Author: Wang Peng
1- Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei
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Weicheng is light and dusty towards the rain, and the guest house is green and willow-colored.
Persuade the jun to drink a glass of wine, and go out of the west to yang guan without a reason.
—— Wang Wei, "Sending Yuan Er envoy Anxi"
Xianyang is very close to Xi'an, and in ancient times, it was only a mileage of one station, less than fifty miles, out of Chang'an City, to SanqiaoYi, almost to Xianyang. Ancient mountains and rivers were blocked, cars and horses were not easy, once they broke up and parted, it was difficult to meet again for many years. Therefore, the ancients attached great importance to parting, accounting for a large proportion of the poetry and arias, and they were all sincere, Liu Yong's "holding hands and looking at each other's tearful eyes, even speechless and choking", Li Bai's "Peach Blossom Pond is thousands of feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun sent me" Meng Haoran's "Lonely sail far shadow is blue and empty, only to see the Yangtze River skyline stream" are all called ancient songs, but I think that the best written and most widely circulated should be the first to recommend Wang Wei's "Send yuan two to make Anxi". First of all, the picturesque scenery is outlined with washed pen and ink, and in the early spring, the poet sends friends to Xianyang Gudu, the drizzle flutters, the guest house is washed, and the young buds just emitted by the ancient willows on the Wei River are particularly tender and green in the drizzle. At this time, Wei Shui whimpered, and the difference was imminent. The poet folded the willow here and sent off his friends, this is not a general trip, but a west out of Yangguan, 12,000 miles, the desert Gobi, no relatives, so be sure to drink more wine! The whole poem is fresh in style, deep in connotation, deep in friendship, all in a glass of wine. For thousands of years, it has not only stirred up this cup of affectionate wine, but also connected a vast western territory.
2--Weihe Ancient Crossing
Xianyang is slightly inferior to Xi'an in terms of historical and cultural accumulation. More than 2,000 years ago, from the beginning of the Qin Xiaogong, Huiwen, Mourning Wu, Zhaoxiang, Zhuang Xiang to Qin Shi Huang and Hu Hai, a total of seven generations of Qin kings have taken this as their capital. When Qin Shi Huang annexed the Six Kingdoms, every time he destroyed a country, he imitated the palace of this country on the Xianyang Plain. Form a huge architectural community. And the special treasures of each country are decorated and displayed, and the beauties of this country are also selected as palace women, and the Chinese language is spoken in unison, and the Yan tune wu dialect is prepared. These palaces also built castles in the air to communicate with each other, in case Qin Shi Huang could overlook his booty from the air at any time. According to the history books: "Zhou Chi is the Pavilion Road, from His Highness to Lishan Mountain", these aerial pavilion roads connecting the Palace of the Six Kingdoms, from Xianyang to Lintong, stretching for hundreds of miles.
Not only that, Qin Shi Huang also forcibly relocated 120,000 rich households from all over the world to the Xianyang Plain, making it the most prosperous city in the country and even the world two thousand years ago, and this prosperity continued until the Tang Dynasty. The Xianyang Plains are also known as the Five Tombs because of the dense tombs of the emperors of previous dynasties. Concentrated in the residence of the rich and wealthy. Li Bai has a poem: "Wuling young Jin Shidong, silver saddle white horse degree spring wind." Where do you swim in the fallen flowers? Laugh into the orchid liquor store. ”
Indeed, so far when I came to Xianyang, the one who left the deepest impression was the Han Tombs and Tang Tombs. On the deep loess mound stretching for more than 200 miles north of the Weishui River in Xianyang. Almost all the top figures among China's emperors have gathered in this thick loess.
3- Male lion in front of the tomb of the Tang Emperor of Xianyang
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The Western Zhou Dynasty was the most accomplished, and several emperors who founded the "Rule of Chengkang" that Confucius admired all his life: King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, King Cheng of Zhou, King Kang of Zhou, and said that "Wenwu Chengkang" was buried in Zhou Lingyuan in Xianyang City. I have visited, the tombs are not large, after years of wind and rain, it seems desolate and low. But perhaps it was originally so, in ancient times, advocating simplicity, Yao Shun's death was not a tree. The Zhou Dynasty had just transitioned from the fishing and hunting era to an agrarian society, and people advocated freedom and joy, which can be read from the most humane and emotional "Book of Poetry" produced during the Zhou Dynasty. It also laid the foundation for the free academic atmosphere of a hundred schools of thought in the following Spring and Autumn Period. It is no wonder that Confucius missed the Zhou Dynasty all his life and shouted for "self-denial and retribution." ”
Almost all of the eleven emperors of the Western Han Dynasty were buried in Xianyang. The emperors of the Han Dynasty paid attention to the flat land and raised the tomb, mobilized tens of millions of servants, and repaired the tomb over the years. For example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to repair the mausoleum in the second year of his reign, and after fifty-four years of his reign, the mausoleum was built for half a century, and when he was buried, the pine trees planted on the mausoleum were thick. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, people's concepts changed from not being sealed after death in ancient times to seeing death as life. Each imperial tomb was built like a royal palace. Coupled with large and small funerary tombs, it constitutes a tomb world.
Two thousand years have passed, and the most imposing and attractive surviving Han Tomb is still the first to bury the mausoleum of Emperor Mao of the Han Dynasty, who was famous for his martial arts in Wenzhi before his death. During the half century of Emperor Wu's reign, he smelted iron and boiled salt, built water conservancy, fought against the Xiongnu, made good friends with the Western Regions, and governed the entire country into the number one powerful and powerful country with full strength, vast territory, radiating in all directions, and the first powerful and prosperous country in all countries. Not only is China known for its high civilization and prosperity. The Chinese people also ended the qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, and Qin miscellaneous names, and used the "Han" title that continues to this day.
4- Huo went to the grave of the sick man in front of the Horse Ta Xiongnu stone carving
In the tomb of Emperor Wu of Han, there are also two prominent figures, that is, the famous generals Who fought against the Xiongnu, Wei Qing and Huo Qi. Both of them had made many expeditions to the north of the desert and destroyed the Xiongnu. What is unbelievable is that Huo Was only eighteen years old when he first went out on the expedition, heroic and fearless, and his flesh and blood were strong, which was highly consistent with the spirit of the times of the Han Dynasty. He marched six times, all of which won a complete victory, completely relieving the Xiongnu who had been harassing the Central Plains since the Qin and Han Dynasties, so that tens of millions of people could live and work in peace and contentment. Huo also refused the mansion that Emperor Wu had rewarded. "The Xiongnu have not perished, why should they be at home?" How many benevolent people have been inspired for thousands of years. Unfortunately, this talented general, who had made great contributions to the country and the people, died of illness at the age of twenty-four. At that time, it was destined that the heavens would weep, the green mountains would be sad, and the whole country would mourn for him. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty specially ordered him to be buried next to his tomb as a reward, and also carved a group of large stone sculptures in front of the tomb to show the great achievements of Huo Fuyi, including tigers, bears, cattle, horses, and the most famous "horse treading Xiongnu". This group of stone carvings is rugged in style and exquisite in craftsmanship, and is recognized as a national treasure.
In the territory of Xianyang, there are also the famous Tombs of Emperor Taizong of Tang and the Qianling Tombs of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian. These are two famous imperial tombs at home and abroad, of course, they are also closely related to the legendary life of the tomb owner. Tang Taizong was an outstanding representative of the emperors, who spent his life in martial arts, gathering in the wind and clouds, seizing the world on horseback, and creating the "rule of Zhenguan". In front of the mausoleum, there are not only "Six Jun" national treasures, but there are as many as one hundred and sixty-seven tombs alone, including Wei Zheng, Li Jing, Cheng Yaojin and other important generals.
Qianling is even more famous for its grand scale, strict layout, and complete system that fully embodies the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty. Every year, it attracts a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists. The tomb of Prince Huaihuai and the tomb of Princess Yongtai have been excavated and opened, and many precious cultural relics and murals have been unearthed.
Most of the many imperial tombs on the Xianyang Plains have been eroded by thousands of years of wind and rain, the ground buildings have disappeared, and only a pile of loess remains, which is widely known by the local people as the "tomb knots" on the Xianyang Plain, just like Li Bai's poem: "The west wind is remnant, the Han Tomb Is lingering." ”
5- Xianyang Emperor Mao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han
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There is no water, no road, the Silk Road is basically the same, along the river valley not only avoid the danger of mountains and rivers, the horse gang camel caravan is also inseparable from the water source. The Silk Road to Xianyang, the road is divided into two lines, one along the Jingshui through Changwu, Pingliang, Yueliupanshan to Lanzhou, this is the northern line of the Silk Road, that is, today's 312 National Highway, known as "today's Silk Road", "Eurasian Land Bridge" China's east-west artery, the Lianyungang border to the western border of the Khorgos port of the Lianhuo Expressway is also basically along this line. The other is along the Weishui River, through Baoji and Tianshui to Lanzhou, which is the southern line of the Silk Road. Since the opening of the Western Han Silk Road, the two roads have been parallel, and the merchants have been running endlessly. In addition to a large number of ancient ruins and tombs, it is worth describing the origin of the People's Republic of China in Jingyang.
Jingyang has the Jing River flowing from north to south, and the Wei River runs from west to east from the Qin River for eight hundred miles, and the two rivers intersect, and there is an idiom that arises: Jingwei is clear.
With this, it should also be called a treasure land of feng shui, not to mention that the earliest Chinese "Book of Poetry" directly described Jingyang in "Xiaoya June": "The fox bandits, the whole house is scorched, the pickaxe and fang are invaded, as for Jingyang." After that, Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang were all three auxiliary famous districts, Gyeonggi heavy land, and the scenery was brilliant, and there was no need to elaborate.
Jingyang has many outstanding points, a vast plain, in the middle of it, looking around, the four fields go straight to the horizon. Even if you go up to the north, it is only a plain that is several inches higher than the Hirakawa River, and there are no mountains. In addition, from the map, Jingyang is roughly at the center of China's territory. It is no wonder that the only land origin of the People's Republic of China was selected for Yongle Town in Jingyang County.
The origin of the earth is the geographical coordinate of a country - the starting point of longitude and latitude and the reference point. It not only plays an important role in various constructions and science and technology, but also symbolizes the dignity of the country. It is said that the starting point and datum point of longitude and latitude that we used before are references to the earth origin of the former Soviet Union. Today, we can safely use our earth origin.
Driving to Yongle Town, the old distance saw the silver-gray tower towering in a dark green crop field, and when he got closer, he saw that the origin of the earth was a 23-meter-high tower as the center, and the national architectural style was the keynote of the architectural community, the scale was not large, but when he stepped on the courtyard, there was a sense of solemnity. Climb the tower to look out, the four fields are harvested, and the circular roof can be automatically opened and closed for astronomical measurement. The origin pillar stone is in the basement, hewn from a single piece of granite and weighs seven hundred tons. The origin logo is made of red agate stone, a small round ball with a diameter of ten centimeters, exquisite and lovely, exquisite and strong, but also too small to make people suspicious: "Is the origin of this mountain and river, the center of the great divine state, really on this small point?" "From this association, the vast universe and the vicissitudes of the sea, through the heavens and the earth and obscurity, but it is really endlessly interesting."
Bidding farewell to Xianyang, I truly entered the hinterland of the Guanzhong Plain, in the warm breeze that was not hot or cold in late spring, in the bright colors of yellow corn and red spicy horns outside the window of the golden autumn car, more than once, suddenly, I was full of tears, inexplicably moved, and silently recited the song "Ah! My Guanzhong:
In Guanzhong, my pre-Qin prose is as rigorous, as brilliant as Tang poetry, as mellow as phoenix wine, and as rough as Panhu! From the rhyme of the nursery rhymes that flutter like gold leaf, I know you! You are Zheng Guoqu and Li Yizhi; you are the tower of Jingyang and the "tomb knots" on the Xianyang Mound; you are the snow white of a corner pot and helmet, the freshness of a plate of wild garlic; the liveliness of a small crab crawling on the belly of a flower; and the light and shadow play that makes people stand on sour legs in the hazy moonlight.
yes! My hot land is closed...
6- Qin Cavity is rooted in the land of Guanzhong This is the spectrum of the face
The pictures in the text are provided by the author Wang Peng
About the Author
(Note: Wang Peng and his writings)
Wang Peng, a national first-class writer in a second-level post (second-level professor), once served as the vice chairman of the Shaanxi Writers Association, the chairman of the Hanzhong Municipal Federation of Literature and Literature, and the chairman of the Writers Association. He has been creating for more than 40 years and has collected more than 50 films. He has won many awards such as the National Book Award, the Bingxin Prose Award, the Liu Qing Literature Award, and the First National Xu Xiake Travelogue Award, and has a variety of works translated abroad. He is an expert enjoying special allowances from the State Council and an expert with outstanding contributions in Shaanxi Province.