Notice on the issuance of the "Technical Guidance Opinions on the Pre-winter Management of Wheat in the Province in 2021"
Time: 2021-10-29
Lu Nong Ji Zi [2021] No. 18
Municipal Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureaus:
This year's autumn planting situation is special, the field moisture is more, the sowing is generally late, the sowing quality of some plots is deviated, the field seedlings are growing differently, the threat of pests and diseases is increasing, and the "La Niña" climate leads to an increase in the probability of extreme low temperatures, which puts forward higher requirements for the management of wheat fields before winter. To this end, our department has organized relevant experts to study and formulate the "Technical Guidance on the Pre-winter Management of Wheat in the Province in 2021", which is hereby issued to you, please implement it according to local conditions.
Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong Province
October 29, 2021
Technical guidance on pre-winter management of wheat in the province in 2021
This year, the pre-winter wheat field management in our province should take "increasing the ears and protecting the ears, and protecting the seedlings from wintering" as the goal, and implement the technical line of "classified management, implementing policies according to the locality, promoting early management, increasing temperature and preserving moisture, promoting early growth, and promoting the transformation of the weak into a strong", so as to lay the foundation and win the initiative for the safe wintering of wheat and next year's bumper harvest.
First, based on suitable soil preparation, plant enough late stubble wheat
Practice has proved that from the beginning of November to the wintering of wheat in our province, most areas still have an accumulated temperature of 200 to 350 degrees greater than zero degrees, and 1 to 3 leaves can grow before winter when sowing seeds during this period. Even if the wheat field cannot be "covered in the soil" before winter, as long as the sowing amount is sufficient, the yield of more than 300 kg can still be obtained.
The first is to rush the broadcast. In areas that have not yet completed the task of sowing seeds, it is necessary to make full use of the favorable opportunity of the recent good weather, and on the basis of suitable soil preparation, we should pay close attention to the sowing of late stubble wheat, so that we should plant all seeds, can be planted as early as possible, and can be used as early as possible.
The second is to increase the amount of broadcasting. In early November, the amount of seeds sown should be 20 to 22.5 kg per mu, and the maximum number of basic seedlings per mu should not exceed 450,000.
The third is to increase fertilizer. Appropriately increase the application of the bottom fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer base topdressing ratio can be adjusted to 5:5 or 6:4, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer can be applied to 40 to 50 kg per mu. Pay attention to the balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and pay special attention to the application of phosphorus fertilizer to promote the root development and tiller growth of wheat, and improve the rate of tillering into panicles.
Second, according to the local conditions and seedling conditions, classify and do a good job in field management
The first is to do a good job in replenishing seedlings. Wheat should be highly yielded, and it is key to evenly adjust the whole seedling. It is necessary to check the situation of seedlings in time, and replant the plots with missing seedlings and broken ridges as soon as possible, and the earlier the replanting time, the better. Seeds of the original varieties should be replanted to prevent mixing of varieties. At the same time, it is strictly forbidden for livestock to nibble on green and injured seedlings.
The second is scientific repression. Wheat fields with extensive cultivation, poor quality of land preparation, many surface ridges, and loose soil after straw returning should be suppressed 2 to 3 times before winter to crush the crumbs, stabilize the soil, and lift the mounds. In suppression, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of "pressing dry without pressing wet," "pressing soft without pressing hard," and "pressing light without pressing heavy," that is, to do a good job of suppressing plots with suitable soil moisture, and overly wet plots should not be suppressed; plots with frozen soil should not be suppressed to prevent crushing wheat seedlings; late sowing wheat should be lightly pressed rather than under heavy pressure to avoid mechanical damage.
The third is timely topdressing. When sowing, no bottom nitrogen fertilizer is applied, or the bottom fertilizer is insufficiently applied, especially in the wheat fields with large water overspouring, heavy nutrient leaching, and symptoms of lack of fertilizer in the early stage, it is necessary to borrow moisture at the end of November and the beginning of December before winter or in combination with watering and fertilization to promote root tillering, generally 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu.
The fourth is to control prosperity and promote strength. Some wheat fields with early sowing and large sowing in Lunan and Ludong areas may have a tendency to flourish, and mechanical suppressors can be used to crush 1 to 2 times before winter, control the growth, promote secondary root eruption and sub-planting, and cultivate strong seedlings before winter.
Third, timely chemical weeding to prevent and control diseases and insect hazards
The soil moisture is large, which is conducive to weed germination and the spread of pathogen infestation, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning, scientifically implement prevention and control, and strive to reduce the base of pre-winter diseases and insect pests and reduce the degree of harm in the later stage.
First, do a good job of chemical weeding. The resistance of weeds before winter is poor, and it should be changed to spring to pre-winter prevention, early prevention and small prevention, and control of grass pests. To control broad-leaved weeds, you can choose a single dose or compound preparation containing zolodone, chlorofluoropyroxyacetic acid, difluorosulfonamide, thiophenesulfuron and other components, such as mu with 10% azasulfame water dispersion granules 15 to 20 grams, or 15% thiophenesulfuron wettable powder 10 to 15 grams, or 50 grams / liter difluorosulfonamide suspension 5 to 6 ml, 30 kg of water stem and leaf spray. For the control of grass weeds, single or compound preparations containing methyl disulfuron, spermoxazole grass axiline, fluzosulfuron, azoline ester, adisulfonamide, alkyne oxalate and other components can be selected according to the grass phase. Such as mu with 15% alkyne ester microemulsion 25 to 30 ml, or 30 g / l methyl disulfuron dispersible oil suspension 20 to 35 ml, or 70% flurazole sulfuron water dispersion granules 2 to 4 g, water 30 kg stem and leaf spray.
Chemical weeding should pay special attention to the following matters: First, timely medication. Before winter, the stem and leaf treatment should be applied after the wheat has 3 leaves and 1 heart, and the weeds are basically out. Choose to use medicine between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., when there is no wind on a sunny day and the minimum temperature is not less than 4 °C, and it is forbidden to use drugs on rainy days and windy days to prevent the drug effect from decreasing and the drift of mist droplets. The second is scientific drug use. It is strictly forbidden to use methyl disulfulfuron and its compound preparations on strong gluten wheat and high-quality wheat to avoid drug harm. Avoid mixing alkyne esters and azoline esters with hormonal herbicides. The third is precise application. Select spray equipment with good performance, use fan-shaped nozzles, avoid waste of liquid and local drug damage caused by spray equipment "running, running, dripping and leaking", and ensure that the spray is uniform, not re-sprayed, and no leakage spraying.
The second is to control the harm of diseases and insects. In the plot where stem base rot occurs, phenyl ether methylcyclazole, thiofuranamide, fluzole hydroxyamide and other agents can be sprayed on the base of the stem. Pay close attention to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests such as red spiders, wheat aphids, golden needle worms, and striated blight, and do a good job in comprehensive prevention and control.
The third is to actively organize the implementation of unified defense and rule. Give full play to the advantages of specialized prevention and control organizations in technology and equipment, promptly organize and launch specialized unified prevention and control operations, and improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and effectiveness of prevention and control.
Fourth, as appropriate, water the overwintering water to prevent frost damage and protect the winter
At present, the phenomenon of "La Niña" has been formed, and the probability of extreme low temperatures in winter is greater. This year's wheat late sowing area is large, some plots of seedlings are small and shallow, coupled with the accumulation of plant nutrients is small, the ability to resist low temperature frost damage has declined, especially in hilly and drylands with insufficient moisture, which are prone to frost damage. Watering overwintering water is an important measure to ensure the safe overwintering of wheat and to ensure that the fertilizer water in early spring is moved backwards, and it can also sink the soil and crush the rubble. Due to the good moisture conditions in most areas, whether to water the winter water must be combined with the local reality, and the key depends on the quality of the sowing and the moisture. Plots with extensive cultivation, more crags and noisy soil returned to the field of straw, especially wheat fields with more hanging root seedlings and poor soil water retention, and general moisture before wintering, should be watered in a timely manner to ensure that the seedlings can safely overwinter. Wheat fields with higher quality, better seedling emergence and sufficient moisture do not need to be watered overwintering, and before wintering, we should focus on cracking measures to prevent frost and ensure that seedlings can overwinter safely.