1, the Yuanmingyuan was burned by the British and French allies, not by the Eight-Nation Alliance. The burning of the Yuanmingyuan occurred during the Second Opium War in 1860. The Eight-Power Coalition invaded Beijing in 1900. 40 years apart. Although they are all called "allied forces", the Anglo-French coalition is not two-eighths of the eight-nation alliance. This is taught in middle school textbooks, Chinese can't tell who burned the Yuanmingyuan, shouldn't.
2, the Summer Palace was also burned by the British and French forces in 1860, but the name was Qingyi Garden at that time. Later, Cixi rebuilt the Qingyi Garden and renamed it the Summer Palace. The Yuanmingyuan and Qingyi Garden are very close, both have treasures, and the British and French allies have all laid down. Not only these two gardens, but also the fragrant mountain was also set on fire. In the autumn of 1860, Beijing's Haidian was shrouded in smoke. I found that many Beijingers did not know that the Summer Palace had also been burned, perhaps because the fame of the burning of the Yuanmingyuan was too great.
3, Although many people do not know that the Summer Palace was burned, they all know that Cixi embezzled the naval funds of the Beiyang Marine Division and rebuilt the Summer Palace. Yes, this is a deep impression of the history of the Battle of Jia-Wu. But if you think about it, Cixi's rebuilding of the Summer Palace must have been because the garden was destroyed, and by whom? Anglo-French coalition. This account cannot be erased because they burned the larger Yuanmingyuan.
4, Cixi actually wanted to rebuild the Yuanmingyuan, but this garden was too big, and although the Qing government had been thriving for several years, it did not have the financial resources to do this. The fact that the Yuanmingyuan is bigger than the Summer Palace can also be experienced now. The Yuanmingyuan that people see now was initially concentrated in only a small part, and the ruins of the broken wall of the Great Water Law were concentrated. A few years ago, the Yuanmingyuan opened the North Garden, which is the piece of Youfuhai. The Summer Palace can be visited for half a day, and the Yuanmingyuan can't be stopped for a day. Oh, especially recommended if you go to the Yuanmingyuan, don't leave a picture on the Big Water Law, walk north and walk around, walk to the Yuanmingyuan that has just opened for a few years, it is really big and empty, because many palatial palaces are completely gone. This is the best place to reminisce.
After the fire, there are still huge buildings in the Yuanmingyuan, but after experiencing the stone robbery, these are gone.
5, after the Yuanmingyuan was burned, in fact, there are still many large buildings left, because many of the buildings of the Yuanmingyuan are made of stone, and the fire cannot be burned. This should also be the reason why Cixi thinks that the Yuanmingyuan can be rebuilt. But since then, the Yuanmingyuan has been plundered by foreigners and natives, and these large stone components have been pulled away, and even the trees that have not been burned in the garden have been cut down on a large scale, and the Yuanmingyuan as a garden has been completely bald. Now, when you go to the North Garden of the Old Summer Palace, you can see a fast open space everywhere, looming with a foundation, and a sign next to the tree, which was once a certain palace. Therefore, the experts of the Yuanmingyuan said that the Yuanmingyuan had undergone three disasters, fire robbery, stone robbery, and wooden robbery, and the latter two robberies were mostly done by the Chinese people, which also made the reconstruction of the Yuanmingyuan really become a super problem. And Qingyi Garden can be rebuilt into the Summer Palace, at least the last two disasters are not so serious.
Taken around 1939, several ordinary people were digging up old photos of the yuanmingyuan building site.
6, did the Eight-Power Alliance ever harm the Yuanmingyuan? In 1900, they came again, and they also harmed the Summer Palace once. However, for the Yuanmingyuan, the devastating blow was the plundering of the Anglo-French coalition forces in 1860. So much so that the French literary hero Hugo could not look past it, and posted criticism of the two robbers, Britain and France.
7, as for why the British and French allies looted and burned the Yuanmingyuan? To understand this question, we can think about another question - why didn't the two robbers, Britain and France, loot and burn the Forbidden City, which has more treasures, and go to the suburbs to build the Summer Palace (Qingyi Garden)? According to the British and French claims, they were to take revenge on the Qing Emperor, who had previously executed British envoys, which was one of the reasons for the outbreak of the Second Opium War. The Yuanmingyuan was the private garden of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the common people could not enter it. In order to make the emperor completely regret his heartache, he took his private garden and garden, which was a targeted blow. The Forbidden City was built in the Ming Dynasty, and Beijing was out of control at that time, but it is estimated that the Forbidden City was burned, and even the two robbers, Britain and France, felt that it was too much to do.
8, the Yuanmingyuan and the Summer Palace actually have two values, one is the historical place of national humiliation, let us not forget the humiliating history; the other is the symbol of the rise of people's rights, they are the historical place of the change of the royal garden to the People's Park, and now people can enter the Yuanmingyuan and the Summer Palace to visit, which means that the people have become the masters of the country.
In 1922, the shadow wall of the Anyou Palace and the ruins of Huabiao in the Yuanmingyuan can no longer be seen. But the people can freely enter the Yuanmingyuan, which is no longer a royal forbidden place.
9, the above many knowledge points, from the documentary "Summer Palace" filmed by CCTV, is very good-looking.
10, I object to the view that it does not matter whether the Yuanmingyuan was burned by foreign invaders, whether it was the Anglo-French Coalition or the Eight-Power Alliance. If this view is true, then we only need to know that the Nanjing Massacre was committed by foreign invaders, and we do not need to understand that it was done by the Japanese. There are unjust debts and masters, and the clearer the history, the better. Can't figure this out, don't say sorry history, and I'm sorry junior high school history teacher.