bottles instead of bamboo tubes, and rotated the body horizontally to drive the toothpick disc to rotate; Peng Xinyi replaced the disc with bamboo chopsticks, changed the direction of the pulling line, and created a different style of pulling dial. They are very happy with their production, and they feel the magic of science and the joy of hands-on. ”
"The activities of the interest groups have developed my imagination and creativity. What is very impressive is that once Teacher Li picked up a discarded lamp on the side of the road and actually dismantled it and transformed it into a small toy. I was lucky to meet such a teacher. Wen Shiyu, a senior at Luxi Middle School in Luxi County, Jiangxi Province, recalled.
In addition to intellectual education, after-school services have also opened up new spaces for aesthetic education and sports. Guo Shengjian, a professor at Hunan Normal University and vice chairman of the National College Aesthetic Education Teaching Steering Committee, believes that the school's art curriculum mainly provides basic literacy education, while after-school art education can meet students' personalized art learning needs, focusing more on interest learning and specialty cultivation.
In the interest clubs of the primary schools in the section right front flag part, paper cutting, clay sculpture, decorative painting, and Chinese painting courses are very popular. Wang Yanmei introduced that in the curriculum construction plan of many schools in the flag, after-school services will be used as an extension of the classroom, "In the club, students with the same interest get together, teachers can expand the width and extension, and students can have more hands-on operation space." ”
"Teachers teach students sports skills in physical education class, and after-school services ensure that students have time to 'practice diligently', only when they 'practice diligently' and improve their skills, it is possible to 'regularly compete', test the results through competitions, and let students get a sense of achievement in sports." Liu Bo, director of the Physical Education Department of Tsinghua University, analyzed, "In addition to teaching students to exercise physical skills and improve physical fitness, they can also give full play to the role of sports in educating people, and help students temper their strong will, cultivate sound personality and achieve all-round development in scientific training." ”
In addition, the reporter noted that in order to ensure the accuracy and pertinence of after-school services, many schools plan to take the route of high-quality products and small classes. Many primary schools in Beijing's Daxing District have no more than 20 students per class in the pilot after-school care for lower grades. For the after-school services that will be fully covered, Shang Baoshan also said that Huiwen Middle School will make full use of indoor and outdoor venues according to the course content, and the class size will not exceed the number of administrative classes. Homework counseling, study and discussion and other links are also implemented in small classes and high-quality products.
At Wushan Primary School in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, students participate in an after-school calligraphy interest class. Xinhua News Agency
Bring in resources and expand space
"With the 'double reduction' policy, I think there may be more students participating in the science and technology innovation class, but we can't be blindly optimistic." Now innovative makers tend to intelligent programming, and many teachers want to do it, but they can't get started. Many teachers have a relatively heavy teaching burden, and it is difficult to spare time to study. Li Xuezhan said.
When extracurricular services are launched, can the supporting educational resources keep up?
While tapping their own potential and introducing social resources, many schools are working hard.
"In order to design special courses and activities that meet the needs of students, and try to let students exercise more, experience more, and explore more, in terms of teachers, Huiwenzhong Society is based on on-campus resources, appropriately introduces high-quality off-campus resources, and fully mobilizes the home-school co-education mechanism and university resources, such as introducing industry elites, experts and scholars to carry out special lectures." Shang Baoshan said.
The orderly addition of social resources has given new possibilities to after-school services. In the view of Wen Jian, principal of Liwang Experimental Primary School in Changchun JidaFu Middle School, parent resources are vivid and vivid "textbooks" for carrying out after-school services, and forces from all walks of life are powerful "boosters". "We invite scientists, public security officers and parents from all walks of life to enter the campus and enter the classroom, and the school, family and society work together to educate people, providing a source of living water for the school's after-school service work."
"The aesthetic education documents issued by the two offices and the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education both propose to cultivate one or two artistic talents for students, and if only rely on the classroom, it is not easy to achieve such goals." Compared with subject training, the tuition fee for off-campus art training is often relatively high, because art training requires specific equipment and equipment, and has long formed a high price level. I think that relying on after-school services and trusteeship can give full play to the role of art teachers in schools, and can also allow compliant art off-campus training institutions to participate, on the one hand, to appropriately reduce high tuition fees, on the other hand, to introduce good art education concepts into off-campus art training and effectively promote their teaching reform. Guo Shengjian analyzed.
At the same time, Guo Shengjian particularly emphasized the selection and supervision mechanism for the participation of off-campus training institutions: "Taking art training as an example, one is to clarify the entry threshold of training institutions, including software and hardware such as teachers, venues, equipment and equipment, which should be examined and approved by the education administrative department; second, the competent departments should organize experts to develop basic teaching norms or requirements, and on this basis, conduct supervision, focusing on the teacher's moral standards, as well as professional and teaching levels." Third, the administrative departments for education and the price departments should jointly formulate charging standards and strictly implement them. ”
In the face of the limited equipment, venues and manpower of some schools to carry out sports after-school services, Liu Bo believes that the government should be the leader of resource integration. "The education system may have limited resources, but schools have the conditions to organize the corresponding activities; the sports system has many high-quality resources. If a corresponding mechanism can be established for resource integration, it may provide new ideas for school sports after-school services. ”
"After-school services should also further make good use of education informatization resources." The double minus' document proposes to be stronger and better free online learning services. I think that encouraging outstanding teachers in public schools to integrate resources with the support of regional teaching and research platforms, and opening up and sharing curriculum resources to social network platforms in the form of MOOCs and open classes, is an important measure to promote educational balance and meet students' after-school learning needs. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of the construction of information platforms by the competent departments of education in various localities, and at the same time pay attention to protecting the intellectual property rights of teachers and improving the treatment and enthusiasm of teachers. Li Yuhui, associate professor of the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University and an expert of the evaluation team for the revision of compulsory education language curriculum standards, said.
Guangming Daily ( 2021-08-20 07 edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily