People's Daily
From September to October this year, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress organized law enforcement inspection teams to go to 8 provinces and cities, including Zhejiang and Shanghai, to hold forums and visit fishery enterprises, aquaculture cooperatives, fishermen, etc., to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation of the Fishery Law and the existing problems.
Carrying out the inspection of the law enforcement of the Fisheries Law is one of the important contents of the supervision work of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2019. This is the first law enforcement inspection of the Law by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress since its promulgation and implementation in 1986.
Take into account the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of fish farmers
A few days ago, this reporter accompanied the inspection team to create a village in Zhujiajiao Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai, to learn about the production and living conditions of fishermen.
"How many people are in the family?" Can't fish now? The members of the inspection team followed the old Fei and his two sons to the house while inquiring about the situation.
"My family of 5 used to eat and live on the ship, but now they have settled ashore, and our old two have also retired." Lao Fei is the old party branch secretary of the village and has witnessed the establishment and transformation of this fishing village. In 2006, Qingpu District carried out comprehensive rectification of fishermen's fishing methods and operation methods, canceled all fixed operations, and changed to mobile fishing methods, and all fishermen in the village were included in social security. Lao Fei said that he can now get a pension of more than 2,000 yuan per month, and medical treatment is also guaranteed.
The inspection team learned that with the increase in the constraints of resources and the environment, the implementation of the requirements for reducing ships and changing production has brought considerable pressure to fishermen to reemploy and continue to increase income, and there is still a certain gap between the development of fishing villages and the requirements of comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Taking the establishment of the village as an example, there are 77 households in the existing territories, all the villagers are fishery households, 9 households are engaged in professional fishing, and other personnel are partly guided by the government for employment and some are self-employed. How to achieve the comprehensive revitalization of fishing villages and overcome the bottleneck caused by the decline of fishery resources to the continuous increase of fishermen's income has become a new challenge facing the development of fisheries.
In the law enforcement inspection, the progress of the issuance of aquaculture licenses is relatively slow, which is a problem that reflects a relatively concentrated situation. The Fisheries Law stipulates that the expropriation of collectively owned waters and tidal flats shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Land Management Law on land acquisition. The inspection team found that in some places, in order to avoid the occurrence of expropriation compensation, the enthusiasm for issuing aquaculture licenses was not high. The relevant departments of Zhejiang reflected to the inspection team that the expropriated farmers need to participate in social security "human land correspondence", while the collectively owned waters and beaches in the actual management are generally classified as rural unused land, which makes some fishermen unable to participate in the old-age security in accordance with the standards of farmers whose land has been expropriated, and because some projects occupy the aquaculture water surface compensation standards are low, the level of protection is difficult to meet expectations.
"Fishermen engaged in aquaculture in the offshore, farming waters and tidal flats are like farmers' arable land, an important source of economic income, and the basis for survival. In some places, on the grounds of construction planning and other reasons, they have been cleaned up or recovered, and fish farmers have received limited compensation, but they have lost their industry and source of livelihood. Li Changqing, a member of the inspection team and a deputy to the National People's Congress, suggested that in the process of revising the Fisheries Law, it is necessary to proceed from the vital interests of grass-roots fishermen as much as possible, supplement and improve relevant provisions, and take into account the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of fish farmers.
The inspection group stressed: It is necessary to closely focus on increasing fishermen's income, speed up the cultivation of new momentum for industrial development, standardize the management of new business forms such as recreational fisheries; attach great importance to the problem of retiring fishermen from fishing and changing their jobs, increase the intensity of skills training, employment services, and entrepreneurship support, and ensure that the living standards of fishermen on the shore are not reduced and that their long-term livelihood is guaranteed; it is necessary to speed up the completion of the shortcomings in the infrastructure construction of fishing ports and fishing villages, establish and improve the institutional mechanism for universal sharing of basic public services in fishing villages, and consolidate the foundation for the comprehensive revitalization of fishing villages and the comprehensive progress of fishermen.
Scientific breeding, pollution sources can also become clean water sources
The annual production of pearls in Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, accounts for more than 70% of the world's total freshwater pearl production. However, the traditional pearl culture method requires a large amount of animal manure to be injected into the breeding pond to breed algae, resulting in water pollution.
The inspection team came to the automated cleanwater breeding model base of Qinghu Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in Shanxiahu Town, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, and under the clear lake surface was Guo Weifeng's 800,000 river mussels "drip irrigation".
"Using automated clean water culture technology, food is transported directly into the river mussels through the pipeline like a drip. Food is isolated from water bodies, preventing water pollution. Guo Weifeng introduced to the members of the inspection team that the automated pipe network format breeding technology accurately transports algae to river mussels, as long as they are not fed too full, the river mussels foraging are the filters of lake water.
Scientific breeding, pollution sources can also become clean water sources. The inspection team found that people's understanding of the ecological function of water conservation fisheries is still insufficient, some simply believe that aquaculture will definitely cause water pollution, some places have banned open aquaculture under the pressure of environmental protection, and the development space of green ecological fisheries has been restricted.
Fu Xuejun, president of the Dinghai District Aquaculture Association in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, reflected to the inspection team: "At present, the degradation of aquatic germplasm resources and fry is serious, the incidence is high, there are few disease-resistant vaccines, the replacement of wild young trash fish, and the research and development of compound feed for animal offal is insufficient, which has become an important factor restricting the green development of the aquaculture industry. "This has resonated with many representatives of breeding enterprises and farmers." Zhou Gaomin, director of the Dinghai Panzhi Aquaculture Farm in Zhoushan City, suggested to the inspection team that he hoped that the state would strengthen scientific and technological research and development and strengthen the monitoring and management of seed sources.
The inspection team called for actively promoting the development of fishing through science and technology, improving and perfecting the scientific and technological support system conducive to the green development of aquaculture, focusing on strengthening the breeding of new varieties of high-quality aquaculture, developing green breeding models and technologies, promoting ecological prevention and control measures for epidemic diseases and the use of feed, improving the level of breeding equipment and equipment, and further improving the output rate of green aquatic products. At the same time, we will strengthen the management of aquatic seedlings, standardize the introduction of seedlings from different places, clarify quarantine responsibilities, and implement technical equipment and personnel allocation for quarantine at the place of origin.
The punishment and disposal of "three noes" ships is insufficient legal support
In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Fisheries Law, the State controls the management of indicators through the tools of the vessel net, and issues fishing licenses, fishing vessel inspection certificates and vessel registration certificates to the entities that have obtained the indicators in accordance with the law, so as to ensure that the intensity of marine fishing is controllable and the fishery resources are used reasonably and effectively. The "three noes" ships that are outside the supervision are a major scourge that causes indiscriminate fishing and damage to marine fishery resources.
The inspection team found that in some places, the number of "three noes" vessels is even higher than that of legal fishing vessels. Since 2014, Zhejiang Province has continued to carry out law enforcement actions focusing on cleaning up and banning fishing-related "three noes" vessels, and at present, the "three noes" vessels involved in fishing in the province are basically extinct, but due to the obvious characteristics of marine fishery commons, the responsibility of territorial supervision is not implemented, and fishing vessels holding local licenses enter Zhejiang waters to engage in illegal fishing operations, which poses a challenge to the order and fairness of marine fisheries law enforcement.
"At present, the legal support for the punishment and disposal of fishing-related 'three noes' vessels is insufficient, and it is recommended to further clarify and refine it when the law is revised." Front-line law enforcement workers said that the law stipulates that prohibited fishing gear should be banned, but what procedures and measures to take to ban it are not clearly stipulated and need to be clarified.
Is the act of releasing aquatic organisms standardized? This is also the focus of the inspection team. According to The Qingpu District of Shanghai, about 5 million aquatic animals are released by the local people every year, and the disorderly release or even random release of aquatic organisms that do not meet the ecological requirements such as alien species into natural waters can easily lead to ecological safety incidents. Jiang Jianguo, secretary of the Law Enforcement Corps of the Shanghai Municipal Agricultural and Rural Committee, said that in law enforcement practice, education and guidance are generally the mainstay, and there is no other punishment method, and the effect is not good.
In view of the problems in practice, the inspection team proposed to further improve the level of fishing standard management, further improve the legal system and norms, pay close attention to revising the Fisheries Law, add relevant contents on supervision and law enforcement entities, fishery safety production, fishing-related "three noes" vessels, the manufacture and sale of closed fishing gear, and the supervision of catches, accelerate the modernization of the fishery governance system and governance capabilities, and provide a stronger legal guarantee for further promoting the high-quality development of modern fisheries.
During the inspection, many fishermen hoped that the efficient implementation of the Fisheries Law would promote the sustainable development of fisheries and realize the vision of "fishing" every year and clear water.
People's Daily (12 December 2019, 18th edition)