Cultivation points
flowerpot
The root system of orchids is relatively developed, and according to the requirements of the hydrophobic ventilation habits of orchids, the pots selected by orchids are more special than those of ordinary pots. It should be selected for "orchid pots" with rough texture, beautiful glaze, empty bottom edges, and pot feet to raise "orchids". "Orchid pots" are generally large and small, with a deep bottom, like a trumpet with a mouth up. There are water outlet holes at the bottom, and in the lower part of the basin for a week, there are many small water outlet holes. The aim is to make the roots of the orchid more breathable. Newly planted orchids, it is best to plant them in tiled "orchid pots". Cultivate for more than one year, and after the new roots are developing normally, they can be moved to the beautiful purple sand "orchid pot".
soil
Whether orchids are planted well or not depends on the use of soil. Orchids are semi-air-rooted flowers and must be made of acidic soil containing humus and good air permeability. The mountain mud of orchids grows in mountainous areas, and the cultivation effect is better. Orchid soil can also be formulated by using 70% sandy loam soil and 30% coarse-grained humus soil. After blending, it is stacked for more than three years before use.
The potting soil chosen should be sieved to separate the coarse grains from the fine grains. The potting soil should be sterilized to prevent insect infestation. It can be prevented by spraying "Tobzin" 800 times liquid or "Bordeaux liquid". The flower and bird market has ready-made orchid special cultivation soil for sale, the use effect is very good, there is no strange smell and clean to use, you can buy and use as you go.
Upper basin
The new roots of wild orchids newly dug up from the mountains have not yet occurred, and there are many broken roots, so first remove the root soil, wash it with clean water, and cut off the dead leaves and dry burnt leaf tips. For leaves infected with disease and insect spots, the disease spots should be cut off mercilessly. In addition, the rotten, yellowed old roots must be cut off. If the orchid is not fully rooted, the old roots and cores without root tips should be retained. It is best to mix the orchid plant with 600 times the liquid of "killable" or "alum" or medical "penicillin" and "streptomycin", dissolve each bottle of injectable powder in 2.5 kg of water, soak the solution for two hours, and then fish out and wash. Drying the orchid root in the sun can activate the vitality of the orchid plant, make the orchid root soft, easy to straighten out, not easy to break, and easy to pot. In order to prevent the orchid leaves from drying when drying, the orchid leaves can be shaded from the sun, and there is generally about 2 hours of light.
When the light reaches the pale color of the roots of the orchid, use a sharp blade to separate the seedlings that are connected together, and remove too many leafless false bulbs, because some leafless false bulbs will not germinate at all. The general practice is: for one or two conjoined seedlings, plant selection and retention of 1 to 2 fresh false bulbs. More than three conjoined seedlings, no matter how many leafless false bulbs are continuous, should all be broken open and treated separately. The incision can be coated with grass and wood ash or sulfur powder to prevent corrosion. Then, according to the length of the leaves, arrange them separately and put them into the pot. The bottom hole of the orchid pot should be lined with about a quarter of the large charcoal, first put coarse soil, and then put a small amount of fine soil. When planting, the roots of the orchid should be scattered, the pot should be shaken several times when adding soil, the depth should be close to the base of the leaves, and the soil of the pot surface should be slightly arched and slightly tighter, so that the roots of the orchid should be close to the soil and facilitate germination and growth. The surface of the pot can be placed with some small pumice or ground velvet grass to moisturize. Then pour it through several times, pour it well, and place it in a cool, ventilated place. After five days, the orchid pot is moved to a half-yin and half-yang place for cultivation.
Tradition holds that different varieties of orchids generally cannot be mixed in a pot. Because, long-term mixed planting, will cause the mutation of orchid varieties. For varieties with different flowering seasons, due to different management requirements, it is especially not possible to mix seeds in one pot. Some orchids have different leaf shapes and different leaf colors, and mixing together is very unsightly and lacks coordination. Consciously mutating varieties and planting different orchid varieties in a pot is an easy way. But it will take a long time to do so.
Change the pot
Orchids are changed potted and introduced, and it is best to cool from autumn to October. Because at this time, the new plant has basically matured and has not yet dormant, the trauma caused by changing pots is easier to recover at this time, and the impact on germination and flowering in the following year is small. Orchids need to change pots once every two years, and changing pots early and changing pots frequently is not conducive to the growth of orchid plants. Some orchids cultivated with small "orchid pots" have good plant growth, and when the orchid seedlings reach more than six seedlings, they should change the pot once a year. For orchids with poor growth and severe dry burnt leaf tips, there may be rotten roots or the soil may not be adapted. At this time, the pot should be changed in time. Emergency pot change can be carried out at any time, but you must pay attention to the warmth and moisture after changing the pot.
watering
Orchids are terrestrial plants that love to run and waterlogg. Many first-time farmers, fearing that they would lack water, poured too much water and rotted the fleshy roots of the orchid. The watering principle of the orchid is "rather dry than wet", as long as the orchid soil is kept somewhat moist. For orchids cultivated without soil, the opposite is "rather wet than dry".
Orchids do not have high requirements for moisture, and should be dry rather than wet. In January and February, water is done once a week; in March and April, every 3 to 4 days; in May, every 2 days; in June, once a day; in July and August, every 3 days; and in September and December, water is gradually reduced from twice a day to once a week, and care not to rain.
Orchids should be watered with river water, spring water, and well water. If tap water is used, it should be left for a period of time and can only be used after the chlorine gas in its water is released. Generally watering the water quality of orchids, pH should be in the PH value of 5 ~ 6 as well, you can buy acid and alkali test strips in pharmacies to test water quality. For those with insufficient acidity, you can add some salt and rice vinegar to the water to adjust it. Orchid watering is very knowledgeable, who should water at the edge of the pot is better. In summer, it is advisable to water in the early morning or evening, avoid watering at noon, and the amount of watering should not be too large. Watering once a week, twice a week in summer, watering more often leads to orchid root diseases and insect pests. Especially in the continuous rainy weather, the pot soil should be dry rather than wet, and the dry pot is conducive to the orchid to produce new leaves.
illumination
Orchids can be sunned from March to early to mid-April; from late April, after 9:00 a.m., it is not advisable to bask in the sun; chunlan can be sunned for two hours a day, and from June to September, it is necessary to shade early every day. Shade can be postponed after October.
temperature
Orchids are more hardy and can be placed outdoors for winter except on frozen days. Generally, when the outdoor temperature is 2 to 3 °C, the orchid should be moved indoors immediately. Summer temperatures are high, and the dry season should be appropriately sprayed with orchids to cool down and moisturize.
fertilize
New species of orchids, to wait for seven new roots growing 2 cm long before fertilization, generally new roots in the long about 2 months, some people advocate cultivating 1 to 2 years before fertilization. The fertilizer of the orchid can be prepared by itself, the method is to use 4 parts of grass and wood ash, 10 parts of bean cake, 6 parts of bone meal, mix well, store it in the container and add water in parts, after one year of fermentation, dilute it.
Fertilization generally begins in May before the new grass is unearthed and ends in autumn. Fertilize every 15 to 20 days, and fertilization should be carried out in the evening. The principle of fertilization is to apply thin fertilizer diligently. Fertilize in the evening and water again the next morning. Commonly known as "backwater". There are 9 kinds of fertilizers applied to orchids:
(1) Sustening fertilizer: This fertilizer can promote the early germination of orchid plants. You can choose 0.2% "potassium sulfate compound fertilizer", "Shida" 500 times liquid, "Huabao No. 4" 1000 times liquid, etc.;
(2) Germination fertilizer: Fertilization is carried out after half a month of application of Su fertilizer. Fertilizer and Su fertilizer is the same, you can also change the "Orchid Mushroom King" 500 times liquid;
(3) Flowering bud fertilizer: At this time, the orchid leaf buds are excavated 3 to 5 cm, which is in the suspension growth period, and the new shoots take root. The mother orchid plant begins to enter the reproductive growth stage at this time, and the plant needs less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus fertilizer nutrients. It can be poured with "Huabao No. 3" 1000 times liquid, and "potassium dihydrogen phosphate" and "borax" 800 to 1000 times liquid can be sprayed outside the roots;
(4) Boosting fertilizer: When the new shoot grows 2 cm root, the flower bud differentiation has been determined, and the new shoot is in urgent need of supplementary nutrition. At this time, the "compound fertilizer" solution should be applied once a month or the "Huabao No. 5" should be sprayed;
(5) Flower-assisting fertilizer: Fertilization is carried out about 30 days before flowering. A small amount of "potassium dihydrogen phosphate" 1000 times liquid, "Yiduo liquid fertilizer", "Xishuo" and so on can be applied;
(6) Sitting moon fertilizer: At this time, the orchid comes from the flowering period. To give more nutrient supplements to the plants in time, 0.3% "potassium sulfate compound fertilizer" can be applied, and the leaves can be sprayed with fertilizers such as "Xishuo", "Jialanbao", "Quick-nourishment", "Phyto fitness hormone", "Compound Trace Elements" and so on.
(7) Cold-resistant fertilizer: Before the orchid overwinters, more phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied, phosphorus can reduce the freezing point of plant cells, and potassium can make plant cellulose increase and promote plant cortex toughness. Avoid applying nitrogen fertilizers on cold winter days;
(8) Dowry fertilizer: refers to a three-element balanced fertilizer applied to the plant before the plant is divided and before the pot change, so as to improve the survival and rejuvenation of the plant, and the foliar spray "Huabao No. 2", "Mineral Fitness Hormone", "Mei Neng Hormone" and other fertilizers can be applied;
(9) Cui root fertilizer: Fertilizer to promote rooting can be sprayed with "root-promoting" 1500 times liquid or "potassium dihydrogen phosphate" 1000 times liquid, or "blue fungus king" 1000 times liquid or "root promotion" 3000 times liquid.
If each fertilizer is applied, fertilize once or twice, more than 10 times a year. It should be noted that tea leaf water tea residue can not be used as fertilizer for orchids, because they are alkaline, and after application, the soil matrix will be alkalized, affecting the growth of orchids. The management of orchids can be summarized in four sentences, called: "Spring is not out, summer is not day, autumn is not dry, winter is not wet." Orchids "like fertilizer and are afraid of turbidity", so the fertilizer must be thin, otherwise it will hurt the leaves and the roots.