That day, I was drinking tea with a few friends at the old South Bridge. In a spring and Jingming, the river water is in the water, somehow said that the "ju dove" in the "Book of Poetry Guan Ju": Mr. Ji Min said that the dove is a spotted dove, and the cry of "grunting" in the woods of the river is very arousing; Mr. Nishimura said it should be a wild duck, after all, it was at the water's edge, and the chirp of "Gaga" was actually the sound of "Guanguan". In the past, I only regarded "Guan Guan Ju Dove, in the River Continent" as a kind of "Bixing" technique, and never cared what kind of bird the "Ju Dove" was here. Even though there are five chapters of Mr. Qian Zhongshu's "Pipe Cone Compilation Mao Shi Zhengyi" that involve "Guan Ju", none of them are related to the "Ju Dove" bird; The Shanghai Dictionary publishing house's "Appreciation Dictionary of Poetry Classics" does not even give a little explanation for "Ju Jiu". It can be seen that no matter what kind of bird the "dove" is, it almost has no great impact on understanding the mood of this poem. Still, it's an interesting topic.
In the Book of Poetry, Mao (Heng, Chang) has the following: "Ju Dove, Wang Juye, birds are sincere and different." Zheng Xuanji: "Sincere words are also the same as the male and female of the birds of Wang Ju, but there is a difference." The "Bird Classic" (which is said to be from the Spring and Autumn Period, which should be from the end of the Warring States period to the beginning of the Han Dynasty) recorded that the book was written in the same age as "Mao Chuan": "Wang Ju, Ju Dove, Osprey Also." "Mao's poem" says: "Wang Ju, sincere and different, many sons." The river table people called out to the osprey. Male and female love each other and live in different places. The poem "National Wind", the beginning of "Guan Ju" also. The Erya Shi Bird also says, "Ju Dove, Wang Ju." In ancient times, "sincere" was connected with "贽" and "鸷", and perhaps because of this, the Western Jin Dynasty literary scholar Lu Ji commented in "Mao Shi Grass, Wood, Birds, Animals, Insects and Fish Sparse": "Ju dove, the size of a gull." Deep eyes, bare eyes. Youzhou people call it a vulture. Guo Pu, a famous scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, explained the "Erya Commentary": "Carvings. Nowadays, Jiangdong is called a osprey, and it is good to eat fish on the edge of Jiangzhu Mountain. Lu Ji and Guo Pu both thought that the "jubilant dove" was a large bird of prey such as vultures and eagles. Even in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi explicitly pointed out that the dove was a water bird, "like a bird." There is now a river and a river. There are fixed couples without chaos, and occasionally swim together without slying, so "Mao Chuan" thinks that there is a difference between sincerity and difference. However, later dictionaries, including today's Ciyuan and Cihai, are used as solutions to the fierce osprey or osprey without other related interpretations such as the ogre.
Leaving aside for the moment the gentle imagery symbolizing the beauty of love and lovesickness to birds of prey such as vultures, eagles or vultures, etc., the artistic taste of the poem "Guan Ju", and, from the perspective of historical examination alone, from the perspective of historical examination alone, from the perspective of historical examination, in the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, the ancients' cognition and description of organisms, including birds, of course, could not make scientific, standardized, and accurate classification and naming of boundaries, gates, programs, orders, families, genera, species, etc. like modern biology, and even had a lot of mistakes, such as the "Ancient Bird Classic" in the appendix of the Qing Dynasty Ma Hua's "History of The Silk Race". There is a saying that "the crane is pregnant with sound" and "the magpie is pregnant with a sense of sound"; In addition, now research has found that mandarin ducks (ducks) are not inseparable and lifelong companions, it is just a beautiful association that people see in and out of the clear waves of The Bright Lake. It can be seen that the annotations on the "ju dove" in the aforementioned texts have great necessity for extending the examination and discussion.
If we do not regard "ju dove" as a proper noun but as a partial positive phrase, then "ju" can be interpreted as jushui, that is, depressed water in today's western Hubei; And "dove" is the common name of the central species of the dove pigeon family, for example, China has green dove, southern dove, juan dove and spotted dove, etc., to "dove on the banks of the Jushui River", its geographical location is basically the same as the "Zhounan" land, but from the distribution range, this dove is most likely to inhabit the plains and mountains of the dove. This is somewhat inconsistent with the environment of "In the River Continent", and the gloomy "grunting" sound of the dove is even more difficult to associate with the cheerful "Guanguan" chirp. Therefore, this kind of dull "hard solution" is roughly unreasonable.
According to the "traditional" interpretation, the "dove" is the osprey, that is, the cormorant, its body is like a duck, the head is like an eagle, the beak has a hook, the neck is thick and long, mostly living in rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps and other areas, after domestication can fish for fishermen. Cormorants rarely chirp, but when they roost and have disputes with each other, they often make "grunting" calls, which are rough, sandy and unpleasant. Its image and sound may be difficult to make people have romantic "Bixing" associations and feelings, so it is more far-fetched to interpret "Ju dove" as an osprey. In recent years, some people have put forward the "bitter evil bird" (a kind of buzzard), but this kind of water bird that mainly lives in the south has no "king" weather, and the desolate cry of "bitter, bitter" at night is often unpleasant. Some people also proposed that "colored sandpipers" said that Mr. Peijian's "What Kind of Bird May Be a Dove" believes that the female bird's feathers are more beautiful than the male bird's, which will make people think of the beauty of the dove, so the dove is "locked" as "colored sandpiper". The area and environment in which this waterbird resides and inhabits are also roughly consistent with the scene "set" by Guan Ju, but the multi-male and female habits of this crownless puffin-like bird with no crown on its head and the monotonous "Ou, Ou" call do not quite match the "image" characteristics of the dove. Mr. Gao Lijie, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, said: "After a detailed comparison of various materials, we have found the crested ibises in contemporary game birds... It is the dove and wang ju in the ancient books, because most of the characteristics of the dove in the ancient books can be reflected in the crested bird. However, I have not been able to find the bird "crested bird" from the relevant books, and can only speculate that it may be related to "peng" and "osprey". According to ancient books such as "Shuowen Jiezi" and "Zilin", "Peng" is the ancient character of "phoenix", and "Shuowen" says: "Feng fei, flocks of birds from tens of thousands, so it is thought to be a friend party word." The status of the king of its flocks of birds comes from the "friend" on the right, which first appeared in "Zhuangzi Getaway": "There is a fish in the north, and its name is Kun. The size of the carp, I don't know how many thousands of miles it is, turned into a bird, its name is Peng. "Absolute clouds, negative blue sky, and then Tunan." It is indeed the king of meteorology. But how could such a sacred bird inhabit the swampy land of the river beach? The "stork" is a common name for birds of the thrush subfamily, with a graceful and graceful call but no crest, nor is it a water bird. Of course, the combination of "peng" and "bird" is another matter, and it is still incomprehensible that there are differences and changes in ancient and modern birds and their names.
Then, it seems that we can take a different angle and way to do some research. The poem "Guan Ju" belongs to the "Zhou Nan" in the Fifteen Kingdoms of the Book of Poetry, and "Zhou Nan" refers to the area south of the Zhou Dynasty capital Fengjing (west of the Feng River in the southwest of present-day Chang'an County, Shaanxi, even if King Wu of Zhou moved his capital to the pickaxe across the river), which is still the political and cultural center of the country), roughly referring to the area south of Luoyang to the Jianghan region, mainly including the "south" lands such as today's southwestern Henan and northwestern Hubei. As Kong Yingda of the Tang Dynasty said in "Justice": "Those who have been transformed into saints are called Zhou Nan." The one who has attained the incarnation of the wise is called the summoning of the South......... Prologue Yun: Guan Ju and Lin Toe, the wind of the king, so it is the Zhou Gong. The magpie's nest, the virtue of the donkey, the wind of the princes, therefore the summoning of the duke. In other words, "Guan Ju" is a folk song collected by the poet collector from the area south of the capital city under the direct rule of the Zhou Dynasty, such as the area around Hubei. The scene depicted in the song is located on the riverside of Ashu Nagisa: the girl who is by the river, perhaps rowing a boat, picking wattles, i.e. lotus leaves, may not be medicinal (edible), but for the yellow flowers of the water lily. At this time, what triggered the reverie of the "gentleman" not far away should be the "Guanguan" and the sound of the song emitted by the water birds of the water birds (wild ducks) mentioned by Zhu Xi ("Zhengzi Tong": Guan is Guanguan, the sound of birdsong), that is, the "duck singing and sighing (gā)" recorded in the Ancient Bird Classic. So, what did this wild duck, called "Wang Ju" in ancient times, look like? Baidu Encyclopedia said: "Because of the crown feathers on the top of its head, the dove looks quite kingly and graceful, and the ancients also called it Wang Ju." "This should be a very reasonable explanation. After comprehensive comparison, the Chinese autumn sand duck is the most in line with the characteristics of the "king meteorology" dove bird.
The Autumn Sand Duck, a species endemic to China, is commonly known as the Scaly Autumn Sand Duck, which has black fish scales on the feathers, and its characteristic symbol is that there are two clusters of crown feathers on the head, like a beautiful phoenix crown. It is found in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, south of the Yangtze River and Siberia, and inhabits streams, valleys, meadows, ponds and meadows mixed with broad-leaved or coniferous broad-leaved forests, in pairs or in groups of families, often in small groups of three or five, sometimes mixed with Mandarin ducks. The areas where they live, such as Taihu Lake and Dongting Lake south of the Yangtze River, are also consistent with the land of "Zhounan". In the northeast, the Xiaoxing'an Mountains and the Changbai Mountains are the breeding grounds of the Autumn Sand Duck, and at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn - when the lettuce is still in its flowering period, it moves south with various wild ducks to the Taihu Lake Basin of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Dongting Lake in Hubei Province, Pingtang in Guizhou and other places to avoid the cold and overwinter, just as Yang Xiong's "Feather Hunting Endowment" wrote: "Wang Ju Guanguan, Hongyan Hiss", a lively scene.
The Chinese autumn sand duck is an ancient species left over from the end of the Third Glacier, a national key protected wild animal, an endangered species on the IUCN Red List, rarer than the Yangtze crocodile, and is known as the "giant panda" among birds. In recent years, autumn sand ducks have been found in ancient "Zhounan" places such as the Luoyang River Basin in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province, and the TaoyuanYuanshui (wetland), a tributary of Dongting Lake. It can be seen that the Chinese autumn sand duck should be the bird of the "Guanguan" dove!
In addition, from ancient times to the present, the traditional notes, omissions, and notes mostly believe that "Guan Ju" is a love song that praises the "virtue of husband and wife" and "restraint", and is an ode sung at the wedding. This interpretation of "small words" is very different from its meaning as a "folk song". Sima Qian once said, "The wind poet, the work of men and women who love each other in the terroir of Gu Lu Yan." Mr. Yu Guanying, an expert in classical literature, believes that "Guan Ju" is "a girl picking thorns by the river that arouses the admiration of an aristocratic man", an impromptu unrequited love, a pursuit that has not yet been scored! Only in this way can it be more poetic and a symbolic meaning that transcends the text.
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