The research and development of aquatic drug synergists has aroused the great attention of today's international drug community, and a large number of practices have shown that many drugs are not only conducive to drug renewal after scientific compounding of synergists, but also can expand the scope of use and delay drug resistance, while reducing the amount of medication, which can increase the effect by several times to dozens of times.
If the insecticide cypermethrin has been significantly reduced or even ineffective for many years, but after compounding a little mountain fir plant, the efficacy can be significantly increased by 31 times. That is, the dosage of 15-20 grams per mu of pond water depth of one meter can control the occurrence of fish bacterial hemorrhagic disease and Chinese flea, anchor head flea, fish weed disease, etc., which greatly improves the survival rate of aquaculture and reduces production costs, which is conducive to scientific control of diseases and the development of healthy aquaculture.
Therefore, the use of harmless synergists or enhancers is necessary. The new products in the category of commonly used drugs are introduced as follows:
1. Insecticides
(1) Imidazole series of drugs
This series mainly has zinc triazolone, manganese zinc triazolone and other derived inactivating agents. Practice has proved that in addition to exterminating mold and viruses, it also has strong killing of ciliate wheelworms, small melon worms, inclined tube worms, sticky nuclear worms, shield fibrals and flagellate gill cryptolecules, mouth filariae and sporozoites, iodine sporidium, etc., and the effect of removing cyanobacteria to improve water quality is also better. In the occurrence of serious insect pests, only this agent has a good insecticide effect, and only 25-30 grams are used to penetrate one meter deep per mu of water surface, less than 2 yuan.
(2) Copper sulfate
It is one of the most commonly used insecticides in aquaculture in China, which has been used for more than 50 years, but the dosage has increased and the efficacy has decreased, in fact, it has produced serious resistance. If the copper salt compound synergist is selected, the effect is better. The efficacy remains unchanged for 5-6 years and does not produce any sedimentation effect.
(3) Organophosphorus insecticides
Commonly used in this category are dichlorvos, zervos, malathion and so on. Severe resistance due to long-term use. In order to improve the efficacy of the drug, a small amount of high carboxyl silica is added to the enemy centaureth, that is, the instantaneous formation of oxychloroten phosphate compound, and its insecticidal toxicity is more than 10 times higher than that of the original enemy centaurea. It can sweep away the parasitic ringworms, protozoa, tapeworms, filaria worms and other worms and Chinese loach, anchorhead bream and zooplankton.
(Enemy Worm Crystal)
Yellow eel, snakehead, catfish and other carnivorous fierce fish, like to eat green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp and other farmed fish, but their tolerance to organophosphorus enemy insects and predators is 5-7 times weaker than farmed domestic fish. Therefore, after using the dimethoate 0.5-0.9mg/l once, these fierce fish are all killed in only 24 hours, which is an effective way to remove the wild pond in the family fish pond.
Second, disinfectants
(1) Chlorine disinfectant
Commonly used are calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder), magnesium hypochlorite, bleach powder, dichlorine, trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorotriceramide, chloramine T, chloramine and sodium chloride phosphate. These chlorine disinfectants add very few brominides such as potassium bromide, sodium bromide and other solids to mix together into drinking water or fishing water, which greatly improves the efficiency of sterilization and virus killing, and can also reduce the amount of medication and shorten the inactivation time.
(Potassium bromide)
Some people have applied reducing nitrite to add alkaline magnesium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite respectively, which can be quickly made into a monobasic stable chlorine dioxide powder and liquid preparation. It was determined that the effective content was 0.8-1%, and the amount used for the prevention and treatment of fish hemorrhagic disease was reduced by 60-80% compared with the single sodium hypochlorite. Its advantages are high efficiency, safety, small dosage, low cost and so on, which are widely welcomed by fishermen.
(2) Peroxide disinfectant
Peridium peroxide and hydrogen peroxide disinfectants are commonly used, and they have both aerobic and sterilizing dual functions.
(Carbonamide)
Peroxide urea, also known as percarbonamide, soluble in water, soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone and other organic solvents, its sustainable oxygen sterilization is greater than 20 hours, than the commonly used calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate, potassium perborate and ammonium persulfate and other only 2 hours of oxygen release to increase more than 10 times, this agent in artificial catalysis and actination conditions can produce a strong explosive oxidation synergy, you can quickly eliminate no2, NH3, H2S, aniline, including triphenylmethane (malachite green), Nitrofuran and carcinogen trichloromethane and other harmful substances.
Hydrogen peroxide, also known as hydrogen peroxide, in order to strengthen its sterilization and disinfection effect, often add an appropriate amount of ferrous salt as a catalyst, especially under direct sunlight conditions, the sharp chemical reaction can produce a strong oxidation free carboxyl effect, can decompose the difficult to decompose organic pollutants such as DDT, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls in water into non-toxic carbon and water, which is the new technology of advanced oxidation process in today's environmental protection engineering.
3. Clear ponds
Qingtang drugs include quicklime, fish vine ketone, tea meal and croton, but the problem is that it only manages the pond to remove the wild and ignores the safe survival of shrimp and crabs. This is not conducive to the large-scale intensive polyculture of fish and shrimp in many places in recent years. Therefore, through the study and screening of a kind of yellow rhododendron Chinese medicine added to the tea meal powder, it can play a role in protecting shrimp and crabs from the wild pond. The starting amount is small and the cost is low, and the amount of water per mu of pond water depth is 35-40 grams, less than 3 yuan.
Fourth, disease resistance and promotion of growth
After years of research, a pure natural plant NBOA active substance, its main components are flavonoids, polypeptides, polysaccharides, it has a strong disease resistance and growth promotion effect. It has been widely used in Chinese sturgeon, rainbow trout, turtle, snakehead, house fish, eel and shrimp and crab varieties, it not only promotes growth, the growth rate is 9-31%, more importantly, it can resist fish bleeding disease and enteritis, as well as liver and kidney disease, and can eliminate fish odor. The amount of mixture used is 1.5-0.5‰