Recently, the Internet has emphasized that the parasitic disease of sheep mandibular edema is mainly caused by liver flakes flukes, so first make a summary of parasitic diseases that cause mandibular edema.
Parasitic diseases that cause mandibular edema in sheep include flaky trematodes, biluminal flukes, dongbi flukes, pocket trematodes, esophageal nematodes, and hookworms (hookworm disease). Other diseases that cause mandibular edema in sheep are: streptococcal disease (in some cases, this lesion is present), drug allergy (I encountered it during rumen incision, and after stopping all drugs, it returned to normal within 15 days. ), actinomycete infection (because it is a good identification of the cyst), paratuberculosis (mainly lymphadenopathy).
Flaky trematodes. Site of parasite: bile ducts (can be infected by ruminants). Clinical symptoms are: acute and chronic, acute, acute, most common in late summer and autumn. It is mainly manifested by mental depression, increased body temperature, decreased appetite or abandonment, loose stool or slimy stool, pale visible mucosa, and a feeling of pressure in the liver area. Often dies within 3 to 5 days of onset of symptoms. 2. Chronic type. It is more common in winter and spring. The sick sheep gradually lose weight, the back hair is rough, the appetite is weak, anemia, edema appears in the eyelids, submandibular, chest, abdomen skin, constipation and diarrhea alternately, and finally die due to systemic failure, and the sick sheep with mild infection will also tolerate it. Differential diagnostic method: eggs are confirmed by microscopic observation of saturated saline diluted stool. Therapeutic agents: trichlorobendazole, nitrochlorophenol, bromophenol phosphorus, iodosamide, thiodichlorophenol, arbendazole
Flaky trematodes produce eggs
Double-chamber flukes. Parasite site: liver bile duct, inside the gallbladder (can be infected by ruminants). Clinical symptoms are similar to those of liver flukes. Most sheep have mild or no symptoms in the initial stages of infection with bilocarinae. When a severe infection occurs. It is manifested as the clinical features of chronic wasting diseases, such as depressed spirit, loss of appetite, yellowing of the conjunctiva of the eye, digestive disorders, submandibular edema, bloody stool, stubborn diarrhea, anemia, gradual emaciation, increased body temperature, and pain on palpation of the liver area. In severe cases, it can cause death. Differential diagnostic method: eggs are confirmed by microscopic observation of saturated saline diluted stool. Therapeutic agents: trichlorobendazole, nitrochlorophenol, bromophenol phosphorus, iodosamide, thiodichlorophenol, arbendazole
Dongbi fluke. Parasitic site: portal vein, mesenteric (cattle, sheep can be infected). Clinical symptoms: the disease is mostly chronic, and only infection with a large number of tail larvae is acute. Acute cases are phenotypes of elevated body temperature, cold-like symptoms, decreased appetite, shortness of breath, and symptoms such as nasal fluid, diarrhea, and weight loss, which can cause mass deaths. After enduring this turned chronic. Chronic cases generally present with pale and yellow stains of the visible mucosa, edema of the skin of the lower jaw and abdomen, enlarged abdominal circumference, and dyspepsia. Ewes present with symptoms such as ineligma, infertility, or miscarriage. Differential diagnostic method: stool examination of eggs. Therapeutic agents: praziquantel, nitrothiocyanamide (intravenous), HC-p-xylene
Belly pocket flukes. Site of parasite: rumen, intranetic gastric (ruminants can be infected). Clinical manifestations: (characterized by persistent intermittent diarrhea) Adult worms are less harmful and mostly are latent infections. However, when a large number of larvae parasitize, they can cause severe symptoms and even cause a large number of deaths. Sick sheep mainly show depression, anorexia, emaciation, refractory diarrhea after a few days, feces are porridge-like or watery, and foul odor. In the later stages, the spirit is weak, extremely exhausted, the eyelids, submandibular, and lower abdominal and thoracic edema, and eventually die of exhaustion. Differential diagnostic method: stool examination of eggs is very similar to copper disc trematodes eggs. Therapeutic drugs: thiobichlorophenol, albendazole, and niclosamide also have a certain effect.
Esophageal nematodes. Site of parasite: intestinal wall (ruminants can be infected). Clinical manifestations: in acute cases, the conjunctiva of the diseased sheep's eye is pale, persistent diarrhea is present, and the stool is dark green with mucus and sometimes blood. As the disease progresses, the sick sheep are exhausted, emaciated, and severe can lead to death. In chronic cases, constipation and diarrhea alternate, with a long duration of disease and subcutaneous edema. In adult sheep, the disease is an invisible infection. Differential diagnostic method: a large number of worms are detected in the colon and cecum. Therapeutic agents: albendazole, levamisole, fenbendazole, ivermectin, avermectin.
Back-mouth nematode (hookworm disease). Site of parasite: sheep intestine (infected sheep). Clinical manifestations: when larvae invade the skin, they often cause dermatitis and itching, which are generally not easy to detect. Migration of larvae into the lungs can cause bleeding from sheep lungs, but there are usually no obvious clinical symptoms. As the disease progresses, the sick sheep present with progressive anemia, stubborn diarrhea, severe wasting, mandibular edema, and black stool bands. Young animals also present with neurological symptoms, stunted development, and high mortality. Differential diagnostic methods: rely on stool egg examination and post-mortem dissection (large numbers of worms are found in the small intestine). Therapeutic agents: levamisole, ivermectin.
Back-mouth nematode body
The clinical characteristics described above are not absolute, and I have encountered multiple severe cases of liver flukes that only show the characteristics of loss of appetite and anemia. Therefore, the diagnosis of related diseases should rely on technical means to a certain extent, and clinical manifestations should not be one-sidedly accepted. Farming is not easy to hope that friends can do fine work. Avoid blindly listening to the loss of money and the wrong illness.
Farming peers pay attention to discussing together and making progress in learning.