Purebred breeding is the only correct way to preserve the gene pool of bee species, and all bee geographic subspecies (varieties), ecological types and production types (strains) must be bred through pure breeding to achieve the purpose of preserving and improving bee species. Purebred breeding is the selection of excellent populations of the same variety (strain) in an effectively isolated area, breeding queen bees and males for mating, breeding offspring, and lasting generational breeding. Selection, selection, inbreeding, hybridization and breeding are the basic methods of purebred breeding.
Purebred breeding is the cornerstone of bee breeding. Many countries with bee germplasm resources regard the preservation and improvement of their own bee species as the basic strategy for protecting bees and the main direction of breeding. It is true that beekeepers and breeders should be good at obtaining valuable breeding materials from the bee gene pool and carrying out in-depth and innovative breeding work. For example, the Russian Oryol Bee Science Institute introduced variety resources from many bee farms in 15 to 20 oblasts, and bred 44 Middle Russian bee breeding lines through quality, productivity identification and targeted breeding, and feedback on the promotion and application in beekeeping areas. In the past 20 years, scientific and technological personnel in the United States, Germany and other countries have strengthened the identification and breeding of bees' hygienic behavior of removing diseases and insect corpses, and bred high-yielding, larval-resistant Italian bees and mite-resistant Kaniola bees. After more than 20 years of hard work, Zhejiang Agricultural University and the majority of beekeeping scientific and technological personnel have selected and bred new strains of royal pulp with special high yield of Italian bees, which has promoted the development of China's beekeeping industry and the specialized large-scale production of royal pulp. In the first half of the 20th century, The British Adam selected the British black bee, the Italian bee, and the Anatolian bee, and used breeding hybridization to breed a new variety of high-yielding anti-tracheal mite bees, Buckfast. In the second half of the 20th century, the Institute of Bee Science of the former Soviet Union selected alpine gray Caucasian bees and Chinese-Russian bees, and bred a new variety of high-yield anti-sporangiasis bees, Pryokowski (лриокский), a new variety of high-yielding sporangia-resistant bees. It is a new variety of bees with high yield and cold resistance and strong disease resistance that enjoys a world reputation.
At present, the world beekeeping industry is facing severe challenges, and the Western bees raised in many countries have a survival crisis in which the bee colonies collapse and the bees disappear. The occurrence of bee colony collapse syndrome has external and internal causes, ecological environment deterioration and genetic problems of bee species, and strong comprehensive measures should be taken to effectively solve it. It is necessary to pay attention to the nutritional health care of bees, the scientific feeding and management of bee colonies, the prevention and control of pesticide poisoning of diseases and insect pests, and the selection and breeding of bee species that are resistant to mites, diseases, and stress. Production of bee species, to strictly prevent the serious harm to the bee colony caused by inbreeding, in the breeding of bee germplasm resources, to adopt more perfect breeding methods, such as closed population breeding and breeding line comprehensive breeding. These two breeding methods can make purebred bee colonies that have been bred for many generations have stronger vitality, higher productivity and breeding value, which is particularly important for the preservation and breeding of bee germplasm resources in China. It should be known that China is not the birthplace of Western bees, the original introduction of some excellent varieties of population is limited, the genetic background is single, the blood relationship is not very clear, bee species in many generations of breeding, prone to inbreeding hazards, resulting in the decline of varieties, once the ecological environment deteriorates or the epidemic of pests and diseases spread, China's bee germplasm resources are likely to suffer major losses.
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