We all know that if the nursing sow has insufficient daily feeding energy, the sow will consume the energy of the back label into breast milk, and the daily intake protein and amino acids will be insufficient, and the sow will use muscle tissue to convert it into protein in breast milk. If the physical energy is over-consumed, on the one hand, it causes nutritional diarrhea in the piglets, and more seriously, it causes excessive loss of the sow's weight, causing the sow to be in estrus interval or not in heat, and even the number of litters in the next birth will also decline, and the sow will lose the performance of continuous high yield.
Therefore, in order to raise and manage nursing sows, we need to focus on strengthening the feed nutrition level of sows during lactation, the amount of lactation of sows, the reduction of weightlessness of sows and other related links of management, so as to ensure that sows can also get better conditioning while feeding good piglets, so as to lay a solid foundation for the next fetus, so that sows can continue to achieve high yields and extend the service life of sows.
In short, the key to feeding management in the lactation stage of high-yield sows is to increase milk production and quality by paying attention to the nutritional level of feed, promote the normal growth and development of suckling pigs, reduce and make up for the weightlessness of sows, and improve the weaning weight of suckling pigs.
First, the nutritional needs of high-yield sows in the lactation stage
Sows need to use a large part of the nutrients for the synthesis of milk during lactation, and the basic basis for determining the amount of nutrients required for this part is the amount of milk produced and the nutritional composition of milk. The amount of milk produced by sows is not constant throughout the lactation cycle, but is significantly parabolic. That is, the amount of lactation after childbirth gradually increases, the 18-25th day of lactation is the peak period of lactation, and the amount of lactation gradually decreases after 28 days.
Even with a highly nutritious level of feed at this time, lactation will still drop dramatically. The nutritional composition of pig milk also changes with the lactation stage, the various nutrients of colostrum are significantly higher than that of regular milk, and the fat, protein and water content in regular milk shows an increase trend in the lactation stage, but lactose shows a downward trend.
In addition, during the lactation of sows, the changes in milk production and nutrient composition of milk are also consistent with the growth and development of piglets. For example, before 3 weeks of age, piglets are completely dependent on breast milk, and the amount of milk produced by sows increases with the increase of piglets and the amount of milk they eat; at 4 weeks of age, piglets have transitioned from digesting milk to digesting feed, which can obtain some nutrients from feed, so the milk production of sows has also begun to decline.
Therefore, the changes in sow lactation and the growth and development of piglets are the basis for reasonably providing nutrition for lactating sows. What nutrients should we pay attention to when feeding nursing sows?
1. Pay attention to nutrient concentration. Improving the level of protein, calcium, phosphorus, amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, etc., is not only conducive to lactation, but more importantly, reduces the weightlessness of sows and prevents nutritional diarrhea in piglets.
2. Increase energy levels. Such as increasing the content of corn by 61% to 65%, adding 3% brown sugar, etc. to promote lactation and stimulate insulin secretion (so as to improve the secretion of estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone), increase uterine repair and recovery (increased sugar content in the blood, promote insulin secretion, insulin in turn promotes estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone secretion).
3, improve the quality of soybean meal up to 20% to 25%, fishmeal up to 3% to 5%, to provide a wealth of essential amino acids and rich essential fatty acids, not only conducive to high-quality and rich lactation, but also conducive to accelerating the repair and recovery of postpartum uterine damage.
4. Provide 1.5% soybean oil (containing 99% fat), which is rich in essential fatty acids, which is conducive to accelerating the rapid repair of the uterus, and has the effect of promoting lactation and anti-constipation.
2. Feeding guidelines for high-yield sows during lactation
Sows in the lactation period of the need for nutrition is mostly used for lactation and self-maintenance, breast milk is converted from feed nutrition, if the feed quality is poor, insufficient nutrition, will directly lead to the weaning of suckling pigs weight decline, and piglets 28 days of weaning when the weight of more than 90% of the nutrition from breast milk, so the nutritional provision of nursing sows on the growth of piglets is very large.
At the same time, when the sow is not nutritionally sufficient, it will instinctively use the protein, fat and calcium and other nutrients stored in the body, the nursing sow daily feeding energy is insufficient, the sow will consume the energy of the back label into breast milk, the daily eating protein and amino acids are insufficient, the sow will use muscle tissue to convert into protein in breast milk to ensure the demand for lactation, the result will lead to a large loss of fat, weight loss, and even cause the sow to be paralyzed, which not only damages the constitution of the sow, but also affects the growth and development of the piglet.
At present, the weightlessness of nursing sows is acceptable in the range of 15 kg (the corresponding P2 dorsal thickness is reduced to about 3 mm), if it exceeds 15 kg, it indicates that the consumption of body tissue tissue is too large, and at the same time, it means that the intake of nutrients in nursing sows is insufficient. Today, most sows in pig farms are more than 15 kg in weight loss during lactation, which is due to the low feed intake of sows or the low nutritional level of nursing sow feed.
Therefore, during the lactation period of sows, it is necessary to provide sufficient nutrients. Production practice proves that during the breastfeeding period, the sow must use the sow's special "nursing material", so that the sow can eat freely, which can minimize the weight loss of the sow, the piglet weight gain can reach the highest level, while avoiding the sow estrus interval time is long or not estrus, and even the number of litters in the next birth will also decline, and the sow will lose the performance of continuous high yield.
It is recommended that the scientific feeding method be: do not feed on the day of delivery, or feed bran with electrolytic multi-dimensional water, feed 2 kg of breastfeeding on the next day, and increase by 0.5 kg per day thereafter until 6 to 7 days after childbirth. Method for determining the daily feeding amount of nursing sows: the amount of feed used by sows to maintain their own body needs is about 1% of their body weight (kg), and the feeding amount of 0.5 kg is increased for each nursing piglet, such as the weight of the sow is 150 kg, and the daily feeding amount is ≈ 150×1% + 0.5×10 = 6.5 kg / day.
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