The Boling Cui clan, a famous clan in the north from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang dynasties in China. Anyone who has heard and seen "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" knows Boling. Because, Boling has a Cui Zhouping. In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a very wonderful time Liu Xuande Three Gu Maolu, there is a plot of Liu Bei encountering Boling Cui Zhouping, when Sima Hui recommended the sages of that time to Liu Huang's uncle, he only mentioned Zhuge Liang's four close friends, that is, Boling Cui Zhouping, Yingchuan Shi Guangyuan, Runan meng Gongwei and Xu Shu Xu Yuanzhi. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, although the door was lower than the four surnames represented by the Qinghe Cui clan, the Boling Cui clan rose in an all-round way during the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties and became a first-class scholar clan. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Boling Cui clan was revered as one of the five surnames and seven wangs. In the Tang Dynasty, the Boling Cui clan gave birth to a total of 15 prime ministers.
Boling
Boling was changed to the name of the county after the name of the mausoleum, which began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Book of Later Han and the Chronicle of Emperor Huan reads: "(In the second year of peace) in May, Xin Di was buried with Empress Xiaochong. "In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Boling County was established, and the seat of governance was in Liwu, which is today's Li County, Hebei. In the first year (158) of the Han Huan Emperor Yanxi, Boling Commandery (博陵郡) moved to Ping'an County, which is today's Anping County, Hebei. During the Jian'an period of the Han Dynasty, Boling County was deposed and returned to Anping County. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Tai of the Western Jin Dynasty, he set up the State of Boling, and the seat of government was still in Anping. The Song dynasty Ouyang Chen, in the "Guangji of Youdi", said, "The Jin Dynasty changed Boling to Bolu. "Northern Wei Fu changed to Boling County, which belonged to Dingzhou. At that time, Dingzhou was in charge of the five counties of Zhongshan, Changshan, Julu, Boling and Beiping. Boling County administers the four counties of Raoyang, Anping, Shenze and Anguo, and the seat of government is In Anping. Until the Northern Zhou Dynasty, there were few changes. During the Sui Dynasty, Northern Qi established Boling Commandery in Anping. Tang Duyou's Tongdian Prefecture County, Boling County, said: "Emperor Jue initially established Boling County, which was later changed to Gaoyang County. Datang is Dingzhou, or Boling County. "Since the Tang Dynasty, Boling has been called exclusive dingzhou.
It can be seen that Boling County has been abolished several times in history, the name has been changed several times, the jurisdiction has been expanded several times, and the administrative office has been relocated several times. However, in general, the area under its jurisdiction is between the historical Hejian Kingdom and the Zhongshan Kingdom. That is, the area around Anping, Raoyang, Shenzhou, Shenze, Gaoyang, Lixian, Boye, Anguo and Dingzhou in today's Hebei. The seat of boling was in today's Li County or Boye during the Eastern Han Dynasty, in today's Anping during the Jin Dynasty, in today's Shenzhou during the Sui Dynasty, and in today's Dingzhou after the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The main area of activity of the Boling Cui clan is concentrated in the Anping area, so the history books mostly call the descendants of the Boling Cui clan "Boling Anping people", and there are still a huge group of tombs of the Cui family in Anping.
history
During the Qin and Han dynasties, Cui Yiru, a descendant of Jizi, served as the grand master of the State of Qin (present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi) and was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Lai. In the Han Dynasty, Cui Ye attacked the lord and lived in Qinghe. Cui Ye's younger brother Cui Zhongmu lived in Boling Anping, and later divided into boling an pingfang, Boling big house, boling second room, boling third room and other tribes. This is the beginning of the Boling Cui clan.
After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Boling Cui clan and the Qinghe Cui clan were both Shandong Wang clans, and during the Northern Dynasty, the Shi clan was paid attention to the mendi, and the Cui clan was listed as a first-class surname "Cui Lu Li Zheng Wang".
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Boling Cui clan was a first-class high-gate clan. By the early years of the Tang Dynasty, among the five surnames and seven families in the first list of county surnames in the country, the Cui surname accounted for two, namely the Boling Cui clan and the Qinghe Cui clan.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, according to the surname of the Shi clan, it was said that "Cui, Lu, Li, Zheng, and Wang" were all first-class Shi clans. When officials in the early Tang Dynasty revised the "Clan Chronicle", according to the custom, they listed Cui as the first surname, and when Tang Taizong learned of it, he was furious and said: Cui has neither an official nor a talent, so why is it listed as the first? Am I the Son of Heaven of li, and I am still inferior to the Cui family? Later, the Tang government ordered that the imperial family Name Li be changed to the first, the Imperial Family's Sun Clan ranked second, and the Cui surname and other Shandong Shi clans ranked third.
From the Han to the Song Dynasty, the Boling Cui clan was constantly prominent among high-ranking officials. The most famous of these was Cui Xuanwei of the Tang Dynasty, who participated in the "Shenlong Coup", forcing the Zhou Emperor Wu Zetian to abdicate, restoring Emperor Zhongzong Li Xian to the throne, and restoring the Tang dynasty. Cui Xuanwei was later created the Prince of Boling County, and together with Zhang Kamzhi, Huan Yanfan, Yuan Shuji, and Jinghui, he was known as the "Five Kings" by the people of the time.
The Song Dynasty's "Guangyun" says that Cui Shi "went out of the Qing River and looked at Boling erwang".
celebrity
The Cui family has made positive contributions to the development and progress of Chinese culture, and it can be said that talents have emerged and history is endless. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were the literary scholar Cui Xiao, the calligrapher Cui Xiao, and the political commentator Cui Yu, all of whom were Boling Anping people. Most of the Cui celebrities during the Southern and Northern Dynasties came from the Eastern WuCheng of Qinghe, such as the Northern Wei official Shangshu, the White Horse Gong Cui Hong, situ Cui Hao, the scribe Cui Lingen, the historian Cui Hong, and the calligrapher Cui Yue. In the Tang Dynasty, there were poets Cui Guofu, Cui Hao, Cui Huo, politicians Cui Renshi, Cui Xuanwei, Cui Lin, etc., and their status was prominent for a while. Later, the Northern Song Dynasty had the painter Cui Bai, who was good at painting flowers and bamboo, birds and birds, and the scribe Cui Zifang. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was the calligrapher and painter Cui Yanhui, the Famous Minister Cui Chengxiu and the painter Cui Zizhong in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, there were scholars Cui Shu and scribe Cui Ji. In modern times, there is the scribe Cui Shi.