With the vigorous implementation of pollution-free agricultural product production in China, high-efficiency, 低️toxic, low-residue pesticides are gradually respected by consumers. However, some highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides in China's pesticide market still account for nearly 50%. The reason why many farmers choose highly toxic pesticides in addition to the price reasons, the main reason is that the effect is not obvious due to improper use of methods, or some simply do not distinguish between true and false and are confused by some fake and true trade names. The following information such as the nature, composition, trade name, dosage form, targeted application method, officially registered production enterprises and contact numbers of some high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide products commonly used will be introduced to everyone, making a contribution to the construction of a harmonious and environmentally friendly society.
China is one of the earliest countries to use pesticides and has a very long history. In 1950, the production of 666 began; in 1957, the first organophosphorus insecticide production plant was built, and the production of organophosphorus insecticides began. In the 1960s and 1970s, mainly varieties of organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides were developed, while fungicides and plant growth regulators were also developed. In 1973, China stopped using mercury preparations and developed fungicides such as rice blast net and carbendazim to replace mercury preparations. From the late 1970s to the 1980s, new varieties of pesticides with high efficiency and safety were continuously developed. In 1983, China stopped using high residue organochlorine insecticides such as 666 and DDT, and the varieties of alternative pesticides continued to develop, expanded the production of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, and developed pyrethroids and other insecticides. At the same time, fungicide pesticides and herbicide pesticides have also been developed and applied. In 1995, the number of original pesticide drugs in China developed to 218, and 839 kinds of preparations. By 2005, China's original pesticide varieties have developed to more than 260 varieties, and more than 3,000 preparation products. Less than one-third of the varieties in so many products belong to pesticides that are highly efficient, low-toxic, and low-residue.
In 2003, the state recommended a number of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide varieties. The most common and commonly used pesticides on the market are introduced.
1. Matrine
(1) Basic characteristics
Matrine, also known as matrine, matrine, etc., the English common name matrine, is made of the roots, stems and leaves, and fruits of the Chinese herbal plant matrine by ethanol and other organic solvents, and its components are mainly matrine, oxidized matrine and other alkaloids. The pure product is a white powder, no mutagenic effect, no embryotoxicity, no teratogenic effect. There is a weak accumulation.
Matrine is a broad-spectrum plant insecticide, which can paralyze the nerve center after contact with the agent, and the protein coagulation blocks the stomata and suffocates. It has low toxicity to humans and livestock, has the effect of touch killing and stomach poisoning, and has obvious control effects on various crops such as green vegetable insects, aphids and red spiders, and can also control underground pests. Preparations: 0.2%, 0.26%, 0.3%, 0.36%, 0.5% matrine aqueous agent, 0.36%, 0.38%, 1% matrine soluble liquid, 0.38% matrine emulsion, 1.1% matrine powder.
(2) Prevention and control targets
1. Control of apple red spiders: after the apple blossoms, the overwintering eggs of red spiders begin to hatch to the end of hatching, which is the appropriate period for control; control of millet armyworms; control of vegetable vegetable green insects, aphids, this product has a good effect on the age of larvae, poor effect on larvae of vegetable green insects above 4 years old; control of leek maggots.
(3) Precautions
1. Read the product label carefully before use.
2. Rain soon after spraying needs to be sprayed again.
3. It is strictly forbidden to mix with alkaline pesticides.
4. This product has no systemic absorption, and attention should be paid to spraying evenly and thoughtfully when spraying.
5. Store in a place protected from light, cool and ventilated, avoid storage under high temperature and hot sun conditions.
2. Neem
Neem is also called vegetable and fruit net, Sichuan (Indian) neem, etc., the English common name azadirachtin. It is extracted from neem Azadriachta indica, mainly in the seed nucleus, followed by in the leaves. The mechanism of action is special, with a variety of plant-derived active substances that control the effect of pests, with food refusal, avoidance, touch killing, stomach poisoning, systemic suction and inhibition of insect growth and development, and is internationally recognized as the most important insect food refusal agent. The structure of insect-like molting hormone is an inhibitor of molting hormone in insects, reducing the release of molting hormone; it can also directly destroy the epidermal structure or prevent the synthesis of epidermal chitin, or interfere with respiratory metabolism, affect reproductive system development, etc. Specific effects are to disrupt or interfere with the growth and development of eggs, larvae or pupae; to prevent the peeling of nymphs or larvae; to change the tail and sexual behavior of insects; to resist nymphs, larvae and adults; to prevent adults from laying eggs and disrupt ovarian development; and to make adults sterile. Efficient, broad-spectrum, pollution-free, residue-free, not easy to produce resistance, harmless to warm-blooded animals such as humans and animals, and safe against natural enemies of pests.
Neem is safe for humans, animals, birds and bees, does not affect predatory and parasitic predators, and degrades easily in the environment. The common dosage form is 0.3% neem emulsion.
(2) Scope of prevention and control
The application of neem insecticide can effectively control cotton bollworms, pine caterpillars, dancing poison moths, Japanese golden turtle shells, smoke moths, grain nocturnal moths, twill moths, vegetable moths, leafminer flies, grassland nocturnal moths, desert locusts, African flying locusts, corn borers, rice brown planthoppers, thrips, fruit flies, armyworms and other pests, which can be widely used in grain, cotton, forest trees, flowers, melon fruits, vegetables, tobacco, tea, coffee and other crops, and will not make pests resistant to them. Neem insecticide is applied to the soil and can be absorbed by the roots of cotton, rice, corn, wheat, broad beans and other crops, and transported to the stems and leaves, so that the whole plant has insect resistance. Control of cruciferous vegetable moths, in the small cabbage moths in the harmful period, in the 1-2 year old larval bloom period in time to administer the drug.
1. This product should not be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
2. The drug is slower, we must grasp the appropriate period of application, do not arbitrarily increase the dosage.
3. Apply the drug in the early morning or evening.
4. The interval between each spray in winter is 10 days, which can be shortened in summer and rainy season.
5. 0.03% neutral laundry detergent can be added according to the amount of spray liquid, which can improve the effectiveness of prevention.
3. Nicotine
Tobacco powder can be sprayed powder; tobacco powder, broken tobacco stems or smoke tendons (plus quicklime) are immersed in water, and the tobacco residue can be filtered out and sprayed. Now mainly extract free nicotinine, or make nicotine sulfates for use. Nicotine is a plant pesticide, which can be used to make insecticides in the scrap soil after tobacco processing. Easily soluble in water, unstable in nature, volatile, strong irritation, toxic to humans and animals, less toxic to fish, touch killing, fumigation and gastric toxicity to pests, strong rapid killing, short effectiveness. 3. Contact plant-derived insecticides mainly from tobacco. It is highly toxic to higher animals, moderately toxic to aquatic organisms such as fish, and highly toxic to silkworms, and its insecticidal activity is high, inhibiting nerve tissue, and suffocation of insect bodies. The quick-acting residual period is short, there are basically no residue problems, and it is safer for crops. The insecticidal spectrum is wide. The main dosage form is 10% nicotine emulsion.
(ii) Scope of prevention and control
It is mainly used for vegetables, fruit trees, tea trees, rice and other crops to control aphids, kale nocturnal moths, thrips, bugs, leaf jumpers, soybean heartworms, cabbage green worms, leaf diver flies, leaf diver moths, peach small heartworms, pear small heartworms, mites, yellow striped jumping beetles, rice borers, leafhoppers, planthoppers and so on. The application should be even, and the residual effect period is about 7 days. Do not mix with agents that are easy to decompose under alkaline conditions. Free nicotine is mainly used for touch killing and fumigation, nicotine sulfate is mainly used for touch killing and gastric toxicity, when used in the dilution to add a certain amount of soap and alkali, can improve the efficacy. With 10% nicotine emulsion 1000 times liquid, high bee spray occurs in adult American spotted flycatchers.
1. It should not be mixed with alkaline substances.
2. It is advisable to apply the drug in the morning and evening when the sun is not strong, and do a good job in the safety protection of the applicator.
3. Store in a cool, dry place.
4. Rotenone
Fish vine, also known as poisonous fish vine, belongs to the legume family of perennial vines, insecticidal active ingredient is fish vine ketone, mainly present in the roots of plants, pure product is white crystal, insoluble in water, soluble in a variety of organic solvents. It is susceptible to decomposition under the influence of sunlight, air and high temperature, and will soon decompose and fail in case of alkali. Relatively stable under dry conditions. Poisoning of humans and livestock, high toxicity to fish, no harm to crops, no residues, no pollution of the environment, no adverse effect on crop quality.
Fish vine has a strong touch killing, stomach poisoning effect, so that the pest breathing difficult, weakened, slow heartbeat, affect the pest's respiratory metabolism and poisoning death, but also has a certain repellent effect. The insecticidal effect is slow, but the insecticidal effect is more durable and can be maintained for about 10 days. Main dosage forms: 4% powder, 5% fish vine concentrate emulsion.
Control of vegetables such as green worms, twenty-eight star ladybirds, ape leaf worms, yellow melons, yellow striped jumping beetles, vegetable borers, vegetable aphids, bean aphids, etc.; control of edible mushroom jumping insects (soot worms), fungus pseudo-walking insects; control of citrus, peach, mulberry trees and other aphids, red spiders, etc. of fruit trees.
1. Can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides.
2. Do not soak rotenone in hot water, and the liquid medicine should be used with it to prevent long-term failure.
3. Fish vine preparations should be stored in a cool and dry place, and avoid strong light when using.
4. The safety interval is 3 days.
5. Avermectin
Avermectin, English generic name aramectin, alias qidun mite, insect mite light, mite, etc., the original drug is a highly toxic insecticide, no irritating effect on the skin, mild irritation to the eyes. Highly toxic to bees and low to birds. However, the preparation is low toxicity. Avermectin has gastric toxicity and touch killing effect on mites, and has a weak fumigation effect, no systemicity, but a strong osmotic effect on leaves, long residual effect, can not kill eggs. The mechanism of action is to stimulate the release of r-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter, interfering with normal neurophysiological activities. After mite, adult and nymph poisoning, paralysis, inactivity, cessation of feeding, death after 2-3 days. Because it does not cause rapid dehydration of insects, the speed of action is slow. Avermectin has no direct contact killing effect on predatory insects and parasitic predators, but there is little residue on the surface of the plant. Therefore, there is little damage to the beneficial insects. Adsorbed by the soil in the soil does not move, and is easily decomposed by microorganisms, so there is no cumulative effect in the environment. Due to the infiltration effect, it is less affected by rain and is safe for crops.
Commonly used preparations are: 0.15% synergistic avermectin emulsion, 0.2% avermectin emulsion, 0.5% avermectin wettable powder, 0.9% avermectin emulsion, 1% avermectin emulsion, 1.8% avermectin emulsion.
(2) The scope of prevention and control and the method of use
It can control citrus red spiders, rust mites, short-whisker mites, etc. on fruit trees, apple leaf mites, young mites, leaf curl moths, pear wood lice, aphids, pear round shield aphids, peach small heartworms; can also control small cabbage moths and green worms on vegetables; mesozoans and thrips on flowers; aphids of food crops.
1. For bees, fish and other high toxicity, should avoid the use of plants during the flowering period, and avoid polluting water sources and ponds. When used on other crops, avoid drifting the mist to flowering crops or weeds.
2. Safety protection measures and regulations should be observed during the application process, and obvious signs should be set up in the application area.
3. Store the agent in a cool and dry place, away from the source of fire.
4. The time of the last application is 20 days away from harvest.
5. Avoid contact with the skin of the agent to avoid skin absorption and poisoning. Avoid spilling the agent into the eyes or inhaling the drug mist, and if the agent comes into contact with the skin or clothing, immediately wash it with plenty of water and soap, and consult a doctor. If taken by mistake, induce vomiting immediately and give ephedrine to the patient, but never give anything or induce vomiting in a comatose patient.
6. The last application is 20 days from the harvest stage on the fruit tree, and the vegetables are not less than 7 days.
Sixth, multi-fungicide
Polycycline is also known as hypnosis, caixi. This product is a biologically derived insecticide purified from the radiation bacterium metabolite, which is an antibiotic insecticide, the active ingredient is polycycide, the toxicity is very low, the toxicity is low to humans, animals and birds, and the direct spray is highly toxic to bees, but it is harmless to bees for several hours after application. The appearance of the suspension agent is white liquid, the pH is 7.4-7.8, and it is stable for 2 years. This agent has no interactive resistance with various insecticides currently used, and the insecticidal speed is fast. The main dosage forms are 2.5% and 48% suspension.
It can control pests such as cabbage moths, beet moths and thrips. The effect is seen on the same day after spraying, and the insecticidal speed can be compared with chemical pesticides, and the non-general biological insecticides are comparable. Both the Chinese and USDA registered safe harvest periods of only 1 day, making them most suitable for pollution-free vegetable production applications.
1. Discontinue vegetables 1 day before harvesting. Avoid rain within 24 hours of spraying.
2. This product is a low-toxicity biological source insecticide, but it should still pay attention to safety protection when using.
3． Store this product in a cool, dry, safe place, away from food, beverages, and feed.
4． When cleaning applicators or disposing of waste materials, environmental contamination should be avoided.
Vii. Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin, the English common name cynuthrin, other names are permethrin, Baythroid . The industrial products are brown viscous liquids with no special odor, density of 1.27-1.28, vapor pressure of 4.0× 10-6P (20 °C). Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, easily soluble in ether, acetone, toluene, dichloromethane and other organic solvents. It can be stable for more than two years at room temperature storage, stable under acidic conditions, but easy to decompose under alkaline conditions with a pH value of >7.5.
Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide containing fluorine, low toxicity and mite-suppressing activity. It is low toxic to higher animals, has no irritating effect on rabbit skin, and has a mild irritating effect on the eyes. It is highly toxic to aquatic organisms such as fish, bees and silkworms, and low to birds.
This product is highly effective in insecticidal use, has a good effect on a variety of Lepidopteran larvae, and can also effectively control some underground pests. It is mainly used for touch killing and gastric toxicity, and has no systemic and fumigation effects. The insecticidal spectrum is wide, the effect is rapid, the effectiveness period is long, and it is safe for crops. It has some egg killing activity and has a rejection effect on some adult insects. Common dosage forms are 5. 7% emulsion.
Cypermethrin can be processed into emulsions, ultra-low volume liquids, wettable powders, granules and other dosage forms. Mainly used in cotton, vegetables, fruit trees, tea trees, tobacco, dry grains, soybeans and other crops, control of all kinds of aphids, cotton bollworms, cotton red bollworms, cabbage green worms, peach small heartworms, citrus leafminer moths, tea tree tea inchworms, tea caterpillars, tobacco green insects, armyworms, corn borers, ground tigers, soybean heartworms, etc., have a certain inhibitory effect on cotton leaf mites. At the same time, it can also treat other foliar pests such as aphids, but the control effect of the small cabbage moth that has become resistant to permethrin is not good.
1. Do not mix with alkaline substances.
2. Can not be used in mulberry gardens, fish ponds, rivers, beekeeping places.
3. Store the agent in a cool, ventilated and dry place that is out of reach of children, and avoid contaminating the soil or water body with the agent or container.
4. The safety interval is 21 days. 5. For borer moth pests, the larvae should be applied before they enter the crop, and the application should be uniform.
VIII. Bromofluoroperitrin
Brofluthrin, commonly known in English as brofluthrinate, is a low-toxicity, broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide. The original drug rats acute oral LD50> 10000 mg / kg, acute percutaneous LD50> 2000 mg / kg. No irritation to the skin and eyes. It is highly toxic to fish, low to bees, and highly toxic to silkworms. Bromofluorothrin has a contact killing and gastric toxicity effect on pests, has a certain egg killing effect, and has no systemic and fumigation effects. The insecticidal spectrum is wide, the effectiveness period is long, and the use is safe. It can be used to control pests and mites such as Lepidoptera and Homoptera on vegetables, fruit trees, cotton, soybeans, tea and other crops, and can be used to control bee mites. Commonly used preparations: 10% emulsion.
(2) Scope of prevention and control:
Vegetable pests: vegetable green worms, small cabbage moths, used in the 2-3 age of larvae; eggplant red spider, in the early stage of nymphs. Fruit tree pests: peach small heartworm, citrus red spider, hawthorn red spider, apple before and after flowering, and late nymph mites. Soybean pests: aphids, heart-eating insects. Tea tree pest: tea small green leafhopper.
(3) Precautions:
1. Do not mix with alkaline pesticides.
2. This product is highly toxic to fish and silkworms, and cannot be used in and around mulberry gardens, fish ponds, rivers, etc.
3. Stop taking the drug 10 days before harvesting citrus and vegetables.
4. If poisoning occurs, it should be immediately sent to the hospital for symptomatic treatment, and can be detoxified according to permethrin pesticides.
IX. Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin, English common name cypermethrin, alias An Lubao, pyrrhide, Xingmianbao, Cypress, is moderately toxic, is a highly efficient, broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide, moderate toxicity to humans and animals. The original drug for rats acute oral LD50 is 251 mg / kg, acute percutaneous LD50 > 1600 mg / kg. There is no irritation to the skin, mild irritation to the eyes, but it disappears in a short time. It is highly toxic to fish and aquatic insects, highly toxic to bees and silkworms, and low to birds.
Cypermethrin has a contact and gastric toxic effect on pests, and has an ovulibal effect on some pests. The insecticidal spectrum is wide, the pharmacodynamic effect is rapid, it is stable in light and heat, and it has a killing effect on the eggs of some pests. The use of this drug to control pests that are resistant to organophosphorus is good, but the effect on mites and blind bugs is poor. The drug has a long residual effect period and is safe for crops when used correctly. Suitable for cotton, fruit trees, tea trees, soybeans, sugar beets and other crops. Common dosage form: 10% emulsion.
Cotton pests: cotton aphids, cotton bollworms, cotton red bollworms; vegetable pests: cabbage insects, vegetable aphids, cabbage borers, bean borers, small cabbage moths, yellow palmer jumping beetles, smoke green insects, green onion thrips, twill nocturnal moths, etc.; fruit tree pests: citrus leaf sneaker moth, orange aphid, leaf curl moth, apple peach small heartworm, peach borer adult, peach aphid and other pests; tea tree pests: tea small green leaf cicada, tea inchworm, wood maple inchworm, tea caterpillar, small curl leaf moth, li green thorn moth and other pests, but the effect on the tea plant moth is not good. Soybean pests: bean moth, soybean heartworm, bridge-building insect, etc., the effect is ideal; beet pest: control of organophosphorus pesticides and other permethrin pesticides resistance to beet moth, the control effect is good; flower pests: aphids on the moon, chrysanthemums.
1. The safety interval is 3 days.
2. It should not be mixed with alkaline substances such as Bordeaux liquid.
3. For drug poisoning, see Cypermethrin.
4. Pay attention to the unpolluted waters and the sites where bee silkworms are raised.
5. The allowable daily intake of cypermethrin for the human body is 0.06 mg/kg/day.
6. Do not increase the dosage and the number of applications, and pay attention to the alternating use with non-permethrin pesticides.
7. Cypermethrin is extremely toxic to aquatic animals, bees and silkworms, so it is necessary to pay attention to non-polluting waters and bee silkworm breeding sites in use.
10. Sulfur Sunway
Sulfur Sunway, English generic name thiodicarb, other names laviine, pure product is white crystal, industrial product original drug is white to light yellow crystal solid, there is a slight sulfur odor. The melting point of industrial products is 168~172°C. Solubility at 25 °C (g/L): water 0.035, acetone 8.0, methanol 5.0, xylene 3.0, chloromethane 150. It is more stable in neutral aqueous solution, slow hydrolysis in acidic aqueous solution, rapid hydrolysis in alkaline aqueous solution. It decomposes easily in the presence of copper, iron oxides and other heavy metals. Ultraviolet light has a catalytic effect on the hydrolysis and oxidation of aqueous solutions in sunlight. 75% sulfur Sunway wettable powder has the appearance of white or light gray powder, which is non-flammable, non-explosive, suspended at a rate greater than 80%, and has a storage stability of more than 2 years. Thiosesunvir is safe for fish and birds, no chronic poisoning, no carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, and safe for crops.
Thiostilben is a bicarbamate insecticide, which is further improved on the basis of amdolavir, that is, through a chain of sulfur ethers to connect two amdovir molecules to form a dicarbamate. Sulfur double-virus is mainly gastric toxic to pests, almost no contact killing effect, no fumigation and internal absorption, has strong selectivity, and has a short residual period in the soil. Its mechanism of action lies in the nerve obstruction, that is, by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase and hindering the reactivation of conductive substances in nerve fibers, resulting in the death of pest poisoning. Thioselide kills both eggs and larvae and some adults. The activity of egg killing is extremely high, which is manifested in three aspects: (1) the drug solution contacts the unhatched eggs, which can prevent the hatching of the eggs or the larvae from developing to die before 2 years after hatching; (2) the eggs laid within 3 days after application cannot hatch or cannot complete the juvenile development; (3) when the eggs hatch out of the shell, they can effectively poison the hatching larvae by chewing the egg membrane. Due to the introduction of thioether bonds into the structure of thiodivide, it also has a high insecticidal activity for resistant pest strains with oxidative metabolism as the detoxification mechanism. The common dosage forms of thiopenh are 25% and 75% wettable powders.
Thiosestilbene has a special effect on lepidoptera pests and has an ovipositic effect, paying special attention to cotton aphids, leafhoppers, thrips and mites, and can also be used to control Coleoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera pests. Suitable for cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, rice and cash crops, control objects: cotton bollworm, red bollworm, leaf curl moth, heartworm, vegetable green insect, night twill moth, kale nocturnal moth, potato tuber moth, tea moth, tea leaf curl moth and other pests.
1． In order to prevent bollworms from becoming resistant to the agent for a short period of time, care should be taken to avoid continuous use of the drug or alternating with other agents. It is recommended to use the cotton no more than 3 times per season.
2． This product on aphids, mites, thrips and other stinging mouth organ pests are not significant, such as the simultaneous control of such pests, can be mixed with other organophosphorus, permethrin and other pesticides, but to strictly grasp can not be mixed with alkaline substances.
3． When administering the drug, be careful not to expose the skin and eyes, and do not smoke and eat.
4. Wash your hands, face, work clothes and utensils with strong alkali after application.
5. This product should be stored in a dry, cool and safe place, do not approach the source of fire.
6. If taken by mistake, immediately drink salt water or soapy water and spit out, until the spit out becomes transparent, and at the same time ask a doctor for treatment, the antidote is atropine sulfate.
XI. Butyrothio Kerbweis
Butyl kethoe budweiser is also known as butylthiovir, good winter. The original drug is a viscous brown liquid with a solubility of 0.3 ppm in water, stable in a neutral or slightly alkaline environment, non-corrosive, cannot burn, but can be assisted in combustion.
Butyl ketamine is a carbamate broad-spectrum insecticide, no teratogenic, carcinogenic effect, high toxicity to birds and fish. It has systemic, touch killing and gastric toxicity effects on pests. Long duration of effectiveness. The mechanism of action is to interfere with the insect nervous system, inhibit cholinesterase, and continuously excite the muscles and glands of insects, resulting in the death of insects. Dosage forms are 20% emulsion, 35% seed treatment, 5% granules.
Budweiser butyl thioc is mainly used to control lepidoptera pests, thrips, cane turtles, golden needle worms, aphids, mites, etc.; it can also use 5% butyl thioc ketamine granules as a soil treatment agent to control potatoes, sugar beets, rice, underground pests and foliar pests.
1. When using rice paddies, avoid using both barnyard and herbicides at the same time to prevent medicinal harm.
2. Butyl ketamine is not good for the control of rice borer and rice longitudinal leaf borer, and should not be used.
3. The safety interval on vegetables and fruits is 25 days, and it is strictly forbidden to use it 25 days before harvest.
4. Butyl lk Budweiser is more toxic to bees, and attention should be paid to avoiding when spraying foliar.
5. It is also toxic to fish and birds, and it is necessary to avoid polluting rivers, ponds and bird colonies.
6. This product is easy to decompose in case of alkali.
7. Poisoned patients should seek medical treatment as soon as possible.
XII. Isopropylvir
Isopropylvir, common name in English isoprocarb (MIPC), alias extinguishing extinguishing, leafhopper scattering, minimal irritation to the eyes and skin. There is no obvious accumulation of toxicity, no carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic effects are seen in the test dose, it is toxic to bees, and it is low toxic to fish other than Crustaceans.
Ipravir has a strong contact killing effect, inhibiting the action of insects acetylcholinesterase activity, resulting in insect paralysis and death. It has gastric toxicity, touch killing and fumigation effect. It has special effects on rice planthoppers and leafhopper pests. Knocking force is strong, the drug effect is rapid, but the residual effect period is short, generally only 3-5 days. It can treat both thrips and ants. Highly selective and safe for a wide range of crops. Can be mixed with most fungicides or insecticides. Against natural enemies of rice planthoppers, spiders are safe. Commonly used preparations 2%, 4%, 10% isopropylvir powder, 20% isopropylvir emulsion, 10% isopropylvir tobacco agent, 15% isopropylvir tobacco agent.
This product is used to control various aphids on fruit trees, vegetables, grains, tobacco, ornamental plants, and is very effective against aphids that are resistant to organophosphorus. It is also used to control rice planthoppers, leafhoppers, sugarcane flat planthoppers, citrus leafminer moths, etc. on rice.
1. This product has medicinal harm to potatoes and should not be used on potato crops.
2. Do not use barnyard for 10 days before and after application.
3. The national standard for the use of pesticides in China stipulates that the safety interval between 2% of the propylene powder on rice is 14 days. Japan stipulates 100 days for citrus, 30 days for peaches and plums, 21 days for apples and pears, 14 days for soybeans, radishes and cabbage, and 7 days for cucumbers, eggplants, tomatoes and peppers.
4. Store in a cool, dry place, not near grain and feed, and out of reach of children.
5． If you come into contact with poisoning during use, remove contaminated clothing and wash the contaminated skin with soapy water. If splashed into the eye, rinse with plenty of water (preferably salt water) for more than 15 minutes. If inhalation is poisoned, the poisoned person should be moved to a place where the smell of medicine cannot be smelled, unclothed, and lying down to keep quiet. If poisoned by mistake, the poisoned person should be fed warm brine to induce vomiting, and repeatedly filled with salt water until the spitting liquid becomes transparent. Generally, the first aid can be taken 0.6 mg of atropine, or contained under the root of the tongue, so that the liquid is dissolved and swallowed, and then taken every 10-15 minutes to maintain a dry state of throat and skin.
XIII. Quickly extinguish the threat
Rapid extinguishing of detergrence, English generic name MTMC, at 30 ° C in water solubility of 2.3 g / l, soluble in acetone, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and other organic solvents, micro-capacity in ether, benzene, toluene. In case of alkali, it is easy to decompose and fail. It is a moderately toxic insecticide. Rats acute transoral LD50 498-580 mg/kg, acute percutaneous LD50 6 000 mg/kg. No chronic toxicity, no carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic effect, toxic to fish, highly toxic to bees.
Rapid extinguishing of the virus has a touch killing, stomach poisoning and fumigation effect, strong knockdown force, short duration of effectiveness. It can control a variety of pests in rice, tea, cotton, fruit trees and other crops. Common dosage forms: 20% emulsion, 25% quick-defused detergable powder, 3% quick-quenching powder.
This medicine is mainly used to control rice planthoppers, rice leafhoppers, rice thrips on rice; cotton aphids, cotton bollworms, cotton leafhoppers on cotton; tea plant aphids, tea small green leafhoppers, tea long whiteflies, turtle wax ticks, black spotted whiteflies; rust ticks of citrus, citrus rust mites, pear reticulate bugs; walnut fruit elephant beetles; mulberry tree mulberry caterpillars; peanut thrips, etc.
1. Do not mix or mix with alkaline substances to avoid decomposition and failure.
2. Some rice varieties such as Aggong 73 and Nonghu No. 3 are sensitive to rapid extinction and should be used at the end of tillering, and the concentration should not be high, otherwise the leaves will be yellowed and scorched.
3. It is very lethal to bees and should not be used during flowering.
4. It is not advisable to apply medicine before rain, and edible crops should be stopped 10 days before harvest. 5. The antidote is atropine, grape aldehyde lactone and choline, do not use antiphosphodine and other detoxification agents.
14. Poison ticks
Chlorpyrifos, also known as Lorsban, chloroarmasulfide, etc., broad-spectrum thio-thiophosphate insecticide. Its insecticidal spectrum is wide, and it has the effect of touch killing, gastric poisoning and fumigation on pests and mites. Acute oral toxicity is moderate to higher animals, percutaneous toxicity is low; it has obvious irritating effect on human skin and slight irritation on the eyes; it can be quickly degraded into non-toxic substances in higher animals; it is highly toxic to fish and shrimp and toxic to bees. The duration of the foliar period is short, and the duration in the soil is longer, up to 2-4 months, and the efficacy is not affected by soil temperature and humidity and fertilization. Therefore, the control effect of underground pests is better. At recommended doses, it is harmless to most crops but sensitive to tobacco.
This product is mainly used to control vegetable insects, small cabbage moths, greenhouse whitefly, pea color diving flies, pod borers, red spiders and other pest mites, underground pests. Soil pests such as caddisflies, grubs, ground tigers, vegetable root maggots, and sugarcane turtle shells can be controlled by granules or poisonous soil methods. Spray, can control food crops, soybeans, peanuts, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, tea trees, sugarcane, flowers and other crops of lepidoptera, coleoptera, homoptera, hemiptera pests and mites, thrips, etc.; but also to prevent mosquitoes, flies, fleas, cockroaches and other sanitary pests. Apply the drug for livestock, poultry, prevention and control of micro cow ticks, fleas and other ectoparasites. It is safe for general crops, but is more sensitive to tobacco.
1. Can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides;
2. The drug has a corrosive effect on brass, after the sprayer is used up, it should be rinsed immediately;
3. The drug is highly toxic to bees and fish, and attention should be paid to protecting bees and aquatic animals when using;
4. Safe interval Vegetables should be discontinued 7 days before harvest.
Fifteen, times thiophos
Betathion, English common name fenthion, alias Baizhi Tu, is a poisoned insecticide, which is more toxic to dogs and poultry, highly toxic to bees, and has no chronic toxicity. It has a touch killing and gastric toxicity effect on pests, and has a certain permeability to crops, but there is no internal absorption conduction effect, and the insecticidal spectrum is broad-spectrum and the effect is rapid. Oxidized into sulfoxide and sulfone in the plant body, the insecticidal activity is improved. Commonly used dosage forms are 50% emulsion, 2% or 5% powder.
It is suitable for the control of a variety of pests on rice, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables and soybeans, and is also effective against mites.
1． Rice pests: dihua borer, three borer, rice elephant beetle per mu with 50% emulsion 75-150 ml plus fine soil 75-150 kg to make poisonous soil sprinkling or spray 50-100 kg of water. Rice leafhopper and straw planthopper can be controlled with the same dose of spray.
2． Cotton pests: cotton bollworms, red bollworms per acre with 50% emulsion 50-100 ml, water 75--100 kg spray. This dose can also treat cotton aphids and cotton red spiders. Twill moth, cotton leafhopper, cotton blind bug, spray with 50% emulsion 1000-1500 times liquid.
3． Vegetable pests: vegetable insects, vegetable aphids per acre with 50% emulsion 50 ml, 30--50 kg spray on water.
4． Fruit tree pests: Peach small heartworms are sprayed with 50% emulsion 1000-2000 times liquid.
5． Soybean pests: soybean heartworm, soybean curly leaf borer per acre with 50% emulsion 50-150 ml, spray on water 30--50 kg, or 2% powder per acre 2-2. 5 kg spray powder.
1． Seedlings of cruciferous vegetables and pears, peaches, cherries, sorghum and hops are prone to medicinal harm.
2． Cannot be mixed with alkaline substances.
3． Fish and bees are highly toxic, do not pollute fish ponds, and should not be used during the flowering period near the bee colony.
4. Vegetables should be discontinued 10-15 days before harvest.
5. Skin contact poisoning can be rinsed with water or alkaline solution, avoid using potassium permanganate liquid, mistakenly take the treatment can use atropine sulfate, but take atropine should not be too fast, too early, the maintenance time should generally be 3-5 days.
Sixteen, trizophos
Triazolium phosphorus, chemical name O, O-diethyl-O- (1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl), other names are thiophosphate, triazole thiosephosphate, triec and so on. The pure product is a light brownish yellow liquid with a melting point of 0-5 °C, which is soluble in most organic solvents such as toluene, acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. Stable to light, hydrolyzed in an acid-base medium. Trizophos is a broad-spectrum sulfur-by-thiophosphate insecticide with a certain nematode effect. It is a moderately toxic pesticide and is safer to use.
Triazolium has a contact killing and gastric toxic effect on pests, and has a certain endostomy effect, which has obvious killing effect on insect eggs, especially Lepidoptera pest eggs. It is highly toxic to higher animals and toxic to fish and bees. Commonly used dosage forms are 20% and 40% emulsion.
It is mainly used for the control of lepidopteran pests, pest mites, fly larvae and underground pests on fruit trees, cotton and food crops. The main control objects: dihua borer, three borer, rice borer, rice thrips, rice elephant beetle, rice water weevil, rice stalk diving fly, rice gall mosquito, longitudinal leaf borer, cotton bollworm, red spider, aphid, etc., especially for plant nematodes and pine caterpillars.
1. This product is moderately toxic, and the last medication should be no less than seven days before the harvest period.
2. This product is flammable and should be kept away from the source of fire; store in a cool place.
3. This product cannot be mixed with alkaline substances to avoid decomposition and failure.
4. In case of poisoning, atropine or phosphate can be used for first aid.
XVII. Propyl bromophos
Propyl bromophos, other names polysophos, bromochlorophos, boofasone, gram wormron and so on. The pure product is a light yellow liquid, boiling point 110 °C (0.133 Pa), solubility in 20 °C water is 20mg/L, can be miscible with most organic solvents, stable under neutral and weak acidic conditions, easy to decompose under alkaline conditions. Propyl bromophos is a moderately toxic insecticide. No chronic toxicity, no carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic effect, no irritating effect on the skin, toxic to fish, birds and bees. The product is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide, acaricide, with a strong touch killing, gastric toxicity, and has a certain fumigation effect. Ternary asymmetrical structure, unique mechanism of action, resistant to other organophosphorus, pyrethroid resistance to cotton pests is still effective, is an effective agent for the control of resistant cotton bollworm. It is not very toxic and is an ideal alternative to highly toxic pesticides.
Propyl bromophos is suitable for the control of harmful insects and mites on cotton, vegetables and food crops such as cotton bollworms, cotton aphids and red bollworms. The common dosage form is 44% emulsion.
1. It is strictly forbidden to mix with alkaline pesticides.
2. The mixed use of propyl bromophos and cypermethrin has obvious efficiency gains, and the commercial polysome is an effective agent for the prevention and control of resistant cotton bollworm.
3. The poisoned person is sent to the hospital for treatment, and the therapeutic agent is atropine or antiphosphodine.
XVIII. Fluridine
Fludarurea, other names are: Styroprid, Orthopedron, IKI, 7899, English common name chlorfluazuron. White crystal, melting point 226.5 °C (decomposition), slightly dissolved in water at 20 °C, easily soluble in methanol, toluene, propanol, cyclohexanone and other solvents, stable under light and heat.
Fluoridine is a low-toxicity insecticide of benzoylurea. No irritation to the skin. The product is an insect growth regulator, mainly gastric toxicity, with both touch killing effect and no systemic absorption. The mechanism of action is mainly to inhibit chitin synthesis, hinder the normal molting of insects, so that the hatching of eggs, larval molting and pupal development deformities, adult feathering is hindered.
It is suitable for the control of insecticides such as organophosphorus, pyrethroids, and carbamates, which have become resistant to pests, but are ineffective against aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, etc. It can effectively control pests such as lepidoptera, orthoptera, coleoptera, hymenoptera, diptera and other pests of cotton, soybeans, corn, vegetables, fruit trees, potatoes, tea, tobacco, forests, public health, etc., and is safe for a variety of beneficial insects. It mainly controls the larvae of vegetable green insects, cabbage nocturnal moths, twill moths, beet moths, small cabbage moths, large cabbage borers, vegetable borers, silver-striped nocturnal moths, lamp moths, pink-spotted nocturnal moths, etc., and adult insects such as tomato spotted divers, pea diving flies, pea leaf diving flies, vegetable diving flies, and South American spotted flies. The effect can only be seen 3 to 5 days after application, so the reproductive borer moth pest should be used from the peak of egg laying to the peak of incubation.
1. When spraying, it is necessary to moisten all branches and leaves of the liquid in order to give full play to the effect of the drug.
2. The application period should be about 3 days earlier than organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides. Pests that are harmful to leaves should be sprayed at a young age, and insect pests should be sprayed at the peak of pest spawning or egg hatching.
3. Security interval 7 days.
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