There is an infectious disease, China's new infection in 2020 reached 840,000, almost ten times the number of new coronavirus infections in China that year. Every day in the world, 4,500 people die because of this disease. It is tuberculosis, because it mainly invades the lungs, so it is always called tuberculosis.
According to the 2021 World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report, India topped the list with around 2.6 million new TB infections each year. China ranks second with about 800,000 per year. This Grim Reaper lurks near us, so what do we do?
X-rays after the onset of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis may not be familiar to you, but you must know another resounding name for it, and that is tuberculosis. The culprit of tuberculosis is mycobacterium tuberculosis, whose population has been on Earth for at least 150,000 years and has been fighting with humans for thousands of years.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="43" why is tuberculosis so bad >? </h1>
Once the tuberculosis infection occurs, people will continue to cough up phlegm and cough, night sweats, fever, fatigue and weakness, and gradually lose weight until life is slowly exhausted by tuberculosis bacteria and dies.
Tuberculosis is a respiratory infectious disease, very contagious, droplets can be transmitted, the sputum of the infected person also contains tuberculosis bacteria, spitting on the ground after being dried, tuberculosis bacteria can flutter with the wind, continue to spread in the population.
The elderly and children have lower immunity and are more likely to be infected and sick.
The great thing about tuberculosis is that its incubation period is very long, and some can even lurk for life. After adult infection, because of strong immunity, generally will not directly onset the disease, but when people are old, poor immunity, tuberculosis bacteria began to threaten.
That is to say, even healthy normal people may be tuberculosis carriers, and the sputum spit may also contain tuberculosis bacteria and be contagious.
Up to 25% of TB infections are now latent globally
Globally, up to 25% of TB infections are now latent. So whether we are TB patients or not, we should not spit on the ground for the safety of those around us.
So now I ask you a question, what would you do if you saw someone spitting on the ground? 1 Is it pretending not to see? 2 is resolute criticism to stop. Please put your choice in the bullet screen or in the comments section.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="45" > can humans defeat tuberculosis? </h1>
In ancient times, once a person had tuberculosis, it was basically a terminal illness and there was no cure. Lu Xun's short story "Medicine" you must have read. In the old society, ignorant people thought that eating steamed buns stained with human blood would cure tuberculosis, that is, tuberculosis, which was obviously useless. At the same time, countless doctors and academics are desperately fighting tuberculosis.
Robert Koch
On March 24, 1882, German bacteriologist Robert Koch first discovered the pathogen that causes tuberculosis, which was later named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To commemorate this great discovery, 24 March is now designated as World TB Day.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="47" > first victory</h1>
By 1854, humanity had its first victory against tuberculosis. German doctor Bremer found that basking in the sun and breathing fresh air can effectively cure tuberculosis.
Although it was later discovered that Dr. Bremer's therapy only increased people's immunity and did not cure tuberculosis, it did send health to many tuberculosis patients at that time.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="50" > second victory</h1>
Tuberculosis is extremely harmful to children, and the infection and mortality rates of tuberculosis have remained high due to the inherently low resistance of children.
Children have low immunity and are susceptible to tuberculosis
Until 1921, two French doctors, Carmelt and Jielang, used attenuated tuberculosis bacteria to develop a vaccine, and after the vaccination of children, the infection rate and mortality rate of tuberculosis dropped significantly. In 1963, for example, 150 million people worldwide were vaccinated against the vaccine, and only four of them died.
Carmate and Jie lang
The invention of Carmet and Jie Lang saved countless children, and in honor of their great exploits, the vaccine was named BCG seedling. If you have children, you must have heard the term "BCG."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" > the third victory</h1>
The advent of the BCG vaccine is the second victory of humanity against tuberculosis. And then the third victory of mankind followed.
Antibiotics, the anti-bacterial diseases, were discovered by humans, and in the 1950s and 1960s, a series of drugs specifically targeted at tuberculosis were developed.
An artifact against bacteria - antibiotics
Humanity has seen the dawn again, taking the United States as an example, from 1953 to 1984, the number of tuberculosis cases in the United States was declining at a rate of 74% per year, and human beings can see that tuberculosis can be completely eliminated like smallpox.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="54" > fiasco</h1>
This time, however, humanity suffered Waterloo. In the 1970s and 1980s, AIDS broke out across the globe. The immunity of AIDS patients is greatly reduced, which makes THEM 30 times more likely to be infected with tuberculosis than normal people.
The immunity of AIDS patients has dropped significantly, and tuberculosis can take advantage of it
The aids outbreak has triggered a big outbreak of tuberculosis, and the mortality rate from HIV is very high, but this is only the beginning, and the specific drugs to fight tuberculosis are also beginning to have problems.
Tbsis bacteria are becoming more and more resistant, and even supertuberculous bacteria that can tolerate a variety of drugs have emerged.
Whereas the previous six-month course of treatment was almost 100% curative of TB, now the course of treatment has been extended by 18 to 24 months, and the cure rate can only reach 60%.
Antibiotics are constantly being used, and the resistance of bacteria is also increasing
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" > what should we do? </h1>
China now has more than 800,000 new tuberculosis cases every year, and tuberculosis is a death god lurking around us.
If there are symptoms of tuberculosis, such as coughing up sputum for two consecutive weeks, blood in sputum, etc., you should seek medical diagnosis in time and isolate and treat in time. In ordinary life, we should also pay attention to wearing masks in crowded places, not spitting on the ground, often opening windows for ventilation at home, and children should be vaccinated with BCG vaccines in time.
For the health of you and your family, please help me to give this article a thumbs up support, your support can let more people see this article, understand the harm and prevention of tuberculosis knowledge. Please also pay attention to me, I will continue to share the knowledge and stories of various plagues for you, I am @ four corners cut circle, we will see you in the next issue. #科普有料 #